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1.
粉拟青霉南北株系和白僵菌主要生理特性及毒力的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在 2 5℃条件下 ,粉拟青霉 (Paecilomycesfarinosus)南北株系和白僵菌 (Beauveiabassiana)在水滴中的孢子萌发率分别为 79 8%、6 7 2 %和 78 4%。而当RH为 90 %以下时 ,孢子萌发率急剧下降 ,白僵菌分生孢子萌发最适温度为 2 5℃ ,粉拟青霉均为 2 0℃ ;15℃以上时 ,S -Pf菌株萌发率高于N -Pf菌株 ,15℃以下相反。在PDA培养基上 ,粉拟青霉南北株系产孢量基本相同 ;N -Pf最适生长温度 ;产孢温度为 2 0～ 2 5℃ ;S -Pf则为 2 0℃ ;在 2 0℃以上 ,Bb对马尾松毛虫的感染率高于粉拟青霉 ,但在 15℃以下 ,粉拟青霉则明显高于白僵菌。 相似文献
2.
利用来自不同地域的淡紫拟青霉的13个菌株，分别用其孢子液处理南方根结线虫分散卵粒、菌丝处理分散卵粒、孢子液处理卵囊以评价淡紫拟青霉对南方根结线虫的寄生性。在被试所有菌株中，同一菌株三种不同方法对根结线虫卵的寄生率相比，孢子液处理卵囊均明显高于其他两种处理。不同菌株对南方根结线虫卵的寄生率有很大的差异。三种处理方法结果显示618号菌株寄生率均为最高。菌株对卵的寄生率与菌株地理来源无明显相关性。 相似文献
3.
不同病原菌对光肩星天牛致病力测定及应用技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
不同病原真菌对光肩星天牛Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａ ｇｌａｂｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ（Ｍｏｔｓｃｈ）幼虫致病力的测定表明：粉拟青霉９１０１、球孢白僵菌Ｚ２８ 和卵孢白僵菌寄生率均为１００％ ,粉拟青霉Ｚ２６为８７．５％ 。各种菌对光肩星天牛的最适致死温度是：粉拟青霉Ｚ２６ １５℃～２０℃;粉拟青霉９１０１ １５℃～２５℃;球孢白僵菌Ｚ２８ ２０℃～３０℃。用自己分离所得的球孢白僵菌Ｚ２８,粉拟青霉Ｚ２６,以含孢量４ 亿孢子／ｍ ｌ＋ ０．０２％ 增效剂做林间塞孔防治试验,每种处理与对照相比差异极显著。球孢白僵菌Ｚ２８１～３ 次／年处理间无明显差异,防治效果达９３．４４％ ～９７．２５％ 。粉拟青霉Ｚ２６１～３ 次／年处理间无明显差异,防治效果在９２．９２％ ～９６．５５％ 。两种菌混合塞孔,以１～３次／年处理间无差异,防效达９３．６４％ ～９６．４８％ 。每株树所用菌剂成本为０．０２元。 相似文献
4.
粉质拟青霉Paecilomyces farinosus (Dicks.ex.Fr.)Brown et Smith是竹织叶野螟越冬幼虫的重要病原菌,林间自然发病率为23.08％～42.84％。用5.5×10~6/ml孢子悬液感染越冬幼虫,死亡率达91.7％。在24～26℃下,病程约10～14d。林间罹病虫尸上,可见粉质拟青霉被寄生黑孢壳Melanospora parasitica Tulasne寄生。本文还从病原菌的生理性质及侵染环境的角度,讨论了疾病的流行条件和病原菌利用的前景。 相似文献
5.
应用拟青霉等真菌防治油松毛虫 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文讨论了应用粉拟青霉(Paecilomyces farinosus)以及球孢白僵菌(Be-auveria bassiana)防治越冬油松毛虫(Dendrolimus tabulaes formis)。该虫在石块下、土缝、草丛或落叶层中越冬,而这些地方具有较高的湿度,适宜真菌侵染。上述两种真菌的孢子在5℃下可以萌发,粉拟青霉比白僵菌更适宜低温,因此适宜用来防治越冬油松松毛虫。秋季施撒于林地石块下的上述真菌制剂,过冬后在次年春季采回,经平板稀释培养计数,其中活孢子含量只稍有降低。在越冬期间,施撒菌剂的林地,越冬松毛虫死亡率约为70％。 相似文献
6.
光肩星天牛幼虫病原真菌—粉拟青霉的分离与鉴定 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对肖肩星天牛Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａ ｇｌａｂｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ的天敌种类和自然死亡率调查研究，从罹病死亡的幼虫虫体上分离出一种真菌菌株，做室内致病力测定，寄生死亡率达８８．８９％。再分离后，所得菌种与接种用菌种完全相同，经鉴定为粉拟青霉菌Ｐａｅｃｉｌｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｆａｒｉｎｏｓｕｓ。此菌的最适生长温度是１５℃－２５℃。 相似文献
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8.
[目的]为了明确四川核桃褐斑病的病原菌及其发病规律。[方法]采用组织分离法,对四川中江核桃果园自然发病的核桃病原菌进行分离,并回接检测分离物的致病性;结合孢子形态学、ITS序列和gdp序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定;同时对核桃褐斑病的发病规律进行了调查。[结果]分离得到6种真菌,回接只有菌株ZJ5能使核桃发病;孢子形态和多序列比较分析将菌株ZJ5鉴定为链格孢菌;调查明确了核桃褐斑病的发病规律。[结论]本文首次报道了四川核桃褐斑病病原菌为链格孢菌,并揭示了该病原菌的发病规律。 相似文献
9.
从受侵染的美国白蛾蛹体内分离出白僵菌菌落,并对该白僵菌菌落进行纯化,获得白僵菌纯菌落。采用生长速率法和悬滴法研究了不同湿度、紫外线、营养液和不同培养基对球孢白僵菌Bb01菌株营养生长和孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,球孢白僵菌Bb01菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最适温度为25℃,在此温度下,15h孢子萌发率在100%;在湿度为100%的条件下菌丝生长良好,孢子萌发率高;经紫外线照射18h孢子萌发率在0%～17.00%范围内,而对菌丝生长影响不大。 相似文献
10.
研究淡紫拟青霉T-DNA插入突变体,鉴定突变体的表型特征,为淡紫拟青霉致病机制分析及致病相关的基因克隆奠定基础。PCR检测筛选的14株T-DNA插入突变体,观察和测定菌落形态,菌落生长速率,产孢量,孢子萌发率和菌丝干质量等生物学性状,并比较突变体致病力。结果表明突变体均含有beta-tubulin基因序列,T-DNA已整合进入野生型菌株20-7的基因组中。通过与野生型菌株对比,发现突变体菌落形态发生了不同程度的改变。菌落生长速率明显增大的菌株占全部菌株的85.71%,只有BN-11菌株的菌落生长速率降低。产孢量显著变大的菌株有BN-11和BN-12,为菌株总数的14.29%。孢子萌发率发生改变的菌株占78.57%。菌丝干质量发生明显增大和减少的菌株都占全部突变体的21.43%。筛选获得了1株致病力增强的突变体BN-11和11株致病力显著降低的突变体。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献