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1.
为研究不同纤维源对吉林白鹅肠道形态学发育的影响,本试验分别以羊草和玉米秸秆作为日粮纤维源,选择56只吉林白鹅作为试验动物,应用组织切片技术分别对11、18、25、32、39、46、53日龄吉林白鹅小肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度、肌层厚度进行测定。结果表明:2个处理组均为空肠绒毛最长。2组肠道各段绒毛高度及肌层厚度在11~25日龄期间绝对生长值最高。羊草组鹅十二指肠及空肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度极显著高于玉米秸秆组(P<0.01)。玉米秸秆组鹅肠道各段肌层厚度高于羊草组。玉米秸秆组及羊草组鹅肠道各段绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值总体上随日龄呈增长趋势,羊草组鹅十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值高于玉米秸秆组(P>0.05)。结果提示,本试验条件下,不同纤维源显著影响11~53日龄吉林白鹅肠道形态学发育,羊草组鹅十二指肠及空肠形态学发育优于玉米秸秆组。 相似文献
2.
本试验旨在研究不同来源纤维饲粮对福建黄兔表观消化率、十二指肠组织形态及盲肠纤维消化酶活性的影响。试验选用200只健康、体重接近的断奶福建黄兔,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只。4组分别饲喂由添加比例为25%的苜蓿草粉、甜菜渣、燕麦草、大麦糠为纤维饲料原料配制而成的饲粮。试验期为60 d,于试验第54天以全收粪法进行消化试验,屠宰后测定十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度及二者比值,盲肠纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和果胶酶活性。结果表明：①苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、不溶性纤维（IDF）、可溶性纤维（SDF）的消化率均极显著高于大麦糠与燕麦草组（P<0.01）。其中,甜菜渣组不溶性纤维、可溶性纤维的消化率最高,与苜蓿草粉组差异显著（P<0.05）。②苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组的绒毛高度极显著高于大麦糠组（P<0.01）,但显著低于燕麦草组（P<0.05）,隐窝深度显著低于大麦糠和燕麦草组（P<0.05）,其中甜菜渣组隐窝深度最低。甜菜渣组的绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）最高,极显著高于其他组（P<0.01）。③苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组盲肠3种纤维消化酶活性均极显著高于大麦糠和燕麦草组（P<0.01）,其中甜菜渣组的3种酶活均极显著高于苜蓿草粉组（P<0.01）。综上所述,对比4种纤维饲粮,在饲粮配方中添加25%的甜菜渣能提高肉兔的表观消化率与盲肠纤维消化酶活性,并能改善十二指肠组织形态。 相似文献
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为了解小肠消化吸收功能对羔羊生长发育的影响,本试验选择60只相同饲养条件、相同断奶日龄(3月龄断奶)的5月龄健康阿勒泰×特克赛尔杂交F1代羔羊为研究对象,从中选择体重大小具有显著性差异的8只羔羊分为大体重组(HBW组)4只,平均体重(37.20±2.80)kg;小体重组(LBW组)4只,平均体重(28.24±3.75)kg。测定两组羔羊十二指肠绒毛组织形态学指标、消化酶活性及其黏膜中钠依赖性葡萄糖转载蛋白1(SGLT1)和葡萄糖转载蛋白2(GLUT2)表达量的差异。结果显示,HBW组羔羊十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度均显著低于LBW组(P< 0.05),而黏膜厚度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值差异均不显著(P> 0.05);HBW组羔羊淀粉酶活性显著高于LBW组羔羊(P< 0.05),麦芽糖酶、乳糖酶、蔗糖酶活性均极显著高于LBW组羔羊(P< 0.01),脂肪酶及蛋白酶活性在两组羔羊间均无显著差异(P> 0.05);HBW组羔羊SGLT1表达量显著高于LBW组(P< 0.05),GLUT2表达量极显著高于LBW组(P< 0.01)。综上所述,反刍动物体重增加与十二指肠消化吸收功能密切相关,这些消化酶及葡萄糖运载蛋白的分子生物学上调机制尚需进一步研究。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯(HMBi)对福建黄兔屠宰性能、肠道组织形态和肠道酶活的影响。