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1.
仿刺参肠多糖对免疫功能的影响及抗肿瘤研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
多糖能参与机体的免疫调节,具有抗肿瘤等多种功能。本实验采用灌胃不同剂量仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠多糖的方法,研究了多糖对小鼠(Mus musculus)免疫功能的影响及其对小鼠的抗肿瘤作用。结果显示,仿刺参肠多糖对接种的H22肿瘤具有剂量依赖性的抑制作用,高剂量组(400mg/kg/d)抑瘤效果最好;胸腺指数高剂量肿瘤组最高(P<0.05),而其他各组差异不明显,脾脏指数在肿瘤组内随着剂量的增大表现为先升高再降低,而空白组呈一直上升的趋势;高剂量多糖可以显著提高荷瘤小鼠和空白小鼠的白介素2(IL-2)含量(P<0.05),对荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量也具有显著提升作用(P<0.05),但对空白组小鼠的TNF-α含量影响不显著;荷瘤小鼠的自然杀伤(NK)细胞活力普遍低于空白小鼠,随灌胃剂量的提升空白小鼠NK细胞活力具有上升趋势,荷瘤小鼠的NK细胞活力在中剂量组达到最高后开始下降。实验表明,仿刺参肠多糖可以促进小鼠的免疫功能,并且对小鼠体内肿瘤在一定剂量范围内具有浓度依赖性的抑制作用。 相似文献
2.
为探索鱿鱼墨黑色素提取物(SIME)对体外培养的肿瘤细胞的抑制效应,通过四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法和划痕试验比较SIME对人结肠癌细胞HCT-116、宫颈癌细胞Hela、肝癌细胞Hep G2、乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和前列腺癌细胞PC-3增殖及细胞迁移能力的影响。结果表明,SIME对肿瘤细胞形态有不同程度的影响,对肿瘤细胞增殖有浓度依赖性抑制作用,并具有抑制肿瘤细胞非定向迁移的作用。SIME对HCT-116和PC-3细胞增殖的抑制作用较好,72 h时两者半数抑制浓度IC50分别为0.144mg·m L~(-1)和0.485 mg·m L~(-1)。由此可见,SIME具有较强的抗肿瘤活性,该研究结果为鱿鱼墨高值化利用提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
3.
为研究~(60)Co-γ射线和电子束辐照对冷鲜鸡微生物含量的影响及肉品品质的异同性,采用2.5k Gy剂量的~(60)Co-γ射线和电子束辐照处理真空包装冷鲜鸡,对其贮藏期内菌落总数、大肠菌群、丙二醛含量、pH值、嫩度、系水力值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值、色度进行测定。结果表明,γ射线和电子束辐照处理均能显著降低冷鲜鸡菌落总数,大肠菌群均未检出;2种辐照处理组冷鲜鸡的丙二醛含量、pH值、TVB-N值在整个贮藏期内均呈上升趋势;与对照组相比,2种辐照处理组均显著提高了冷鲜鸡的L*值和a*值,且电子束处理组显著高于γ射线组,对照组b*值在同一贮藏期显著高于2种辐照处理组。由此可知,~(60)Co-γ射线和电子束辐照均对冷鲜鸡的微生物含量和肉品品质产生了显著影响,这为辐照技术应用于冷鲜鸡保藏提供了理论依据。 相似文献
4.
为探究雅安藏茶茶多糖对~(60)Co-γ射线辐射损伤小鼠抗辐射作用的影响,从雅安藏茶中提取茶多糖,用不同浓度(50、100、200 mg·kg-1·d-1)的茶多糖连续15 d灌胃小鼠,在第6天采用5Gy的~(60)Co-γ射线一次性全身辐照各组小鼠,灌胃第16天测定各组小鼠外周血细胞、肝脏组织总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、总超强氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性和总蛋白(TP)含量等指标。结果表明,与单纯辐照组相比,雅安藏茶茶多糖能显著提高辐照损伤小鼠的外周血细胞数量,极显著提高肝脏组织T-AOC、T-SOD活性和股骨骨髓DNA含量,极显著降低肝脏MDA含量,缓解了免疫器官胸腺的萎缩;且随着茶多糖浓度的增加,其抗辐射作用效果增强。综上,雅安藏茶茶多糖对~(60)Co-γ射线辐照损伤小鼠抗氧化功能和造血功能具有较强的防护作用,且具有一定的剂量效应。本研究结果为进一步深入探究茶多糖防辐射作用机理提供了新参考,也为雅安藏茶辐照保健功效研究提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
5.
影响人参发根皂苷含量基因rolC的克隆与序列分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
摘要：通过发根农杆菌?穴Agrobacterium rhizogenes ?雪与人参?穴Panax ginseng C. A. Mey?雪根外植体共培养，用直接接菌方法诱导出人参发根。培养4周后人参发根的总皂苷含量达到栽培3年生人参皂苷含量的水平，单体皂苷Rb1含量明显提高，说明TL-DNA具有影响人参皂苷生物合成的能力。根据Slightom等RiA4TL-DNA序列分析结果，利用PCR方法从人参发根中扩增并克隆了影响人参皂苷合成的基因rolC。与已发表序列相比较，核苷酸序列的同源性为99.9%。 相似文献
6.
