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~(60)Co-γ射线诱导的小麦基因组DNA的甲基化变异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
诱发突变技术在小麦品种改良中具有重要作用,辐射诱变能通过改变DNA甲基化的方式而影响基因组稳定性。本研究分别采用100和150Gy60Co-γ射线处理小麦品种京411(J411)干种子,利用甲基化敏感扩增多态性技术检测处理后幼根和幼叶基因组甲基化相对水平的变化及甲基化模式的变异规律。结果表明,γ射线处理对幼苗的苗高和根长都有显著抑制作用。与未处理对照比较,处理后小麦幼苗叶片和根部DNA胞嘧啶甲基化相对水平均发生变化,叶片的甲基化相对水平下降,而根中升高。2种处理剂量下,叶片和根的甲基化模式变异均表现为CG位点变化率高于CNG位点变化率。不同位点的甲基化模式变异在诱变后也存在一定的差异。叶片中不同剂量下CG位点和CNG位点的去甲基化率都高于相应位点的甲基化率;根部CNG位点在所有剂量下的去甲基化率都低于相应位点的甲基化率,而CG位点在100Gy剂量下去甲基化率高于相应位点的甲基化率,而在150Gy剂量下的去甲基化率则低于相应位点的甲基化率,反映出同一组织同一位点在不同诱变剂量处理下甲基化模式变异存在一定的差异。 相似文献
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为探究入侵植物黄顶菊在重金属镉(Cd)胁迫下耐受性获得的表观遗传机制,本研究通过网室盆栽试验模拟不同浓度Cd污染生境,采用甲基化敏感扩增多态性(MSAP)技术对不同Cd浓度胁迫[0(CK)、2(Cd-1)、4(Cd-2)和8(Cd-3) mg·kg-1]处理植物叶片基因组DNA甲基化变异特征进行分析。结果表明,15对引物共扩增出726条甲基化条带,且引物多态性百分比为84.75%;随着Cd胁迫浓度的升高,黄顶菊叶片全甲基化和整体甲基化发生比例呈逐渐增加的趋势,Cd-1、Cd-2和Cd-3的全甲基化发生比例分别为CK的1.51、1.95和2.11倍,整体甲基化发生比例分别较CK升高了39.28、53.30和63.97个百分点;不同处理下叶片甲基化状态变化分析结果表明,Cd胁迫下黄顶菊基因组DNA重新甲基化和去甲基化2种甲基化模式均有发生,但以重新甲基化类型为主要变化模式;Cd胁迫下植物表型可塑性与表观遗传相关性分析结果表明,DNA全甲基化和整体甲基化水平与黄顶菊生长指标及地上部耐受性指数的表型可塑性呈显著负相关,与抗氧化酶活性、各组织Cd含量及富集与转移系数呈显著正相关。本研究结果从表观遗传学方向为入侵植物黄顶菊的防控提供了新思路。 相似文献
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乙烯利处理对棉花子叶DNA表观遗传变化的甲基化敏感扩增多态性(MSAP)分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)叶片早衰影响棉花产量和棉纤维质量,而乙烯利是一种重要的植物生长调节剂,对促进植物组织衰老有重要作用。DNA甲基化是表观遗传调控的重要组成部分,在高等植物的基因表达调控中发挥了重要作用。本研究应用甲基化敏感扩增多态性(methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism,MSAP)技术,探讨在不同乙烯利水平处理下,棉花子叶DNA甲基化水平和甲基化变化模式。结果显示,经300、500和700 mg/L乙烯利处理后,棉花子叶DNA甲基化比值分别为32.99%、35.45%和37.49%,都低于对照组(37.92%);和对照组相比,经不同浓度乙烯利处理后,棉花子叶DNA发生甲基化变化位点的比率分别是2.71%、3.63%和4.88%,而去甲基化位点的比率分别为10.66%、9.84%和9.23%,并且随着乙烯利浓度的增加,棉花子叶DNA甲基化位点与去甲基化位点之比逐渐提高;本研究鉴定了17个MSAP差异基因片段,这些片段与NCBI中已知的功能基因存在同源性,包括果胶甲酯酶基因、细胞色素P450、乙醇脱氢酶基因、肌动蛋白解聚因子、翻译延伸因子等和乙烯利诱导棉花子叶衰老相关基因。研究结果提示,在乙烯诱导棉花子叶衰老的进程中,DNA甲基化参与了棉花子叶衰老的调控,为从基因组水平上揭示乙烯诱导棉花衰老的调控机制提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为探究原产地和入侵地飞机草DNA甲基化多态性的变化和氮营养水平对飞机草DNA甲基化多态性的影响,本文用水培法分别培养来自原产地墨西哥和入侵地西双版纳的飞机草(Chromolaena odorata L.),对两地飞机草进行了高氮(315 mg·L-1)、正常(中)氮(210 mg·L-1)和低氮(105 mg·L-1)3种氮水平处理,采用MSAP(甲基化敏感扩增多态性)技术测定试材的DNA甲基化水平。结果表明,无论是原产地还是入侵地的飞机草,在高氮和低氮处理条件下均发生了DNA甲基化水平和模式的改变;且入侵地飞机草DNA甲基化水平高于原产地飞机草,飞机草DNA甲基化水平都随着氮供应水平的升高而升高。本研究为从表观遗传角度揭示外来植物的入侵机制提供依据。 相似文献
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镉胁迫下二倍体和同源四倍体油菜DNA甲基化差异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