选取体重相近、健康的断奶福建黄兔100只(公、母各半),随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复5只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.20%、0.40%、0.60% HMBi。预试期10 d,正试期52 d。结果表明,①与对照组相比,Ⅱ组屠体重和屠宰率分别显著和极显著提高(P<0.05;P<0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胴体重显著提高(P<0.05)。②与对照组相比,Ⅱ组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度极显著提高(P<0.01),Ⅲ组空肠和回肠绒毛高度极显著提高(P<0.01);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度显著或极显著降低(P<0.05;P<0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组回肠隐窝深度显著提高(P<0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组十二指肠和回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值显著或极显著提高(P<0.05;P<0.01),Ⅲ组空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值极显著提高(P<0.01)。③与对照组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组淀粉酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,HMBi可提高福建黄兔的屠宰率,改善小肠黏膜形态,增加肠道酶活性;在本试验条件下,福建黄兔日粮中HMBi的适宜添加水平为0.40%。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同比例的苜蓿草粉对四季鹅生长性能、体尺、屠宰性能、器官指数和肉质性状的影响。选取健康、体重相近的15日龄四季鹅256只（公母各半）,随机分成4组,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,3个试验组分别添加10%、20%和30%苜蓿草粉。每组4个重复,每个重复16只鹅。饲养至70日龄时,测量其各项体尺指标,每个重复选取4只鹅屠宰取样,测定屠宰性能、器官指数及肉质性质。结果表明：与对照组相比,日粮中添加不同比例的苜蓿草粉对四季鹅的平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比、体斜长、龙骨长、胫围、半潜水长、胸宽、胫长、屠宰率、半净膛率、胸肌率等均无显著影响（P>0.05）,添加20%和30%苜蓿草粉显著提高了鹅的胸深（P<0.05）,添加30%苜蓿草粉显著降低了鹅的全净膛率（P<0.05）,添加10%苜蓿草粉显著提高了腿肌率（P<0.05）。此外,与对照组相比,苜蓿草粉组腹脂率均显著降低（P<0.05）,肝脏指数、空肠指数、回肠指数以及盲肠指数均显著提高（P<0.05）,但胸肌、腿肌的滴水损失同时也提高了（P<0.05）;10%、30%苜蓿草粉组十二指肠指数均显著提高P<0.05）。综上所述,在日粮中添加苜蓿草粉可改善四季鹅的屠宰性能（增加胸深、提高腿肌率、降低腹脂率）,提高器官指数（肝脏指数、十二指肠指数、空肠指数、回肠指数以及盲肠指数）,但会提高胸肌和腿肌的滴水损失;且添加过多的苜蓿草粉（30%）还会显著降低全净膛率。综合考虑,四季鹅日粮中以添加10%苜蓿草粉为宜。 相似文献
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【目的】通过比较饲喂苜蓿鲜草和全价颗粒饲料对兔胃黏膜抗氧化能力和胃肌层结构的影响，为兔健康饲养和提高养殖户的收益提供依据。【方法】选用20只健康、体重相近的断奶新西兰兔，随机分为饲料组和苜蓿草组，每组10只，分别饲喂苜蓿鲜草和全价颗粒饲料，饲养30 d。通过空气栓塞法将新西兰兔处死后解剖，称量胃的长度和重量，利用生物化学法测定胃黏膜的抗氧化能力，包括总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性和脂质过氧化物（LPO）、丙二醛（MDA）含量，胃pH以及胃蛋白酶的活性，同时运用组织切片技术、苏木精伊红染色及图像分析法测定胃的贲门部、胃底部、胃体部以及幽门部的肌层厚度。【结果】饲料组体重和胃液pH均显著高于苜蓿草组（P<0.05），而苜蓿草组胃相对重量、胃蛋白酶浓度以及胃黏膜抗氧化能力均显著或极显著高于饲料组（P<0.05；P<0.01）。苜蓿草组兔胃贲门部、胃底部以及幽门部的总肌层厚度均极显著大于饲料组（P<0.01），在贲门部苜蓿草组的纵行肌厚度显著大于饲料组（P<0.05），环行肌厚度极显著大于饲料组（P<0.01），在胃底部苜蓿草组斜行肌厚度显著大于饲料组（P<0.05），而其余部位的肌层厚度均无显著差异（P>0.05）。【结论】不同饲喂条件下，苜蓿草组胃化学消化能力、抗氧化能力以及胃肌层厚度均显著高于饲料组。 相似文献
7.
