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Objectives : To begin to determine the significance of various dog welfare issues as perceived by veterinary practitioners. Methods : Using an online questionnaire, respondents were asked how frequently they were made aware of 12 welfare issues and how important they felt each one was for each dog affected. Respondents were also asked how much they agreed with statements that the veterinary practitioners in their area, and the veterinary profession, should do more about each issue. Results : Responses were received from 59 practitioners. The most frequently noted problems were “obesity”, “chronic pain/poor mobility” and “breed‐related conditions”. The most important issues for each dog affected were “lack of treatment for suffering”, “abuse or active cruelty” and “malnutrition”. “Breed‐related conditions”, “obesity” and “behavioural problems” were the issues for which there was greatest agreement that veterinary practitioners should do more, both in their area and as a profession. Clinical Significance : This pilot study suggests that the veterinary profession believes that obesity, breed‐related conditions and behavioural problems are important concerns, and that more should be done about them. Although these results cannot be taken as definitive from a study of this size, it does provide a background for such further work involving companion dog welfare and the veterinary profession. 相似文献
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del Rocio Amezcua M Pearl DL Friendship RM McNab WB 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2010,74(4):241-251
Practicing veterinarians play an important role in detecting the initial outbreak of disease in animal populations. A pilot study was conducted to determine the feasibility of a veterinary-based surveillance system for the Ontario swine industry. A total of 7 practitioners from 5 clinics agreed to submit information from July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008. The surveillance program was evaluated in terms of timeliness, compliance, geographic coverage, and data quality. Our study showed that the veterinary-based surveillance system was acceptable to practitioners and produced useful data. The program obtained information from 25% of pig farms in Ontario during this time period. However, better communication with practitioners, more user-friendly recording systems that can be adapted to each clinic's management system, active involvement of the clinics' technical personnel, and the use of financial incentives may help to improve compliance and timeliness. 相似文献
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In a survey of uk veterinary practitioners, 96 per cent indicated that they performed ovariohysterectomy on cats via flank laparatomy rather than a midline coeliotomy. At a veterinary teaching hospital 32 cats were spayed by the midline approach and 34 by the flank approach, by undergraduate students under the continuous supervision of a veterinary surgeon. The duration of each part of the procedures was recorded and information was obtained from the students, the supervisors and the owners of the cats by means of questionnaires. The total duration of the surgery and the students' assessment of the difficulty of the surgery were not significantly different between the two groups. The time taken from the skin incision to entering the peritoneum was significantly longer with the flank approach, but finding the uterus took significantly longer with the midline approach. There was a high incidence of wound complications, in the form of swelling, redness or discharges, but the only statistically significant difference between the groups was a greater incidence of discharges in the cats spayed via the flank (five cases) than in the cats spayed via the midline (one case). 相似文献
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《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(9):1422-1425
The education of future swine veterinarians will require a team approach from academic institutions, private practitioners, and the pork industry Students will need to be active participants in their education. University and college administration, faculty, industry, government, professional organizations, and private practitioners will all need to provide the leadership and financial framework to support the future of veterinary education related to swine. 相似文献
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E H McCauley D R Berdie J F Anderson D W Johnson 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1975,166(6):610-613
In 1970, the College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Minnesota started an externship program as part of their large animal clinical education program. The basic idea was to work in cooperation with practitioners, using their practice world as a teaching resource. During the 1973-1974 school year, this program was evaluated by the University of Minnesota Measurement Services Center. In this externship program, senior year students spend 1 or 2 weeks in practice that closely matches each student's career interest, eg, cow-calf, dairy, swine, or zoo. The participating veterinarians are charged with the responsibility of performing as teachers during the field experience and of assisting the student in preparing a seminar topic. This seminar topic is presented in a discussion format during the spring quarter to other externship students, faculty, and attending practitioners. Since 1970, a total of 176 students have taken externships, and every year 15 to 20 group practices have participated. The principal evaluation results were based on questionnaire responses from 36 students and 20 practices during the 1973-1974 academic year. Students and practitioners indicated that the externship had been a beneficial experience for them. Many felt that the period of externship should have been longer. In general, practitioners agreed that students were able to manage most diagnostic situations and manipulative procedures that occurred during the externship. The seminar was judged by students and practitioners to be a valuable part of the program, and faculty who participated in the seminar believed that it made them more aware of field situations facing practicing veterinarians. 相似文献
