共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
林分直径结构反映了各径级林木的株数分布。通过对陕西省华州区秦岭南麓天然次生松栎混交林典型林分设置的4个样地进行每木调查,采用Meyer方程对样地林木以及林分主要树种锐齿栎、油松、华山松直径分布进行拟合,并结合Liocourt提出的q值比率。结果表明:样地总体林木株数按径阶分布呈倒J状,相邻径阶株数比q值为1.422,锐齿栎相邻径阶株数比q值为1.441,油松相邻径阶株数比q值为1.206,华山松直径分布呈近似截尾正态分布。林分林木直径结构总体合理,作为林分主要树种的锐齿栎、油松具有异龄林林木径阶结构特征,而华山松具有同龄林林木径阶分布特征。 相似文献
2.
基于Weibull分布的林分结构可视化模拟技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
林分结构是林分生长和林分经营的理论基础,具有重要的生产实践和科研价值。以杉木人工林为研究对象,以30 m×30 m样地大小为例,以Weibull分布拟合林分直径结构,并进行x2检验。在已知林木算术平均胸径和林木株数的前提下,以C#语言为基础,结合Weibull分布模型、测树因子间关系模型、生物量估计模型、GDI+技术与MOGRE技术,实现了林分结构统计图表可视化模拟,并对林分进行了2维3维可视化模拟。结果表明:Weibull分布可有效拟合林分直径结构分布,可视化模拟技术使林分结构得到了更加直观高效的表达,为研究林分结构提供了新的技术手段,为提高森林经营管理水平提供了可视化决策平台。 相似文献
3.
为进一步揭示天然红松阔叶混交林的空间结构规律,为合理经营天然红松阔叶林提供借鉴,本研究在吉林省蛟河林业实验区大坡经营区设立面积为1 hm2的样地,利用全站仪对高度1.3 m以上的林木进行每木调查,然后利用角尺度、大小比数和混交度等3种结构参数,分析了样地内不同径阶林木的空间分布特征.结果表明:天然红松阔叶林中小径阶(胸径≤10 cm)林木占总株数的59.4%,其周围林木呈随机分布,与林分的总体分布格局一致.大径木的平均角尺度呈急剧下降的趋势,说明其相邻木挤在一起的现象大幅度减少,相邻树木在其四周趋于均匀分布.林木大小比数随胸径的增大呈迅速减小的趋势,小径木多明显受压,中径木处于中庸状态或亚优势地位,大径木全部处于优势地位.林木混交度随着胸径的增大呈逐渐递增的趋势,竞争压力逐步减小,林木空间分布特征渐趋优化. 相似文献
4.
长白山阔叶红松林的空间分布格局 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
为进一步揭示天然阔叶红松林的空间结构规律,为合理选择种群结构研究方法提供借鉴,在长白山自然保护区内设立面积为1 hm2的固定样地,对样地内的林木进行每木调查和坐标定位.运用均匀度理论对不同径阶大小的林木进行空间格局分析,并运用均匀度、点格局、角尺度3种格局研究方法对样地中的主要树种及林分整体的空间格局进行对比分析.结果表明:1)小径阶林木的分布状态为集群分布,随着径阶的增大,林木由集群分布向随机分布转变.2)阔叶红松林的格局分布为集群分布,这主要受到了演替阶段和林分年龄的影响.3)3种方法在格局不太明显的种群上存在一定的差异,但这3种方法在格局检验上各有优势. 相似文献
5.
以长白山过伐林区金沟岭林场的云冷杉林4个局级固定样地连续12年的观测数据为研究对象,利用固定样地内主要针叶树种红松、冷杉和云杉,从1978年到1984年6年内的胸径与定期平均生长量对应值数据,建立林木径阶生长转移概率模型,预估林木径阶平均生长量,并利用1990年观测数据进行检验,结果表明:所建概率模型实际应用误差较小,精度较高;同时还分析了1978年至1990年12年间云冷杉林的枯损林木株数分布特征,通过模型模拟和检验,表明Weibull分布函数适用于异龄混交林的枯损株数分布模拟。 相似文献
6.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(7)
【目的】植被空间格局是植物群落生态特征、种间竞争等分析的基础，对了解植物群落生态学特征及过程具有重要意义。本研究试图探讨样地林分树高和胸径的空间异质性，以期获得北京山区优势种群的空间分布格局与空间分布特征。【方法】选择生长良好的林分设置固定观测样地（100 m×100 m），对所有树木进行每木检尺，明确样地内树种组成、结构特征与径级结构，基于各立木在二维空间上的坐标构建点图，分析林木聚集特征；应用变异函数分析方法了解林木空间异质性特征，采用Kriging空间插值统计学方法分析样地内林木树高及胸径等生长特征的空间分布特征。【结果】研究样地内共有树种13种，共计株数833株，其中油松为其优势树种，占78.75%，在部分区域呈现高度聚集分布；栓皮栎、黄栌、山杏等其他树种混交分布其中，在部分区域有小范围的聚集；样地内所有林木还是优势树种油松林木，其径级分布均接近于正态分布，随着径级的增加，个体数呈先增大后减小的单峰变化趋势；树高和胸径均以指数理论模型的拟合效果较好，树高值的空间异质性不高，而胸径值的空间异质性较高，树高和胸径均表现出中等程度的空间自相关性；林木树高的空间分布呈连片分布，胸径的空间分布呈斑块分布。【结论】林分在小尺度上存在聚集效应，林木生长存在空间异质性，其空间格局表现为连片和斑块状分布。 相似文献
7.