为研究60Co-γ和电子束2种射线的不同剂量对新鲜香菇采后保鲜效果的影响,本试验通过测定鲜香菇的硬度、呼吸强度、电导率、感官品质等指标,筛选2种辐照射线的最优剂量,并对比分析最优辐照处理下香菇细胞的微观结构。结果表明,60Co-γ射线中,2 kGy剂量组香菇硬度降幅为37%,呼吸强度为10.81 mg·kg-1·h-1,相对电导率为0.268%,均小于其他剂量组;电子束射线中,3 kGy剂量组香菇硬度降幅为38%,呼吸强度为10.39 mg·kg-1·h-1,相对电导率为0.241%,均小于其他剂量组。综合感官分析可知, 3 kGy电子束组和2 kGy 60Co-γ射线组香菇的保鲜效果分别优于同类射线其他剂量组。显微分析可知,与2 kGy 60Co-γ射线相比,3 kGy电子束辐照能够较好地保持新鲜香菇的菌丝形态,延缓其进一步降解,从而延长其贮藏期。本研究探索了辐照在香菇保鲜过程中的可行性,为推动电子束辐照技术和60Co-γ辐照技术在香菇保鲜领域的应用提供了可靠的理论依据与技术支持。 相似文献
7.
为探讨高能电子束辐照对麦冬的影响,以川产道地药材麦冬为研究对象,研究不同剂量0 (CK)、2、4、6 kGy电子束辐照对其微生物数量、感官品质、理化品质、活性成分含量及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,电子束辐照能明显降低麦冬中需氧菌、酵母及霉菌总数;此外,所有样品中均未检出大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)及沙门氏菌(Salmonella)。电子束辐照有利于提高麦冬总皂苷含量,对水分、总灰分、水溶性浸出物、总黄酮、总多糖、总酚含量及抗氧化活性均无显著影响(P>0.05)。电子束辐照后麦冬颜色变暗,主要表现为a*值增加。主成分分析(PCA)及线性判别分析(LDA)结果表明,2 kGy电子束辐照剂量对麦冬风味影响较小。综上,2 kGy辐照处理能有效降低麦冬中微生物数量,对其活性成分含量及抗氧化活性无显著影响,能保持麦冬的色泽及风味品质。本研究为电子束辐照技术在麦冬及其制剂的加工应用提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
8.
电子束辐照对大豆品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨电子束辐照对大豆品质的影响,以1.09、2.99、5.76、7.89、8.97 k Gy吸收剂量的电子束对大豆进行辐照处理,研究电子束辐照对大豆含油率、蛋白质含量、氨基酸的组成及含量、酸价、过氧化值、蛋白质溶解度及尿素酶活性的影响。结果表明,电子束辐照对大豆含油率、蛋白含量、氨基酸组成及含量影响较小;5.76 k Gy时,酸价降低了37.3%,8.97 k Gy时过氧化值及尿素酶活性分别降低37.5%和11.36%。综合分析可知,5.76 k Gy是大豆的电子束辐照储藏适宜剂量。本研究结果为电子束辐照在大豆储藏与加工中的应用提供了参考。 相似文献
9.
为探明电子束和γ射线辐照对象拔蚌理化指标和微生物影响的异同性,采用不同剂量的电子束(0、2.1、3.9、6.1、8.0 k Gy)和γ射线(0、2.1、4.2、6.3、8.4 k Gy)辐照真空包装象拔蚌,对其贮藏期内营养成分、p H值、生物胺、菌落总数进行测定。结果表明,利用一定剂量电子束和γ射线辐照均能有效降低象拔蚌的菌落总数,在12 d贮藏期内,2种辐照处理之间菌落总数随辐照剂量的变化趋势以及随贮藏天数的变化趋势无显著差异,其中γ射线的D10=3.2 k Gy,电子束的D10=3.1 k Gy;较之对照,电子束和γ射线辐照对象拔蚌蛋白质、灰分、脂肪和水分含量无显著影响;电子束辐照处理组的p H值在贮藏期内维持在6.80~6.94,而γ射线辐照处理组的p H值维持在6.68~6.92,较之对照组,2种射线辐照处理均可抑制贮藏期内象拔蚌p H值的下降;辐照处理组能够抑制生物胺总量的增长,但电子束和γ射线辐照处理之间,象拔蚌生物胺总量随辐照剂量的变化趋势以及随贮藏天数的变化趋势无显著差别。由此可知,电子束与γ射线辐照均具有应用于象拔蚌鲜食食品加工的潜力,这为辐照应用于象拔蚌提供了科学依据。 相似文献
10.
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献