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Paul MA Appel M Barrett R Carmichael LE Childers H Cotter S Davidson A Ford R Keil D Lappin M Schultz RD Thacker E Trumpeter JL Welborn L;American Animal Hospital Association Canine Vaccine Task Force 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2003,39(2):119-131
The AAHA has undertaken the development of this document in an effort to inform veterinary practitioners, clarify misunderstandings held by veterinarians, and encourage practitioners to recognize that immunization of patients is a medical procedure. As such, it is bound by the same tenets that govern the recommendation of other medical procedures-principally, that it be tailored to the needs of the individual patient. Many diseases we immunize against are ubiquitous. Many are serious and some even life threatening. Some are of limited demographic concern given the exposure risk for each patient. These factors have all been considered in developing the AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines. In the end, each veterinarian must do what he or she determines to be in the best interest of the patient. Vaccination of individual animals produces not only individual immunity but also population or herd immunity. Since we have no readily available and reliable way to determine if each patient has developed an adequate immune response, we encourage the practice philosophy of vaccinating more patients while vaccinating each patient no more than needed. 相似文献
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The two key aims of this research were: (i) to conduct a probabilistic elicitation to quantify the variation in veterinarians' beliefs regarding the efficacy of systemic antibiotics when used as an adjunct to intra-mammary dry cow therapy and (ii) to investigate (in a Bayesian statistical framework) the strength of future research evidence required (in theory) to change the beliefs of practising veterinary surgeons regarding the efficacy of systemic antibiotics, given their current clinical beliefs. The beliefs of 24 veterinarians in 5 practices in England were quantified as probability density functions. Classic multidimensional scaling revealed major variations in beliefs both within and between veterinary practices which included: confident optimism, confident pessimism and considerable uncertainty. Of the 9 veterinarians interviewed holding further cattle qualifications, 6 shared a confidently pessimistic belief in the efficacy of systemic therapy and whilst 2 were more optimistic, they were also more uncertain. A Bayesian model based on a synthetic dataset from a randomised clinical trial (showing no benefit with systemic therapy) predicted how each of the 24 veterinarians' prior beliefs would alter as the size of the clinical trial increased, assuming that practitioners would update their beliefs rationally in accordance with Bayes' theorem. The study demonstrated the usefulness of probabilistic elicitation for evaluating the diversity and strength of practitioners' beliefs. The major variation in beliefs observed raises interest in the veterinary profession's approach to prescribing essential medicines. Results illustrate the importance of eliciting prior beliefs when designing clinical trials in order to increase the chance that trial data are of sufficient strength to alter the clinical beliefs of practitioners and do not merely serve to satisfy researchers. 相似文献
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All practicing veterinarians working with herds and flocks are consulted on animal population problems. These problems may reflect diseases with high morbidity or high mortality rates or other events that impair productivity. In either case, the ultimate goal of the veterinary practitioner is to control the problem and to prevent its recurrence, while keeping the cost of interventional strategies at a minimum. A systematic approach to outbreak investigation is a successful means of achieving the objectives of control and prevention. This approach, although described in a stepwise manner, is not meant to be rigidly applied, but rather should serve as a guide for the investigator. Structured investigations facilitate the efforts of both inexperienced and veteran practitioners. Otherwise, experienced practitioners might develop biased conclusions owing to a specific area of expertise or interest, or because of the influence of previous experience with similar cases. The veterinarian should assume a leadership role in outbreak investigation and should not hesitate to consult with specialists if needed. Although all population problems do not warrant a thorough investigation, the systematic approach just presented, when used for complex problems, increases the probability of establishing definitive, accurate conclusions. 相似文献
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J. R. Gold 《Equine Veterinary Education》2017,29(5):249-251
The case report in this issue by Woodford et al. (2017) describes the surgical management of an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt in a 5‐week old miniature foal. Only a handful of reports exist in the literature describing surgical procedures for repair of these congenital abnormalities in foals. One of the important aspects of the accompanying case report was the multidisciplinary approach taken in handling, imaging and surgical repair of the extrahepatic shunt. Small animal internal medicine specialists and surgeons diagnose portosystemic shunts much more frequently than equine veterinarians, regardless of whether they are general practitioners or specialists. It is therefore important to work as a team with small and large animal practitioners. The case described by Woodford et al. (2017) had a positive outcome. 相似文献
