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1.
为探讨撕裂蜡孔菌Ceriporia lacerata菌株HG2011对烟草黑胫病的防治效果和对烤烟的促生作用,利用该菌株制备发酵液和固体菌剂,通过拮抗和盆栽试验研究其对烟草黑胫病病原菌烟草疫霉Phytophthora nicotianae生长的抑制作用、对黑胫病的防治效果及对烟苗生长和养分吸收的影响。结果表明:撕裂蜡孔菌菌株HG2011能显著抑制烟草疫霉生长;在带毒平板试验中,含20%发酵液的培养基对烟草疫霉菌丝生长的抑制率达54.50%;在平板对峙试验中,菌株HG2011能使烟草疫霉菌丝扭曲、畸形和空泡化,最终完全侵入并覆盖烟草疫霉菌落。在盆栽试验中,施用撕裂蜡孔菌固体菌剂可降低发病烟苗叶片中的丙二醛含量,并能维持正常的细胞膜透性,使烟苗黑胫病发病率比单独接种烟草疫霉处理显著降低了15.55%～37.77%,且预防效果71.16%优于治疗效果17.98%。在化肥配施高量菌剂处理中烟苗的株高、最大叶面积和生物量均最高,比单施化肥处理显著增加9.08%、36.28%和11.84%;烟苗氮、磷、钾的吸收量比单施化肥处理显著增加11.29%、38.73%和12.79%。表明撕裂蜡孔菌菌株HG2011能有效防治烟草黑胫病,刺激烟苗生长、促进养分吸收,表现出良好的防病促生效应。 相似文献
2.
Pineapple heart rot isolates from Ecuador reveal a new genotype of Phytophthora nicotianae 
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下载免费PDF全文 Pineapple heart rot disease, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae (syn. P. parasitica), is responsible for significant annual reductions in crop yield due to plant mortality. In Ecuador, new infections arise during the rainy season and increase production costs due to the need for biocontrol and fungicide applications. Studies of P. nicotianae population structure suggest that certain genetic groups are associated with host genera; however, it is not clear how many host‐specific lineages of the pathogen exist or how they are related. The objectives of this study were to determine the level of genetic variation in the P. nicotianae population causing heart rot disease of pineapple in Ecuador and compare the genotypes found on pineapple to those previously reported from citrus, tobacco and ornamentals. Thirty P. nicotianae isolates collected from infected pineapple leaves from four farms were genotyped using nine simple sequence repeat loci. In addition, the DNA sequences of mitochondrial loci cox2 + spacer and trnG‐rns were analysed. Together, these loci supported a single clonal lineage with two multilocus genotypes differing in a single allele and low mitochondrial diversity. This lineage was distinct but closely related to isolates collected from vegetables and ornamentals in Italy. The results support the hypothesis of host specialization of P. nicotianae in intensive cropping systems and contribute to the understanding of population structure of this important pathogen. 相似文献
3.
As a major component of the cell wall, lignin has been suggested to play an important role in the plant defence response to various pathogens. However, how lignin is involved in plant pathogen interaction is still unclear. Here, a series of transgenic tobacco lines were cultivated with a range of differences in lignin content and composition. Evaluation of pathogen resistance in these plants indicated that lower total lignin content aggravated the severity of tobacco black shank and bacterial wilt diseases, while increased sinapyl lignin (S) alleviated the disease symptoms. The regression analysis indicated both lignin content and S lignin were positively correlated with disease resistance. These two factors had additive effects, exhibiting stronger correlation with disease resistance when they were combined. Neither guaiacyl lignin (G) nor S/G ratio showed close correlation with disease resistance. The expression of pathogenesis‐related protein genes PR2 and PR3 was induced after pathogen inoculation. However, the up‐regulation of PR2 and PR3 was not associated with a disease resistance‐induced increase in lignin content. These data collectively suggest that both total lignin content and S lignin are main factors that contribute to the basic defence response in tobacco. 相似文献
4.