二倍体与四倍体在逆境抗性上的差别可以从表观遗传学的角度予以解释。本研究以“矮脚黄”纯合二倍体和同源四倍体油菜为材料,采用DNA甲基化敏感扩增多态性分析（Methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism,MSAP）方法和HDA-GT12TM全自动凝胶毛细管核酸电泳检测技术,在全基因组水平上研究了CdCl2胁迫下油菜二倍体和四倍体DNA序列中CCGG位点的甲基化水平及模式变化特征差异。采用56对引物在4个处理样品中共检测出9 687个基因位点。结果显示,二倍体和四倍体在镉胁迫下,其总甲基化水平、全甲基化水平和半甲基化水平较各自的对照均有一定程度的上升。由此可见,镉胁迫导致四倍体和二倍体甲基化水平的提高,但四倍体基因组在镉胁迫下拥有更高的DNA甲基化水平。DNA甲基化模式分析表明,镉胁迫导致二倍体和四倍体的过甲基化位点数均高于去甲基化位点数,二者在镉胁迫下去甲基化位点数差异不大,但四倍体发生过甲基化的位点数要明显多于二倍体。 相似文献
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低温解除牡丹休眠进程中基因组DNA甲基化敏感扩增多态性(MSAP)分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
DNA甲基化是表观遗传调控的重要组成部分,在真核生物的基因表达调控中发挥了重要作用。本实验研究了感受0、6、12、18和24d4℃低温的牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa)鲁荷红移入温室后的萌动和开花表现,并对其进行了甲基化敏感扩增多态性(methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism,MSAP)分析。结果表明,4℃低温处理18d可解除鲁荷红内休眠,继续增加低温则进入生态休眠阶段。MASP分析表明,牡丹内休眠期间花芽内DNA甲基化程度很高,甲基化位点占总位点比率的60%以上,以半甲基化为主,在低温处理进程中,甲基化水平总体呈下降趋势。与未经低温的对照相比,约50%的位点发生了甲基化模式变化,低温6、12、18和24d去甲基化位点数和比例分别为97(17.1%)、104(18.6%)、148(24.6%)和218(36.1%),过甲基化的位点数分别为197(34.7%)、137(24.6%)、95(15.8%)和79(13.1%)。研究结果提示,DNA甲基化参与了牡丹内休眠的调控。 相似文献
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盐胁迫诱导玉米苗期DNA甲基化变异的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究不同浓度盐处理下玉米叶片DNA甲基化情况,以耐盐玉米自交系黑玉米为材料,利用甲基化敏感扩增多态性(MSAP)技术,分析不同盐浓度胁迫7 d后,玉米苗期叶片胞嘧啶甲基化水平和模式的变化。结果表明,经0(CK)、50、100、150、200、250 mmol·L~(-1)NaCl处理后,基因组DNA甲基化比率分别为52.79%、57.47%、51.98%、47.39%、49.16%、47.06%,其中只有50 mmol·L~(-1)NaCl处理高于CK,其他处理呈降低趋势,去甲基化变化幅度相对较大(1.8%~12.2%);回收差异片段后测序并对序列进行同源比对,结果发现16个甲基化位点涉及植物生长发育的多个基因。本研究结果为玉米耐盐机理的深入研究提供了一定的依据。 相似文献
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植物基因组DNA甲基化的变化是调节基因功能的重要手段,是生物体应对各种胁迫的表观遗传反应.本研究对玉米(Zea mays)高耐纹枯病材料R15和高感纹枯病材料478进行人工接种纹枯病病菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn),利用扫描电镜及数码拍照技术观察病菌侵染自交系R15的病理学变化,结果显示,菌丝主要通过叶鞘部位气孔进行侵染,病斑大小的变化表明病菌对寄主的侵染具有一定的梯度性;利用基因组甲基化敏感扩增多态性(MSAP)技术,采用24对选择性扩增引物对两个抗性不同玉米材料接菌0、6、12和24 h的DNA甲基化模式进行分析,结果显示,两个材料中半甲基化水平均呈上升趋势,且R15变化幅度较大,全甲基化水平呈现先上升后下降的趋势.本研究表明,DNA甲基化与玉米纹枯病抗性反应密切相关,在抗性反应调节系统中可能起重要的作用. 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
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M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
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Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献