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我国大豆种质资源对大豆孢囊线虫3号生理小种的抗性鉴定研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
１９９１－１９９５年鉴定了我国３３５５份栽培大豆和１８６份野生大豆对大豆孢囊线虫３号生理小种的抗生。在栽培大豆种质资源中筛选免疫的５份，抗病的１９份，野生大豆资源中未筛选出免疫和抗病的。抗生材料多为黑色种皮。 相似文献
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中俄大豆种质遗传多样性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
种质资源的扩增、改良和创新是解决大豆遗传基础狭窄的主要途径.利用SSR分子标记技术对来自俄罗斯和黑龙江省的82份野生大豆和东北四省区的39份栽培大豆材料进行遗传多样性分析,为种质资源利用和创新提供分子依据.在所合成的45对SSR引物中,12对引物扩增结果表现出良好的多态性,多态性位点共检测到50个等位基因,每个位点2～7个,平均4.17个,平均多态性信息量为0.595.聚类分析结果表明,在遗传相似系数0.734处,野生大豆和栽培大豆被明显的分开,与以往大豆属Soja亚属的形态学分类结果相一致,为野生大豆和栽培大豆分为两个种提供了分子水平上的依据.野生大豆和栽培大豆的平均遗传距离分别为0.2595和0.1895,表明野生大豆的遗传多样性比栽培大豆丰富.因此,可以利用俄罗斯和东北地区的野生大豆特有等位变异来扩大东北栽培大豆遗传多样性,进而拓宽东北大豆遗传基础. 相似文献
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中国大豆种质资源对大豆孢囊线虫3号生理小种抗性鉴定研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
１９９１－１９９５年，应用田间自然病圆和病土盆栽鉴定方法，对安徽、河北、福建、山东等２４个省市保存的３３５５份栽培大豆种质资源和１８６份野生大豆种质资源分别进行大豆孢囊线虫３号生理小种的抗性鉴定。 相似文献
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野生大豆是栽培大豆的近缘野生植物,是大豆育种的宝贵种质资源。1979——1983年,在全国野生大豆考察中搜集到5000余份种子,仅我省就搜集整理出1000余份。为在无专用库房条件下短期内保存好这批宝贵资源,避免因年年繁殖或隔年繁殖而浪费人 相似文献
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大豆主要病害双抗种质鉴定初报 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
2002—2003年采用人工接种与田间试验相结合方法,对黑龙江省新品种(品系)及一些国内外种质资源 进行灰斑病、疫霉病、镰刀菌根腐病、大豆花叶病毒病进行鉴定筛选,从中鉴定出3份抗灰斑病、疫霉病的双抗资 源,龙品8802、HR41和钢9491 - 2; 3份抗根腐病、疫霉病的双抗资源,抗线2号、邓恩和大粒黄; 2份抗病毒病、灰斑 病的双抗资源,合丰44号和合丰45号。同时鉴定出一大批单抗种质。并建立了比较全面的抗性调查评价体系。 相似文献
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基于SSR标记的四川大豆与引进大豆资源遗传多样性和群体结构分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用均匀分布于20条染色体的53对SSR标记(每条染色体上2~5对),对190份大豆资源进行遗传差异检测,随后根据标记试验结果进行遗传多样性分析、聚类分析、PCA分析和群体结构分析。53对SSR标记共检测到159个等位变异,每个位点等位基因范围为2~6个,平均每个位点的等位基因为3个,有效等位基因数Nei为1.474 4±0.237 5,多态性信息含量PIC为0.305 0±0.105 6;Shannon-Weaver指数值为0.476 2±0.124 9。这些参数显示了190份大豆资源异质程度不是很高,遗传多样性丰富程度一般,总体遗传多样性处于中等水平。UPGMA聚类分析结果显示190份大豆资源(群体1:P1)被分为3个大类,且四川审定大豆品种与野生大豆资源、国外引进资源亲缘关系较远,随后将四川审定大豆品种31份、国外资源13份和野生大豆资源8份共52份材料(群体2:P2)单独进行聚类分析,52份材料也被分成3个大类。群体1和群体2分别在K=3,K=2时得到合理群体结构。群体1的3个亚群分别是:亚群I由地域来源丰富的78份材料组成,不包含野生大豆资源;亚群II 59份材料中含7份野生大豆资源;亚群III 53份材料只包括1份野生大豆资源zy05292。群体2分成两个亚群:亚群Ⅰ26份材料中含24份四川审定大豆品种和2份国外资源;亚群II包含了6份审定大豆品种。供试的190份大豆资源蕴含了比较丰富的遗传变异,显示了较高水平的基因多样性。群体结构不能严格地按照地域、来源国家的划分而区分,这一现象显示了大豆资源存在着广泛的基因交流。从分析结果来看,四川大豆资源的种质创新可以充分地利用国外引进资源与直立型野生大豆资源,进而丰富四川大豆的基因多样性。 相似文献
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林红 《中国油料作物学报》1996,(4)
１９８１～１９９５年从黑龙江省７３９份野生大豆（Ｇ．Ｓｏｊａ）、半野生大豆（Ｇ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓ）资源中，筛选出高蛋白、超早熟、多花荚、多分校及抗ＳＣＮ和ＳＭＶ等优异种质２７份。利用这些优异资源进行种间杂交，选育出百粒重１９ｇ，蛋白质含量４８．２９％，蛋白、脂肪总含量６６．１６％的优异新种质龙品８８０７；选育出多荚多分枝、外贸特用极小粒类型及秆强荚密丰产型新种质８份。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献