本研究旨在探讨肌肉生成抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)和肌细胞生成素(myogenin,MyoG)基因对鹅骨骼肌生长发育的影响。试验以莱茵鹅和籽鹅为研究对象,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法测定MSTN、MyoG基因在籽鹅和莱茵鹅胸肌、腿肌中的差异表达情况,运用统计软件对基因表达情况与屠宰性状间的相关性进行分析。结果显示,莱茵鹅胸肌重和胸肌率极显著高于籽鹅(P<0.01),籽鹅胸肌MSTN、MyoG mRNA表达量极显著高于莱茵鹅(P<0.01);在腿肌中,籽鹅MSTN mRNA表达量极显著低于莱茵鹅(P<0.01),籽鹅与莱茵鹅MyoG mRNA表达量间无显著差异(P>0.05)。同一品种MSTN mRNA表达水平也存在差异,在籽鹅胸肌和腿肌中表达量存在极显著差异(P<0.01);在莱茵鹅胸肌和腿肌中表达量存在显著差异(P<0.05)。就MyoG mRNA而言,在籽鹅和莱茵鹅胸肌和腿肌中表达量存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。MSTN基因表达与屠宰性能相关性分析表明,胸肌中MSTN mRNA表达量与活重、胸肌重和胸肌率呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);胸肌和腿肌中MyoG mRNA表达量与活重呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。说明MSTN和MyoG基因可能对肌肉生长分别起正负调控作用。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮中不同比例大黑山薏苡草粉替代苜蓿草粉对生长肉兔肠道形态、消化酶活性及盲肠发酵参数的影响。试验选取体重接近的35日龄断奶新西兰白兔100只,随机分为5组,每组10个重复,每个重复2只兔。对照组(C组)和4个替代组(S25、S50、S75和S100组)分别饲喂5种不同比例(0、25%、50%、75%和100%)大黑山薏苡草粉替代苜蓿草粉的试验饲粮。试验期15 d。试验第15天早晨空腹称重后,从各组不同重复中选取4只接近平均体重的试验兔,屠宰取小肠和盲肠组织、黏膜和食糜样品用于分析。结果表明:各组间平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比均无显著差异(P0.05)。各组间小肠各段的绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值及盲肠隐窝深度均无显著差异(P0.05)。S50组十二指肠中蔗糖酶活性显著高于S75和S100组(P0.05),而各组间其他各肠道各消化酶活性均无显著差异(P0.05),但均以S50组活性较高。各组间盲肠pH和氨态氮、总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量以及乙酸/(丙酸+丁酸)均无显著差异(P0.05)。基于16S rRNA二代测序结果发现,C组与S100组盲肠微生物在门水平及在属水平上的组成均无明显差异。由此可见,大黑山薏苡草粉替代饲粮中苜蓿草粉不影响生长肉兔肠道形态、消化酶活性及盲肠发酵指标,大黑山薏苡草粉可完全替代生长肉兔饲粮中的苜蓿草粉,但推荐替代比例为50%。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究湖羊羔羊早期断奶前后的胃肠道结构和功能发育的变化,为羔羊的早期培育提供理论依据。选择初生重相近的22只双羔湖羊公羔(初生重3.81 kg±0.55 kg),1~7日龄饲喂母乳,8日龄与母羊分离,开始饲喂代乳粉(按8日龄体重的2%,分3次等量饲喂)和开食料(自由采食),35日龄停止饲喂代乳粉。于8、21和42日龄分别屠宰6只羔羊,检测瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃的重量及十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠、直肠的长度和重量;采集瘤胃和小肠组织,切片后进行伊红和苏木精染色,检测瘤胃乳头长度、宽度、环形肌厚度、小肠绒毛高度、宽度和隐窝深度,并计算绒隐比(绒毛高度/隐窝深度);采集瘤胃、十二指肠和空肠内容物,检测淀粉酶、纤维素酶、乳糖酶、胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性及氨态氮(NH3-N)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度。结果显示,瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃重和瘤胃占总胃重的比例随日龄的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),皱胃重占总胃重的比例随着日龄的增加而减小(P<0.05);十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠的长度、重量随日龄的增加而增加(P<0.05),42日龄十二指肠、回肠绒隐比均显著高于8和21日龄(P<0.05),瘤胃乳头高度、乳头宽度和肌层厚度均随日龄的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),十二指肠的绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度及空肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度均随着日龄的增加而减小;十二指肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶及空肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶活性均随着日龄的增加而显著增加(P<0.05);42日龄羔羊瘤胃中淀粉酶活性及乙酸、丙酸和丁酸浓度均显著高于21日龄羔羊(P<0.05)。以上结果说明,和断奶(21日龄)前相比,断奶后羔羊的瘤胃发育增强,皱胃和小肠组织形态变小,瘤胃和小肠中主要消化酶的活性均增强。 相似文献
10.