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There is an evidence base in human and small animal veterinary health care contexts which understands how practitioners engage in partnership working with patients and owners to support adherence to treatment/care plans. However, as yet, it is believed there is no similar evidence base for how practitioners in equine health care contexts work with equine owners. It is argued that this is essential for understanding complex equine practitioner-owner interaction involving the prevention and management of laminitis. The aim of this study was to explore farrier-client interaction where risk management for an equine recovering from laminitis was being undertaken. A case report method involved a microlevel analysis of a farrier-client consultation. The consultation was video-recorded and analyzed using a conversation analysis approach to identify the linguistic and paralinguistic features of the interaction. These were compared with conversation analyses in other health care contexts to identify the actions being accomplished within the consultation. The analysis identified a number of joint actions, including managing epistemic stance (or knowledge rights) and deploying the animal’s presence to navigate problem sequences which supported progression of the consultation through a three-stage model involving “team-”, “option-”, and “decision-” talk, known to be associated with partnership working in human health care contexts. The study highlights the importance of developing an empirical evidence base in equine practice for how practitioners engage with owners based on a microlevel analysis of real-world interactions. It is argued this evidence base is necessary in supporting effective practitioner training in partnership working with clients to promote their adherence to treatment/care plans. 相似文献
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Kendal E. Harr Bente Flatland Mary Nabity Kathleen P. Freeman 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2013,42(4):424-436
As all laboratory equipment ages and contains components that may degrade with time, initial and periodically scheduled performance assessment is required to verify accurate and precise results over the life of the instrument. As veterinary patients may present to general practitioners and then to referral hospitals (both of which may each perform in‐clinic laboratory analyses using different instruments), and given that general practitioners may send samples to reference laboratories, there is a need for comparability of results across instruments and methods. Allowable total error (TEa) is a simple comparative quality concept used to define acceptable analytical performance. These guidelines are recommendations for determination and interpretation of TEa for commonly measured biochemical analytes in cats, dogs, and horses for equipment commonly used in veterinary diagnostic medicine. TEa values recommended herein are aimed at all veterinary settings, both private in‐clinic laboratories using point‐of‐care analyzers and larger reference laboratories using more complex equipment. They represent the largest TEa possible without generating laboratory variation that would impact clinical decision making. TEa can be used for (1) assessment of an individual instrument's analytical performance, which is of benefit if one uses this information during instrument selection or assessment of in‐clinic instrument performance, (2) Quality Control validation, and (3) as a measure of agreement or comparability of results from different laboratories (eg, between the in‐clinic analyzer and the reference laboratory). These guidelines define a straightforward approach to assessment of instrument analytical performance. 相似文献
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Reasons for performing study: Assessing patients' quality of life (QOL) is a core part of clinical decision making. Various methodologies for assessing patients' QOL have been developed in human medicine and small animal veterinary disciplines. In contrast, the lack of aids for QOL assessment in equine veterinary practice leaves practitioners reliant on subjective assessments of QOL, which may be prone to avoidable errors. Objectives: This paper suggests pragmatic ways in which QOL may be enhanced, while remaining appropriate for the time, financial and owner‐based constraints within equine practice. Methods: Through interdisciplinary research, this paper identifies, adapts and applies insights from several areas of research and practical experience in order to develop an overarching approach to making QOL‐based decisions in clinical cases. Results: The paper identifies 6 steps involved in QOL‐based decision making and provides examples of how these steps may be practically applied. These include deciding what each clinician feels is important; deciding how to evaluate it, including taking owners' views into consideration; making decisions about each case and achieving the desired clinical outcomes. Conclusions: Practitioners can draw their own conclusions on how they may improve QOL assessment in practice and may usefully share these with colleagues. Reporting cases and sharing practical examples of QOL tools used on the ground are vital to the development of this field and appropriate methodologies. Potential relevance: Improvements in QOL assessment are relevant to all areas of equine veterinary practice, and several areas of research. Further research may develop QOL assessment in practice, but more important are the personal improvements that each practitioner may achieve. See also correspondence by Grove 相似文献