[目的]量化黄河故道刺槐人工林结构多样性,为黄河故道森林结构精细调控和森林质量精准提升提供依据。[方法]对2块50 m×100 m黄河故道刺槐人工林固定样地进行每木定位和调查,采用径阶-林分空间结构参数二元分布同时量化描述林木空间和大小结构特征,并采用α多样性指数量化描述不同空间结构状态下林木大小多样性。[结果]刺槐人工林林分A和B中6～36 cm径阶随机分布林木分别占56.2%和52.2%,且随机分布林木具有更高的大小多样性（HA=2.73、HB=2.75）和较差的均匀性。不同优劣等级林木径阶分布基本呈正态分布,且林木越粗壮越占竞争优势,但林分B中不同优劣等级林木具有更高的大小多样性。林分A和B中分别有85.1%和80.5%的林木混交较差,较集中分布于8～30 cm和14～34 cm,林分B中不同混交度等级林木具有更高的大小多样性。林分A中非常稀疏林木径阶分布呈右偏正态分布,其6～30 cm占到37.2%,而林分B非常密集林木径阶分布呈双峰型,其6～8 cm和22～40 cm的株数比例分别为8.7%和22.5%。[结论]黄河故道刺槐人工林不... 相似文献
8.
9.
实测屏边县51块杉木样地,建立林分相对树高H_R、相对胸径D_R回归方程,根据样地资料,通过林分平均高、平均胸径及相应径阶值求算相应径阶林木理论高(H_i),利用二元材积表和各径阶株数求出各径阶材积,各径阶材积累加得林分蓄积。该方法省工省时,精度高,可把蓄积落实到林分各径阶。 相似文献
10.
[目的]通过分析大兴安岭呼中林区兴安落叶松天然林胸径和树高的一元、二元分布特征,揭示脆弱地带森林群落的林木大小分布特征。[方法]在大兴安岭呼中林场设置3种不同类型兴安落叶松林固定样地,利用整体和分层的方法,对样地林分胸径和树高的变化规律以及两者之间的关系进行研究。[结果]表明:(1)草类-落叶松林直径分布为单峰分布,其他2块样地为双峰分布; 3块样地林木直径分布均呈左偏。杜鹃-落叶松林树高分布为多峰分布,其他2块地均为单峰分布; 3块样地林木树高分布均呈右偏。(2) 3块样地上、下层林木的直径分布均为单峰分布,上层木直径分布均呈左偏,下层木直径分布草类-落叶松林右偏,杜鹃-落叶松林左偏,杜香-落叶松林为近似正态。杜鹃-落叶松林的树高上、下层分布为双峰,其他2块样地均为单峰,3块样地上层木树高分布均左偏,而下层木树高分布均右偏。(3)草类-落叶松林和杜鹃-落叶松林小径阶林木株数占绝大多数。3块样地林分中树高与胸径的比值在小径阶林木中明显大于大径级林木。草类-落叶松林和杜鹃-落叶松林上层木中小径阶林木株数所占比例稍大,杜香-落叶松林和杜鹃-落叶松林下层木中大径阶林木株数比例稍大,但3块样地上层和下层木树高与胸径的比值在大小径阶林木中均无明显差异。[结论]高密度的杜鹃-落叶松林平均树高要高于低密度的杜香-落叶松林和草类-落叶松林平均树高,而平均胸径无明显差异。3块样地林分中树高与胸径的比值小径阶林木中明显大于大径级林木,但其差异在上层和下层林分中均表现不明显。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
16.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
17.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
19.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献