《中国畜牧杂志》2015,(15)
为研究不同纤维源日粮对吉林白鹅生产性能和小肠发育的影响,选用21日龄吉林白鹅64只,随机分成2组,每组4个重复,每个重复8只,分别饲喂玉米秸秆和黑麦草目粮,饲养4周。结果表明:在饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白水平相同条件下,黑麦草组吉林白鹅饲料增重比显著低于玉米秸秆组(P0.05),39、46、53日龄黑麦草组十二指肠绒毛高度显著高于玉米秸秆组(P0.05),且在39日龄时,黑麦草秆组十二指肠隐窝深度和肌层厚度均显著高于玉米秸秆组(P0.05),两处理组空肠和回肠隐窝深度与肌层厚度差异不显著(P0.05)。结果提示,与玉米秸秆日粮相比,黑麦草日粮饲喂吉林白鹅可获得较好的生产性能,其可通过调节小肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度和肌层厚度进而影响十二指肠的发育。 相似文献
11.
XIE Yan-juan YANG Hai-ming SHENG Dong-feng LI Yan-pin JIN Shi-lei WANG Zhi-yue 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(4):960-966
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary fiber sources on intestine tissue morphology changes of adult Yangzhou geese.Eighteen Yangzhou geese with 25 weeks old were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 geese per group, namely:Rice husk meal group, alfalfa meal group and Chinese wildrye group.At the end of the test, all geese were weighed, slaughtered and intestinal tract were collected to observe intestine tissue morphology.The results showed as follows:① No significant differences were found in the length of the duodenum and jejunum among three groups (P>0.05), ileum length of rice husk meal group was significantly higher than of alfalfa meal and Chinese wildrye groups (P<0.05), but no significant differences were found between alfalfa meal group and Chinese wildrye group (P>0.05).② Duodenal villus height, villus width, crypt depth and muscle thickness of rice husk meal group were significantly higher than that of alfalfa meal group and Chinese wildrye group (P<0.05), where the crypt depth and V/C of Chinese wildrye group were significant different from alfalfa meal group (P<0.05).Jejunum villus height of rice husk meal group and Chinese wildrye group were significantly higher than alfalfa meal group (P<0.05), while crypt depth was significant lower than alfalfa meal group (P<0.05)with no significant differences founding between rice husk meal group and Chinese wildrye group (P>0.05).Muscle thickness of rice husk meal group were significantly higher than alfalfa meal group (P<0.05).Ileac villus height of Chinese wildrye group was significantly higher than the rest groups (P<0.05) and villus width of three groups showed significant differences (P<0.05), rice husk meal group was the biggest.V/C of Chinese wildrye group were significant higher than the other two groups (P<0.05), and muscle thickness of Chinese wildrye group was significantly higher than rice husk meal group and alfalfa group (P<0.05).In conclusion, the different sources of dietary fiber could significantly affect intestinal tissue morphology of adult Yangzhou geese. 相似文献
12.