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Chronic pain is a widely recognised problem in humans and is being increasingly recognised as a significant problem in dogs. Whilst a large number of therapies are described and utilised to treat chronic pain in dogs, there is a severe shortage of evidence to guide practitioners in selection of treatments. Until more evidence becomes available, practitioners should adopt a cautious approach, utilising licensed treatments first when possible. Non‐pharmacological therapies should be incorporated into the chronic pain management plan whenever possible. Given the probable prevalence of chronic pain in dogs there is an urgent need for research to identify effective treatments. 相似文献
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Elbers AR Gorgievski-Duijvesteijn MJ van der Velden PG Loeffen WL 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(9):340-345
Outbreaks of Classical Swine Fever (CSF) occurred in spring 2006 in Germany close to the Dutch border. On 6th April Dutch pig farmers were given the possibility to submit blood samples directly via their veterinary practitioner to the National Reference Laboratory for CSF if their pigs had non-specific clinical symptoms or if pigs were being treated with antibiotics. The pig farm was not quarantined and was not visited by the veterinary authorities. Over a period of 9 weeks 156 pig farmers submitted whole blood samples via 50 different veterinary practices. All samples tested negative in the PCR test. These pig farmers and veterinary practitioners were asked to respond to a postal questionnaire with questions regarding their experience with this new diagnostic possibility, the distribution of the costs involved, a comparison with other instruments, such as official notification or use of a leukocyte count test, and their knowledge of clinical signs of CSF. 65 pig farmers (42%) and 33 veterinary practices (66%) returned the questionnaire. The main results indicated that pig farmers (72%) would use this type of exclusion diagnostics sooner than that they would approach the veterinary authorities (practitioners: 86%). Moreover the respondents considered the fact that the farm was not quarantined immediately to be an advantage (pig farmers, 79%; practitioners, 88%). 32 percent of the pig farmers were not aware that they were required to submit blood samples if pigs were being treated with antibiotics (practitioners: 11%). The majority of pig farmers and practitioners were not satisfied with the current distribution of the costs involved: in their opinion the costs of the PCR test, the costs of the veterinary practitioner and the costs for shipping the samples to the reference laboratory should be paid out of the Animal Health Fund (50% government and 50% industry) or by the government. If the current distribution of the costs is not changed, a large proportion of the pig farmers indicated that they would not use this form of exclusion diagnostics for CSF in the future. Pig farmers appeared to have a rather limited knowledge of the clinical signs of CSF: 33% of the pig farmers could mention maximally three clinical signs of CSF, and 7% could not mention a single clinical sign of CSF and said they were entirely dependent on the practitioners' ability to judge a CSF-suspect situation. 相似文献
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D R Hustead 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2001,31(3):539-56, vii
Although most veterinarians look at vaccine labels each day, they rarely see them. When practitioners sense a need to read labels, they find that the labeling answers some of their basic questions but that these labels often fail to address many relevant issues. In addition, veterinarians find that the issues addressed are often presented simplistically and that the labels are sometimes just wrong. This article addresses what practitioners need to do to better understand the products most of them use on a daily basis. 相似文献
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In this pilot study, the manner and effectiveness of advice given by four cattle practitioners was investigated during health management visits to 34 dairy farms. Farmers were asked about their satisfaction with the advice given, and an independent observer evaluated the manner in which practitioners carried out the farm visit. There were no major differences between the cattle practitioners, but there were minor differences in the way practitioners gave advice, in the duration of the herd visit, and in the subjects talked about. The farmers were positive about the manner in which advice was given and its effect. The method used in this pilot study could be used to gain insight into the manner in which veterinary advice is given by veterinary practitioners and veterinary practices, and may contribute to improving the quality of veterinary services provided. 相似文献
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Vandeweerd JM Vandeweerd S Gustin C Keesemaecker G Cambier C Clegg P Saegerman C Reda A Perrenoud P Gustin P 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2012,39(2):142-151
Understanding how veterinary practitioners make clinical decisions, and how they use scientific information to inform their decisions, is important to optimize animal care, client satisfaction, and veterinary education. We aimed to develop an understanding of private practitioners' process of decision making. On the basis of a grounded-theory qualitative approach, we conducted a telephone survey and semi-structured face-to-face interviews. We identified a decision-making framework consisting of two possible processes to make decisions, five steps in the management of a clinical case, and three influencing factors. To inform their decision, veterinary surgeons rarely take the evidence-based medicine (EBM) approach. They consult first-opinion colleagues, specialists, laboratories, and the Internet rather than scientific databases and peer-reviewed literature, mainly because of limited time. Most interviewees suggested the development of educational interventions to better develop decision-making skills in veterinary schools. Adequate information and EBM tools are needed to optimize the time spent in query and assessment of scientific information, and practitioners need to be trained in their use. 相似文献