Heather M. Way Kemal Kazan Neena Mitter Kenneth C. Goulter Robert G. Birch John M. Manners 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2002,60(6):275
Transgenic tobacco plants expressing a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase cDNA (ShPAL), isolated from Stylosanthes humilis, under the control of the 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus were produced to test the effect of high level PAL expression on disease resistance. The transgenic plants showed up to eight-fold PAL activity and were slowed in growth and flowering relative to non-transgenic controls which have segregated out the transgene. The expression of the ShPAL transgene and elevated PAL levels were correlated and stably inherited. In T1 and T2 tobacco plants with increased PAL activity, lesion expansion was significantly reduced by up to 55% on stems inoculated with the Oomycete pathogen Phytophthora parasitica pv. nicotianae. Lesion area was significantly reduced by up to 50% on leaves inoculated with the fungal pathogen Cercospora nicotianae. This study provides further evidence that PAL has a role in plant defence. 相似文献
5.
云南魔芋新病害—疫病病原菌的鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
<正>魔芋为天南星科(Araceae)魔芋属(Amorphophallus Blume)植物,是富含葡甘露聚糖的经济作物。随着人们对魔芋葡甘露聚糖的进一步研究和深度开发利用,魔芋的生产越来越受到重视,种植方式也由传统的半野生零星种植转向规模化大面积种植。云南是魔芋的起源中心之一[1],其气候环境非常适宜魔芋的生长和种植,但由于规模化种植程度的扩大以及芋农较为粗放的栽培管理方式,魔芋病害日趋严重,新病害亦不断出现。20世纪90年代初,我国魔芋有3种主要病害,现已增至11种。最近在云南省魔芋不同生育期的叶片及茎杆上又发现一种新病害——魔芋疫病。该病水渍状的黑 相似文献
6.
烟草黑胫病菌培养特性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了云南烟草黑胫病菌在不同培养基、不同温度的生长情况及不同菌龄与不同诱导时间孢子囊的产生数量。结果表明,菌株在8种供试培养基中,以燕麦培养基和选择性培养基上菌落生长最好,其次为胡萝卜培养基,在番茄汁和马铃薯培养基上生长最差。同一菌株在不同培养基上产孢量不同、产生的孢子囊大小亦有所不同。05P226菌株在玉米培养基上产孢量最高;05P55菌株在燕麦培养基上产孢量最高,在番茄汁培养基上产生的孢子囊最大,而05P62菌株在燕麦培养基上产孢量最高,在烟叶汁培养基上产生的孢子囊最大。在30℃菌丝生长速率最高,其次为28℃,以35℃生长最差。供试3个菌株间生长差异显著,以05P226生长最好,05P55菌株次之,05P62生长最差。05P226、05P55菌株皆以培养14d、诱导72h产孢量最高,最适宜试验中产孢培养。 相似文献
7.
烟草黑胫病拮抗根际芽胞杆菌FB-16的筛选鉴定及其抑菌活性 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
为获得对烟草黑胫病有较强生防效果的拮抗细菌,从健康烟草根际采集30份土壤样品,分离纯化得到347株细菌,经病原真菌定向筛选后得到1株对烟草黑胫病菌等病原真菌拮抗活性较好的细菌FB-16,其对烟草黑胫病菌的抑菌带宽为23mm。采用菌丝生长速率法、作用机制试验、温室防病试验测定FB-16的抑菌作用,并通过形态学特征、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析对菌株进行鉴定。结果显示,菌株FB-16发酵液对烟草黑胫病菌菌丝生长抑制率为95.96%;其代谢产物对烟草黑胫病菌菌丝有致畸作用;菌株FB-16为解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliauefaciens(Gen-Bank登录号为JN245982);饱和度25%硫酸铵获得的抑菌物质对烟草黑胫病菌的抑菌活性较高,抑菌圈直径达42.00 mm;FB-16活性产物处理的烟草植株在接种烟草黑胫病菌7天后的防治效果为69.96%。表明菌株FB-16在烟草黑胫病生物防治中具有潜在的利用价值。 相似文献
8.
