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1.
阔叶猕猴桃抗生素敏感性及遗传转化的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以阔叶猕猴桃(Actinidia latifolia)叶片为外植体,研究了各种抗生素对形态分化和器官形成的影响,并以叶盘为受体,通过根癌农杆菌介导法获得了抗性愈伤组织和抗性芽,组织化学染色表明gus基因已在植物组织中表达。研究结果表明,对不定芽分化来说,头孢霉素(Cef)效果明显好于羧苄青霉素(Carb)。Cef浓度为300mg.L-1时效果最好,再生频率达100%,平均再生芽数达最大为9.76个芽/外植体。生根过程中高浓度的Cef(≥200mg.L-1)明显抑制生根,而Carb对生根没有显著影响。在卡那霉素(Kan)和Carb组合处理中,Carb对生根没有显著影响,但Kan明显抑制生根。随着Kan浓度的升高,生根率和平均根数迅速减少,当浓度升高到50mg.L-1时,生根完全被抑制。因此,农杆菌介导的阔叶猕猴桃遗传转化中愈伤组织和不定芽诱导过程宜选用300mg.L-1Cef来抑制农杆菌生长,Kan筛选的临界浓度为20mg.L-1。在抗性芽生根过程中Kan浓度应该控制在50mg.L-1以内,并改用Carb作为杀菌剂,生根效果会更好。该研究确定了农杆菌介导的阔叶猕猴桃叶片遗传转化中使用抗生素的种类和用量,为通过基因工程对阔叶猕猴桃进行遗传改良奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为了进一步改良火龙果品种,提高产量,以红皮红肉型火龙果紫红龙幼嫩茎段为试材,通过不同植物生长调节剂及浓度配比筛选出适宜火龙果愈伤组织诱导、不定芽再生及生根成苗的培养基,以建立稳定、快速、高效的火龙果再生体系.结果表明:高浓度的TDZ有利于茎段愈伤组织的形成,但不利于不定芽的再生,纵接比横接更利于愈伤组织和丛生芽的诱导,TDZ、2,4-D和NAA 3种生长调节剂通过正交试验筛选的愈伤组织和丛生芽诱导的最适培养基为:MS +2,4-D 1.0 mg·L-1 +TDZ0.4 mg·L-1+ NAA 0.5 mg· L-,愈伤组织诱导率为89.1％,丛生芽诱导率高达94.0％;生根诱导最适培养基为MS+ CCC 0.5 mg· L-1+6-BA 3.0 mg· L-1+ AC 200 mg· L-1,生根率达到97％,平均根数7.0条每株,平均根长达10.3 cm. 相似文献
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江南牡丹茎段愈伤组织诱导与植株再生 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为探讨不同培养基、不同植物生长调节剂对江南牡丹茎段愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的影响,本研究以江南牡丹凤丹幼嫩茎段为材料,通过愈伤组织途径建立了植株再生体系。结果表明:改良MS培养基为牡丹茎段愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基,愈伤组织最高诱导率为93.3%,最佳的培养基组合为改良MS+2,4-D0.2mg·L-1+6-BA2.0 mg·L-1+NAA0.3 mg·L-1。在愈伤组织分化过程中,加入KT0.2mg·L-1效果最好,有机物也能促进愈伤组织分化,其中加入水解酪蛋白300 mg·L-1效果最佳。牡丹茎段愈伤组织分化培养基为改良MS+KT0.2 mg·L-1+6-BA0.3 mg·L-1+NAA0.1 mg·L-1,分化率为37.8%,牡丹愈伤组织不定芽在1/2MS+IBA0.2 mg·L-1条件下能够诱导生根,诱导率为最高的13.3%。本研究结果将为进一步开展江南牡丹的高效再生体系和转基因育种等研究提供技术支持和理论依据。 相似文献
5.