本研究旨在探讨菜籽粕对4~6周龄浙东白鹅体增重、养分利用率及血清生化指标的影响,以确定此阶段肉鹅日粮中菜籽粕的合理添加水平。试验选用4周龄健康的浙东白鹅160只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,3个试验组分别饲喂以3%、6%和9%的菜籽粕代替基础日粮中豆粕的试验日粮。预试期7 d,正试期14 d。结果表明:①3%、6%和9%组鹅体增重较对照组呈下降趋势,但各组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。②3%组总能(GE)、粗蛋白质(CP)和总磷(TP)的利用率最高,均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),粗脂肪(EE)利用率较对照组极显著提高(P<0.01),随着菜籽粕添加量的增加,肉鹅对粗纤维(CF)和钙(Ca)的利用率降低,且6%和9%组较对照组呈现极显著差异(P<0.01)。③3%组天冬氨酸(Asp)、谷氨酸(Glu)、色氨酸(Ser)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、亮氨酸(Leu)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)利用率均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);6%组除缬氨酸(Val)、赖氨酸(Lys)外,其余氨基酸利用率均显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0.05;P<0.01);9%组色氨酸(Ser)、甘氨酸(Gly)、组氨酸(His)利用率均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。④随着菜籽粕添加量的增加,血清中血糖(GLU)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)含量呈上升趋势(P>0.05),9%组血清中总胆固醇(TC)含量较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),总蛋白(TP)、甘油三酯(TG)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)含量与对照组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,4~6周龄浙东白鹅日粮中用3%~6%的菜籽粕代替部分豆粕较为适宜。 相似文献
13.
为研究日粮纤维源对四川白鹅肉品质、氨基酸含量和营养价值的影响,试验选用28日龄体重相近的四川白鹅120只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只,公母各半,采用地面平养方式,分别饲喂含苜蓿草粉、黑麦草粉、燕麦草粉和花生秧粉日粮,自由采食和饮水,试验期共42 d。结果显示,在日粮近似等氮等能、采食量相等的条件下,日粮纤维源对四川白鹅肉剪切力、肉色、滴水损失率、粗脂肪和氨基酸含量均有显著影响（P<0.05）,苜蓿和花生秧组剪切力均显著低于黑麦和燕麦组（P<0.05）,苜蓿、燕麦和花生秧组滴水损失率均显著低于黑麦组（P<0.05）,燕麦组粗脂肪显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）,而花生秧组显著低于其他3组（P<0.05）,不同纤维源日粮对水分、灰分和粗蛋白质含量均无显著影响（P>0.05）。日粮中添加苜蓿草粉可提高鹅肉保水性,增加其嫩度,同时也可提升鹅肉中鲜味氨基酸含量,建议生产中可在肉鹅日粮中适当添加苜蓿草粉,以提升其肉品质和营养价值。 相似文献
14.
YAN Chunchi DONG Biao ZHAO Minmeng LIU Long GENG Tuoyu GONG Daoqing WANG Jian 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,47(11):3502-3509
The experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary alfalfa powder on the growth performance,body size,slaughter performance,organ index and meat quality of Siji geese.A total of 256 15-day-old geese (half male and half female) with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups with 4 replicates of 16 geese each.The geese in control group were fed with corn-soybean meal-based diet (control diet),and geese in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet replaced with 10%,20% and 30% alfalfa powder,respectively.The results showed that,compared with the control group,dietary alfalfa powder supplementation had no significant effect on the average daily intake,average daily gain,feed conversion ratio,body oblique length,keel length,shin circumference,semi diving length,chest width and shin length (P>0.05),and also had no effect on the carcass ratio,half-eviscerated carcass ratio and pectoral muscle ratio (P>0.05).However,dietary 20% and 30% alfalfa powder supplementation significantly increased the chest depth (P<0.05),dietary 30% alfalfa powder significantly decreased the full-eviscerated carcass ratio (P<0.05),and dietary 10% alfalfa powder significantly increased the leg muscle ratio (P<0.05) of geese.In addition,dietary alfalfa powder significantly decreased the abdominal fat ratio (P<0.05),raised the growth index of liver,jejunum,ileum,and cecum (P<0.05),and increased the water loss rate of pectoral muscle and leg muscle (P<0.05) compared with the control group.Dietary 10% and 30% alfalfa powder significantly increased duodenal growth index (P<0.05) of geese.In conclusion,dietary alfalfa powder supplementation might improve the slaughter performance (increase chest depth and leg muscle ratio,reduce abdominal fat rate) and organ growth index (increase the growth index of liver,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and cecum).However,dietary alfalfa powder increased water loss rates in pectoral muscle and leg muscle,and 30% alfalfa powder reduced the full-eviscerated carcass ratio of geese.The appropriate supplementation level of alfalfa powder was recommended at 10% in the present study. 相似文献
15.