Trabelsi Darine M.B. Allagui M. Rouaissi A. Boudabbous 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2007,70(4-6):142-148
Nine isolates of Phtophthora nicotianae were isolated from infected pepper plants. Their pathogenicity was studied in Capsicum annuum in comparison with P. nicotianae isolates from tomato and tobacco. The pathogenicity test showed that pepper isolates of P. nicotianae are adapted to their host. Banding patterns obtained by RAPD analysis with six oligonucleotide primers revealed polymorphism that grouped the isolates independently of the plant host. The polygenic dendrogram showed that pepper isolates were more similar to tomato isolates than to tobacco isolates. The RAPD bands of 1300 and 1500 bp, detected with primers OPD-01 and OPD-10, respectively, appeared specific to the most pathogenic pepper isolates. The OPK-08-1950 seems specific to the isolates of P. nicotianae from tomato. These results suggest that host specified might occur in P. nicotianae and that may be due to interspecific hybridization events resulting in novel pathogenic behavior. 相似文献
9.
用游动孢子浸根接种法对我国主产烟区的117个烟草黑胫病菌(Phyto-phythora parasitica var.nicotianae)致病性测定结果表明，黑胫病菌茵株问致病性存在明显差异，病情指数范围4．66—84．30，强、中和弱致病性菌株各占11．1l％、58．97％和29．91％。对国内主要的59个烟草品种经室内和大田的抗病性鉴定表明，目前尚没有抗黑胫病菌的免疫品种，但不同烟草品种抗性差异明显，其中Coker371G、NC82、K346和单育三号等品种有较强的抗病性，且室内鉴定与大田鉴定结果基本一致。 相似文献
10.
Acquired resistance triggered by elicitins in tobacco and other plants 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Philippe Bonnet Eva Bourdon Michel Ponchet Jean -Pierre Blein Pierre Ricci 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(2):181-192
Elicitins are a family of proteins excreted byPhytophthora spp. They exhibit high sequence homology but large net charge differences. They induce necrosis in tobacco plants which then become resistant to the tobacco pathogenPhytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae. In stem-treated plants, resistance was not restricted to the site of elicitin application, but could be demonstrated by petiole inoculation at all levels on the stem. Resistance was already maximum after two days and lasted for at least two weeks. It was effective not only towardsP. p. var.nicotianae infection, but also against the unrelated pathogenSclerotinia sclerotiorum. In contrast to dichloroisonicotinic acid, an artificial inducer of systemic acquired resistance, which was increasingly effective with doses ranging from 0.25 to 5mole per plant, the basic elicitin cryptogein exhibited a threshold effect, inducing near total resistance and extensive leaf necrosis above 0.1 nmole per plant. Between 1 and 5 nmole, acidic elicitins (capsicein and parasiticein) protected tobacco plants with hardly any necrotic symptom. Elicitins exhibited similar effects in various tobacco cultivars andNicotiana species, although with quantitative differences, but induced neither necrosis nor protection in other SolanaceÆ (tomato, petunia and pepper). Among 24 additional species tested belonging to 18 botanical families, only some BrassicaceÆ, noticeably rape, exhibited symptoms in response to elicitins, in a cultivar-specific manner. Elicitins appear to be natural specific triggers for systemic acquired resistance and provide a tool for unraveling the mechanisms leading to its establishment.Abbreviations AR
acquired resistance
- HR
hypersensitive response
- INA
2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid
- Ppn
Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae
- SAR
systemic acquired resistance 相似文献
11.
5mmol/L水杨酸或1g/L乙烯外源处理可诱导烟草对黑胫病的抗性，推迟植株死亡。不能积累水杨酸的转nahG基因植株和不表现乙烯应答反应的转etr1-1基因植株对黑胫病的抗性显著弱于野生型植株。组成性积累高水平水杨酸的转entC和pmsB基因植株对黑胫病的抗性明显强于野生型植株。这些结果说明水杨酸和乙烯增强烟草对黑胫病的抗性，减缓黑胫病的扩展。0．5mmol/L KCN连续浇灌植株4天或浸溃叶片2，4h均不能恢复转nahG基因植株丧失的对黑胫病的抗病性。此结果进一步支持关于KCN处理不能恢复转nahG基因植株丧失的对真菌病害抗病性的假说。 相似文献
12.
