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利用纤维素刚果红培养基初筛,滤纸失重和酶活测定试验复筛,从鹅盲肠筛选到1株纤维素分解能力较强的真菌F67。经中国科学院微生物研究所鉴定,F67为草酸青霉,微生物保藏号为CGMCC NO.2260。该菌在以纤维素为唯一碳源的培养液中,28℃振荡培养8 d,滤纸纤维素失重率达28.53%,滤纸酶活力(FPA)可达449.79 U/g。试验结果还表明,真菌分解纤维素的能力最强,放线菌次之,细菌最差。 相似文献
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为了确定直立黄芪中是否存在能产生苦马豆素的真菌及该类真菌与链格孢属波状芽管孢组疯草内生真菌的遗传进化关系,对直立黄芪植物组织中的真菌进行了分离,应用ɑ-甘露糖苷酶抑制法和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对分离菌株菌丝中的苦马豆素进行分析,筛选能够产生苦马豆素的菌株。PCR法扩增产苦马豆素真菌的内部转录间隔区(ITS)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GPD)和β-酮脂酰合酶(β-ketoacyl synthase,KS)基因,测定其序列,进行序列一致性比对。基于ITS和GPD序列构建系统发育树,根据遗传进化分析结果和形态特征,对直立黄芪中的产苦马豆素真菌进行种属分类和命名。结果显示:从直立黄芪中共分离到43株真菌,其中有13株菌丝中含有苦马豆素,序列一致性和系统发育分析结果表明,该类真菌与已报道的直立黄芪病原真菌甘肃链格孢(Alternaria gansuense)和产苦马豆素疯草内生真菌(Alternaria Section Undifilum sp.)的亲缘关系最近。直立黄芪中存在能产生苦马豆素的真菌,根据形态特点和遗传进化分析结果,本研究将从直立黄芪中分离的产苦马豆素真菌划分到链格孢属波状芽管孢组中,并命名为甘肃波状芽管孢(Alternaria Section Undifilum gansuense)。 相似文献
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产纤维素酶菌株的筛选与产酶测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了分离筛选获得高产纤维素酶菌株,试验收集堆肥和林场腐殖层土壤样品,经富集培养后接种于不同的鉴别培养基用于分离细菌、放线菌、真菌,利用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)琼脂平板结合革兰氏碘液染色法,通过测定水解圈直径与菌落直径比值(H/C值)初筛纤维素降解菌,通过测定滤纸酶(FPA)和羧甲基纤维素酶(CMC)活性复筛出产纤维素酶能力相对较强的菌株,并测定其酶活性,最后从形态学和分子生物学角度对产酶最高的菌株进行鉴定。结果表明:共筛选出产纤维素酶能力相对较强的细菌6株、放线菌9株、真菌2株;FPA和CMC活性测定显示,分离菌株的FPA活性在5.36~25.86 IU/m L之间,CMC活性在11.56~58.75 IU/m L之间,其中1株真菌的酶活性较高,FPA和CMC活性分别达到25.86 IU/m L、58.75 IU/m L,产酶能力高于在生产中应用的绿色木霉菌,这株真菌鉴定为黑曲霉,该菌可以作为潜在的开发菌种。 相似文献
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选用PCS培养基和定期改变传代的方法,从高温堆肥样品中筛选出4组具有较强纤维素分解能力的混合菌群,从菌群的生长特性、纤维素酶活力和滤纸、水稻秸秆的降解能力等方面复筛出一组纤维素分解能力较强而稳定的混合菌群MixF-3。该混合菌群经72h能将滤纸完全崩解,崩解滤纸后的培养液pH值基本稳定在8.5左右。培养温度为55℃或65℃时有利于MixF-3复合菌群产生的纤维素酶活较快地达到最大值;55℃培养96h左右,培养液中最高酶活为91.05U/mL,培养7d对水稻秸秆的降解率为46.5%。将复合菌群MixF-3接种到猪粪和牛粪自然堆肥中,发现其能促进肥料快速升温,48h内超过65℃,加速了原料的快速腐熟,为进一步研究开发堆肥快速腐熟菌剂奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2017,(3):37-42
为了筛选到高效玉米秸秆降解真菌。实验以树林、稻田、玉米田等地土层下5 cm取得的腐殖质土壤为样品进行富集培养,通过刚果红染色法进行初步筛选,滤纸崩解法复筛,分别以羧甲基纤维素钠和玉米秸秆粉为唯一碳源,经30℃、120 r/min摇床培养72 h测定纤维素酶活性,液态发酵方法考察实际降解能力,通过分子学方法鉴定菌株。获得2株具有较高纤维素酶活和玉米秸秆降解能力的真菌菌株Z_(2-6)和Z_(3-5),液体发酵15 d后,秸秆降解率分别是59.43%和59.13%,通过分子学鉴定都为尖孢镰刀菌。真菌菌株Z_(2-6)和Z_(3-5)是具有较好研究价值的玉米秸秆纤维素降解真菌。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
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Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664