试验旨在探究添喂核桃青皮及其25%乙醇溶液提取物对黄羽肉仔鸡肠道形态、黏膜抗氧化性能及微生物多样性的影响。选取144只1日龄雄性黄羽肉鸡,随机分为3组,每组12个重复,每个重复4只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分别在基础饲粮中添加1%的核桃青皮原粉和核桃青皮提取物,饲养至70日龄。试验结束后从每个重复中随机挑选1只,屠宰后取小肠,分别测定十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度;刮取十二指肠黏膜,测定总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、铜锌型超氧化物歧化酶（CuZn-SOD）、锰型超氧化物歧化酶（Mn-SOD）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）及谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性;取回肠内容物,采用16S rDNA高通量测序技术分析肠道微生物多样性及相对丰度的差异。结果显示,与对照组相比,添加核桃青皮及其提取物对黄羽肉鸡十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度以及绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值均无显著影响（P>0.05）;对十二指肠黏膜T-SOD、CuZn-SOD、Mn-SOD、CAT的活性及T-AOC均无显著影响（P>0.05）;添加核桃青皮及其提取物后,回肠微生物物种数显著提高（P=0.05）,微生物多样性指数和物种丰富度指数明显增加,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。对照组黄羽肉仔鸡回肠菌群在门水平上主要是厚壁菌门,超过总细菌的99%。添加核桃青皮粉及其提取物使厚壁菌门丰度明显下降,而拟杆菌门的丰度明显增加,但均差异不显著（P>0.05）。乳杆菌属是对照组黄羽肉仔鸡回肠菌群最主要的属,平均占71%。添加核桃青皮及其提取物后,肠道中的乳杆菌属的相对丰度有所下降（P>0.05）,对照组黄羽肉仔鸡回肠中以鸟乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、敏捷乳杆菌、果囊乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌为主要的已知菌种,添加核桃青皮原粉及其提取物后鸟乳杆菌的丰度显著增加（P<0.05）,添加核桃青皮提取物后敏捷乳杆菌的丰度显著增加（P<0.05）。由此可见,在黄羽肉仔鸡饲粮中添加1%核桃青皮或其提取物不影响肠道形态结构和黏膜抗氧化能力,但肠道微生物多样性和物种丰富度提高,有益菌鸟乳杆菌和敏捷乳杆菌丰度增加。 相似文献
16.
试验旨在研究日粮中紫苏饼、菜籽粕代替豆粕对肉牛养分表观消化率及氮代谢的影响。选择20头体重相近、健康状况良好的12月龄左右的秦川肉牛（母牛）为试验动物,按照单因素随机区组设计,将20头试验牛分为5组,每组4头牛。不同试验组日粮中分别添加以31%豆粕（对照）、36%菜籽粕、14%紫苏饼+24%菜籽粕、28%紫苏饼+12%菜籽粕和42%紫苏饼为蛋白质原料配制的5种不同的精饲料。试验持续120 d,其中预饲期15 d,正试期105 d。试验期间,测定每头试验牛每天的摄入氮、尿氮及粪氮,测定日粮中干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的表观消化率。结果表明：① 42%紫苏饼组摄入氮含量最高,36%菜籽粕组最低,但各组间氮含量差异不显著（P>0.05）;36%菜籽粕组的粪氮显著高于28%和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,且与31%豆粕组和14%紫苏饼组差异不显著（P>0.05）;② 42%紫苏饼组的沉积氮最高,与其他各组均差异显著（P<0.05）,其中31%豆粕组显著高于36%菜籽粕组（P<0.05）;③ 42%紫苏饼组的DM、ADF表观消化率显著高于31%豆粕组和36%菜籽粕组（P<0.05）,14%和28%紫苏饼组的DM、OM和NDF的表观消化率均差异不显著（P>0.05）;④ 14%紫苏饼组尿液中尿素氮含量显著高于31%豆粕组和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,且与36%菜籽粕组和28%紫苏饼组差异不显著（P>0.05）;31%豆粕组尿液中马尿酸氮含量显著高于36%菜籽粕组和42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,而这3组均显著高于14%和28%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）;31%豆粕组的尿囊素氮含量显著高于42%紫苏饼组（P<0.05）,与其他3组差异不显著（P>0.05）;各组的肌酸氮、微生物氮预测值、尿素氮/尿氮、肌酸氮/尿氮和嘌呤衍生物氮/尿氮均没有显著差异（P>0.05）。综上,本试验条件下,精料中用42%紫苏饼代替31%豆粕,肉牛氮沉积最高,比对照组高3.65 g/d;DM、OM、NDF、ADF的表观消化率分别比对照组高3.45%、2.22%、6.56%、10.98%。 相似文献
17.