为获得对烟草疫霉菌生防效果更佳的拮抗菌株,对多粘类芽胞杆菌LB-9进行基因诱变。利用原生质体电转化法,构建了菌株LB-9的Tn-5转座插入突变体库,获得约2000个转化子,通过平板对峙法筛选出对烟草疫霉菌拮抗能力增强且效果稳定的突变菌株3个,其中编号为A13的突变菌株对烟草疫霉菌的抑制效果达到80%以上,与原始菌株LB-9的抑菌率相比提高了20%以上。采用室内盆栽接种法研究了正突变菌株A13对烟草黑胫病的防控效果,并利用实时荧光定量PCR法初步分析了其诱导烟株体内抗病相关基因的表达。结果表明,正突变菌株A13处理烟株7 d后,对烟草黑胫病的防效高于原始菌株LB-9,防效可达80%以上,同时可诱导烟株体内不同信号通路中抗性相关基因的上调表达。本研究为多粘类芽胞杆菌插入诱变育种方法研究提供了理论支撑,对烟草黑胫病的生物防治具有重要意义。 相似文献
13.
14.
研究了二氢茉莉酸丙酯(PDJ)对烟草黑胫病的控制作用,结果表明:离体条件下,PDJ对烟草黑胫病Phytophthora parasitica Var. nicotianae的菌丝生长、孢子囊产生、游动孢子释放及萌发均无明显的抑制作用;PDJ处理后显著减轻了烟草幼苗黑胫病的病情,其最佳处理浓度为100 mg/L,最佳处理时间是接种前3 d,持效期在15 d以上;并且PDJ 100 mg/L处理烟苗下部第3片叶后,可使上部未处理叶片病情显著减轻。表明PDJ诱导了烟草幼苗对黑胫病的抗性。 相似文献
15.
The hypothesis that dispersin B (DspB), an enzyme from the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans that degrades the extracellular matrix polysaccharide PGA, will inhibit biofilm formation of the soft rot pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in infected plants was tested by constitutive expression of DspB in tobacco plants. All the transgenic plants expressed properly folded and active DspB enzyme, although at different expression levels. In virulence assays, even the transgenic plant line D10, which produced a low level of DspB compared to other lines, showed significant resistance against P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, suggesting that DspB could be a valuable agent for biological control of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum infection in crop plants. 相似文献
16.
Mohamed Béchir Allagui Philippe Lepoivre 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(9):887-894
Isolates of Phytophthora from pepper, produced in Tunisia, were characterised according to molecular and pathogenicity criteria. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the ITS1 region in the ribosomal DNA resulted in different sized fragments. The pepper isolates and P. nicotianae yielded a fragment of 310bp that distinguished it from P. capsici with a fragment of 270bp. The ribosomal RNA gene amplicons of both internal transcribed spacers and the 5.8 S of the pepper Phytophthora and P. nicotianae were digested with 8 endonucleases. The patterns generated, with the 2 enzymes that cut, were identical for both taxa. This molecular analysis corroborated the morphological and biological characteristics and suggests strongly that the isolates of Phytophthora from pepper belong to the species P. nicotianae. Inoculation of pepper, tomato, eggplant and tobacco plants with the isolates of P. nicotianae from pepper showed they were highly pathogenic on pepper but not on tobacco, while their pathogenicity was weak on tomato and eggplant and was associated with atypical symptoms not observed in the field. These pathogenicity tests suggest that pepper isolates of P. nicotianae are particularly adapted to their host and may thus constitute a forma specialis of P. nicotianae. 相似文献
17.