花药培养是进行植物脱毒和获取单倍体的有效方法。为提高草莓花药培养的再生效率,采用低温和黑暗的方式对草莓花药进行预处理,以不同种类和浓度的激素诱导诱导愈伤组织形成、不定芽形成与增殖。结果表明,培养前低温处理可促进愈伤组织形成,以4℃低温处理72h的效果最好。但花药黑暗预处理对愈伤组织形成没有作用。较高浓度的2,4-D(MS+1.0mg·L-16-BA+2.0mg·L-12,4-D)最适合诱导且促进花药愈伤组织形成,有助于下一步分化培养。而NAA对不定芽分化起着重要作用,诱导成功率达到10%以上,其中以MS+1.0mg·L-16-BA+0.2mg·L-1NAA诱导效果最好。在添加NAA的基础上再加入KT也能提高不定芽分化率。不定芽增殖过程不宜添加过高浓度的细胞分裂素和生长素,以MS+0.7mg·L-16-BA+0.1mg·L-1NAA诱导增殖效率最高,激素浓度过高时易出现玻璃化,现象,形成畸形苗。本研究建立了高效的草莓花药培养再生体系,为获得无病毒草莓苗和单倍体提供了条件。 相似文献
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《农业研究与应用》2016,(1)
研究东方百合"甜梦"品种花器官的组织培养,为"甜梦"百合种球生产产业化提供技术支持。以"甜梦"花器官为外植体诱导愈伤组织,以MS添加不同浓度6-BA为愈伤组织分化培养基,MS添加不同浓度6-BA及NAA配比为诱导叶片产生不定芽的培养基,MS添加不同浓度糖为结鳞茎培养基,进行组织培养。结果表明:花器官不同部位诱导愈伤组织从易到难为:子房花柱花药花托;愈伤组织分化以MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L培养基较适宜;无菌叶片诱导不定芽以MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基为好;添加60 g/L糖的培养基利于不定芽结鳞茎生根;带鳞茎组培苗可直接移栽于大田菜园土。通过"甜梦"花器官的培养,得到可用于生产的组培苗,该技术可应用于"甜梦"百合种苗工厂化生产。 相似文献
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铁炮百合的胚性愈伤组织诱导和植株再生 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以铁炮百合(又称麝香百合)杂种系品种‘White heaven’的组培苗叶片为外植体,研究了不同种类和浓度的激素对愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的影响,并通过叶片位置、接种方式以及光暗等不同处理进一步优化胚性愈伤组织的诱导。结果表明:以组培苗基部叶片为外植体,采用叶片近轴面向上的接种方式,在MS+1.0mg.L-12,4-D+0.1mg.L-16-BA的培养基上暗培养可诱导出胚性愈伤组织,诱导率可达65.74%;经石蜡切片鉴定可观测到球形胚和心形胚。最佳分化和生根培养基分别为MS+0.1mg.L-1NAA和1/2MS+0.5mg.L-1IBA,分化率达81.48%,生根率达91.67%。结果还显示2,4-D在百合胚性愈伤组织的诱导中起到了关键作用。 相似文献
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为建立高效的黑果枸杞组织培养与遗传转化体系,本研究以黑果枸杞叶片、茎节、茎段为外植体,在含有不同浓度组合的NAA和BAP培养基上进行愈伤组织和不定芽诱导比较;选择黑果枸杞叶片为材料,采用农杆菌介导法,将带有绿色荧光蛋白基因(sGFP)的双元表达载体导入黑果枸杞,探讨侵染时间和抗生素浓度对遗传转化效果的影响。结果表明,黑果枸杞的最适植株再生体系为:以叶片为外植体,MS基本培养基中添加0.5 mg·L-1NAA和0.3 mg·L-1BAP,愈伤组织诱导率为88.56%,不定芽诱导率为54.54%,将不定芽置于1/2MS培养基中进行生根诱导,生根率为95%;稳定高效的遗传转化体系为:农杆菌侵染液OD600为0.25,共培养3 d,卡那霉素(kanamycin)和羧苄西林(carbenicillin)浓度分别为25和250 mg·L-1。愈伤组织和不定芽诱导时经卡那霉素和荧光标记双重选拔,愈伤组织阳性率为85.47%,出芽生根后经PCR鉴定,阳性转化率为29%;利用实时荧光定量PCR检测转基因植株,导入的外源sGFP基因均有较高的表达水平。本研究为利用基因工程技术对黑果枸杞进行品种改良提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
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Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
20.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献