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of perilla cake and rapeseed meal instead of soybean meal on the apparent digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of beef cattle.20 Qinchuan beef cattle of about 12 months old with similar weight and good health were selected and divided into 5 groups with 4 cattle in each group according to the univariate randomized block design.Five different protein feeds treatments were 31% soybean meal,36% rapeseed meal,14% perilla cake+24% rapeseed meal,28% perilla cake+12% rapeseed meal and 42% perilla cake,respectively.The experiment lasted 120 days,of which the pre-feeding period was 15 days and the trial period was 105 days.During the test,the daily intake of nitrogen,urine nitrogen and fecal nitrogen,the apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM),organic matter (OM),neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of each test cow were determined.The results showed that:① The 42% perilla cake group had the highest nitrogen intake,and the 36% rapeseed meal group had the lowest nitrogen content,and the differences between the groups were not significant (P>0.05).The manure nitrogen in 36% rapeseed meal group was significantly higher than 28% and 42% perilla cake groups (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference with 31% soybean meal group and 14% perilla cake group (P>0.05).② The 42% perilla cake group had the highest sedimentary nitrogen,which was significantly different from other groups (P<0.05),and the 31% soybean meal group was significantly higher than 36% rapeseed meal group (P<0.05).③ The apparent digestibility of DM and ADF in 42% perilla cake group were significantly higher than those in 31% soybean meal group and 36% rapeseed meal group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in apparent digestibility of DM,OM and NDF between 14% and 28% perilla cake groups (P>0.05).④ The content of urea nitrogen in 14% perilla cake group was significantly higher than 31% soybean meal group and 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and it was not significantly different from the 36% rapeseed meal group and 28% perilla cake group (P>0.05).The 31% soybean meal group had significantly higher nitrosate nitrogen content than 36% rapeseed meal group and 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and these three groups were significantly higher than 14% and 28% perilla cake groups (P<0.05).Allantoin nitrogen in 31% soybean meal group was significantly higher than 42% perilla cake group (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference from the other three groups (P>0.05).There was no significant differences in creatine nitrogen,microbial nitrogen predicted value,urea nitrogen/urine nitrogen,creatine nitrogen/urine nitrogen,and purine derivative nitrogen/urine nitrogen among all groups (P>0.05).In summary,in this test,when 42% perilla cake was used instead of 31% soybean meal in the concentrate,the beef cattle had the highest nitrogen deposition,which was 3.65 g/d higher than 31% soybean meal group.The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,NDF and ADF were 3.45%,2.22%,6.56%,and 10.98% higher than 31% soybean meal group,respectively. 相似文献
18.
To understand the effect of intestinal digestion and absorption on the growth and development of lambs.60 5-month and healthy lambs were selected as the study subjects which were F1 generation hybridized by Altay sheep × Teksaier sheep and were fed in the same rearing conditions and had the same weaning date.And then, 8 lambs with significant weight differences were equally divided into HBW group and LBW group, the former with average weight (37.20±2.80)kg and the latter with average weight (28.24±3.75)kg.Measurements were to be performed for the differences in the morphological indicators of villus in duodenum, digestive enzyme activity in duodenum and sodium glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in the lambs'mucosa.The results showed that the villus height and crypt depth of duodenum in HBW group were significantly lower than that in LBW group (P< 0.05), there were no significant differences in the mucosal thickness and V/C between two groups (P> 0.05);The amylase activity in HBW group was significantly higher than that in LBW group (P< 0.05), the activities of maltase, lactase and sucrase in HBW group were extremely significantly higher than that in LBW group (P< 0.01), there were no significant differences in the activities of lipase and protease between two groups (P> 0.05);The expression amount of SGLT1 in HBW group was significantly higher than that in LBW group (P< 0.05), the expression amount of GLUT2 in HBW group was extremely significantly higher than that in LBW group (P< 0.01).In conclusion, there was close correlation between the weight increment of the lambs and digestive and absorptive functions of duodenum, and that further research and study need to be conducted to have a better understanding of the regulating mechanism of molecular biology for digestive enzyme and glucose transporter. 相似文献