Distinguishing sporulating and nonsporulating lesions as a method for evaluating the resistance of sugarcane genotypes to orange rust 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A. S. Moreira A. F. Nogueira‐Júnior C. R. N. B. Gonçalves N. A. Souza A. Bergamin Filho 《Plant pathology》2018,67(8):1680-1686
Sugarcane breeding programmes rank the resistance of genotypes to Puccinia kuehnii, causal agent of orange rust, according to levels of disease severity. However, during the screening stages, this method of assessment can lead to precipitous elimination of genotypes with promising agronomic traits but showing mild symptoms of rust such as flecks or lesions that do not produce spores. This study aimed to propose a new method to classify the resistance of sugarcane genotypes to orange rust by counting sporulating lesions. Five sugarcane varieties with different levels of resistance to P. kuehnii were inoculated with two pathogen populations under controlled conditions. The disease severity (SEV), total number of lesions (TNL), and total number of sporulating lesions (TNSL) were evaluated in a 20 cm leaf fragment from the most diseased leaf. The TNL and TNSL evaluations were performed at 11, 16 and 21 days after inoculation (DAI) and SEV at 21 DAI. The thresholds of 80% and 8% of sporulating lesions (SL) separated susceptible from the intermediate varieties and intermediate from the resistant ones, respectively. It is proposed that the method of counting sporulating lesions be used in screening genotypes for resistance to P. kuehnii in sugarcane breeding programmes. 相似文献
18.
Jie Li Rongyue Zhang Yinhu Li Chaohua Long Wengfeng Li Hongli Shan Wenjie Lu Yingkun Huang 《Plant pathology》2023,72(1):89-99
Brown stripe disease is a severe foliar fungal disease of sugarcane worldwide and is widespread in all sugarcane planting areas in China. Brown stripe is a major disease that seriously affects the output and quality of the sugarcane industry in Yunnan Province, China's second-largest sugar base, while the pathogen of this disease remains not yet fully understood. To address this, we isolated and identified the fungi associated with 68 leaf samples showing typical symptoms of brown stripe from 22 sugarcane varieties in different areas of Yunnan Province. A total of 113 isolates were obtained, which were morphologically similar. Of these, 64 representative isolates were sequenced for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), GAPDH and EF-1α loci. All representative isolates grouped with the type strain of Bipolaris setariae in the phylogenetic trees inferred with individual and concatenated sequences of ITS, GAPDH and EF1-α. Pathogenicity test results showed that B. setariae strains were able to induce typical symptoms of brown stripe. The results obtained in this study clarify that only B. setariae is associated with sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, China. It is recorded here for the first time as a pathogen causing sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, and it is able to infect many major cultivars and new varieties, posing a new threat to the sugar industry in Yunnan Province. In addition, these results provide the scientific basis for the future breeding of disease-resistant varieties and effective prevention and control of sugarcane brown stripe disease. 相似文献
19.
山东省烟草黑胫病菌生理小种研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
1982-1984年该省14个主要产烟县采集分离出烟草黑胫病菌104个菌系.接种方法试验表明,用游动孢子悬浮液注射接10叶期烟苗的烟茎或茎基部对于鉴定该菌的生理小种是比较好的方法.根据各菌系在L8、NC1071和NiCotiananudicaulis上的病害反应划分生理小种。结果是供试的104个菌系中有两个菌系为生理小种1号,约占1.9%;另有两个菌系虽不是0、1和3号小种,但是否为2号小种,还是其他小种,有待进一步研究;其余的菌系为0号小种,约占供试菌系的96.2%,目前为该省优势小种. 相似文献
20.
D. J. Allen 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(1):42-46
Abstract A zebra disease resistance factor has been incorporated into the high-yielding Agave hybrid no. 11648 by crossing this hybrid with A. lespinassei. The progeny of three crosses have been screened for resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae, the chief pathogen of zebra disease and results show that 56.7% of the plants have sufficient resistance to be of economic value. The two screening techniques used are described, and the nature of the resistance factor discussed. 相似文献