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1.
为研究不同LED红蓝光质比对水稻幼苗生长和生理特性的影响,以湘早籼45号为试验材料,通过在白光的基础上添加不同光质比例的红光(主波长662 nm)和蓝光(457 nm),设置T1(白光:蓝光=2:1)、T2(白光:蓝光=1:2)、T3(白光:红光=7:1)、T4(白光:红光=2:1)、T5(白光:红光=3:2)、T6(白光:红光=1:2)共6种不同光质配比,以白光为对照(CK),探究不同光质比对水稻幼苗形态指标和生理特性的影响。结果表明,增加红光比例提高了水稻幼苗株高、倒二叶叶长、叶面积、壮苗指数、地下部鲜重、根总长、根总数、根表面积、叶绿素含量和叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。增加蓝光比例抑制了水稻幼苗的株高、第一叶叶鞘长,但在蓝光作用下水稻幼苗茎基宽、倒二叶叶宽、叶面积、壮苗指数、幼苗生物量、根总长、根总数、根表面积、根体积、叶绿素含量增加。T2的茎基宽和壮苗指数最大,相比CK分别增加了23.1%和51.6%。T3和T4有利于生物量积累以及叶面积和叶片抗氧化酶活性的提高,相比CK,T3和T4叶面积分别提高46.9%和45.6%。综上,LED红光提高了水稻叶片叶面积和抗氧化酶活性,促进幼苗干物质积累和根系系统的发育,蓝光则提高了茎基宽和壮苗指数,对改善水稻幼苗形态和培育壮苗具有重要意义。本研究为优化水稻工厂化育秧光照参数提供了理论依据。 相似文献
2.
LED光质对豌豆苗生长、光合色素和营养品质的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以豌豆苗为材料,采用基质穴盘培养的方法,研究不同LED光质处理(白光、红光、蓝光和红蓝光)对豌豆苗生长、光合色素(叶绿素a、b和类胡萝卜素)含量与营养品质(硝酸盐、维生素C、类黄酮和花青素含量)的影响.结果表明,与白光相比,蓝光与红蓝光处理显著提高了豌豆苗地上部生物量(P＜0.05),而红光对豌豆苗地上部生物量无影响.不同光质处理在豌豆苗根系生物量和总生物量指标上无显著差异.与白光处理相比,红蓝光处理显著提高了豌豆苗叶片中叶绿素a、b的含量(P＜0.05),但对类胡萝卜素含量无影响.在4种处理中,红光处理的叶绿素a含量最低,而蓝光处理的叶绿素b最低.红光和蓝光处理茎叶中类胡萝卜素含量间无差异,均显著低于白光和红蓝光处理(P＜0.05).红蓝光处理显著提高了豌豆苗叶片中维生素C的含量(P＜0.05),而红光和蓝光均无影响.不同光质处理的豌豆苗茎叶中硝酸盐含量和类黄酮含量无差异.白光处理的豌豆苗茎叶中花青素含量最高,蓝光处理最低.总之,蓝光和红蓝光可促进豌豆苗地上部生长,增加叶片叶绿素a、b含量,红蓝光处理可提高豌豆苗叶片维生素C含量;白光和红蓝光处理下豌豆茎叶中类胡萝卜素含量较高,白光处理的豌豆苗茎叶中花青素含量最高.说明蓝光和红蓝光有利于增加豌豆苗菜产量,而白光和红蓝光有利于提高豌豆苗的营养品质. 相似文献
3.
补光时间及光质对温室甜椒生长及产量品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为确定LED补光调节温室甜椒(Capsium annuum L.)产量品质的最优光质及补光时长,以甜椒品种"奥黛丽"为试材,设置红光(R)和蓝光(B)组合(灯珠个数比)2∶1(2R1B)、4∶1(4R1B)、8∶1(8R1B)3种光质,2 (18:00-20:00)、4(18:00-22:00)和8 h(18:00-02:00)3个补光时间;以不补光为对照,研究补光时间及光质对甜椒生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:光质与补光时间对甜椒植株的影响有较大差异,且两者交互作用显著。2R1B光质补光2 h,冠层宽、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量最大,显著高于对照;补光4 h茎粗最大,显著高于对照;补光8 h,硝酸盐含量最低,比对照降低19.4%。4R1B光质补光2 h,株高、根鲜质量、地上部、根及全株干质量最高,显著高于对照;补光8 h,叶面积、单株果实数及单株产量最高,显著高于对照。8R1B光质补光2 h,叶绿素相对含量SPAD(soil and plant analyzer development)值及糖酸比最高,显著高于对照;补光8 h,地上部及全株鲜质量最高,显著高于对照。利用隶属函数法对所有补光处理的产量品质指标及用电量等进行综合评价,由综合得分排序得出,最有利于甜椒栽培的前3种补光组合依次为光质8R1B补光2 h、光质4R1B补光8 h和光质8R1B补光8 h。因此,光质8R1B补光2 h可以作为最适宜当地甜椒栽培的补光组合,该研究结果为日光温室甜椒种植的光调控技术提供理论参考。 相似文献
4.
暗期补光对黄瓜幼苗形态调节效果及综合评价 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
为确定暗期延时补光调节黄瓜幼苗形态的最优光质和补光时长,采用L1(70%R,30%B)、L2(80%R,20%B)、L3(90%R,10%B)L4(100%R)4种发光二极管(light emitting diodes,LED)光源对"津春四号"黄瓜幼苗进行2 h(19:00-21:00)、4 h(19:00-23:00)和6 h(19:00-01:00)时长的暗期延时补光,以无暗期补光为对照,研究暗期延时补光对黄瓜幼苗形态的调节,并利用综合评价法分析暗期延时补光对幼苗形态的影响。结果表明,暗期延时补光时长和补光光质对黄瓜幼苗下胚轴长、苗高和茎粗的交互影响极显著,对幼苗壮苗指数的交互影响显著;L2光质补光4 h幼苗综合评价值最大;L4光质补光可促进前期(一叶期和二叶期)幼苗叶面积和茎粗的增加,L2光质补光可促进后期(成苗期)幼苗叶面积和茎粗的增加,该研究结果为暗期补光培育黄瓜幼苗以及开发光形态调控补光装置提供依据。 相似文献
5.
为探究夜间补光对黄瓜病害防控及植株生长发育的影响,以黄瓜品种津优35号为试验材料,设置UV-C(253.7 nm)、蓝光(460 nm)、蓝光/UV-C(复合光)及不补光(CK)4个处理,研究不同光质处理对黄瓜病害防控和植株生长发育的影响。结果表明,UV-C处理对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果显著好于蓝光/UV-C和蓝光,达到96.01%;不同光质处理对黄瓜霜霉病的防治效果均不明显;UV-C 处理下的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、几丁质酶及β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性和木质素含量均显著高于CK,而蓝光和蓝光/UV-C处理对上述指标无显著作用;各处理对黄瓜植株的株高、茎粗、叶面积等生长指标和产量均无显著影响。本研究结果为温室黄瓜病害防控提供了理论依据。 相似文献
6.
为探明不同光质对杨树幼苗生长的影响,以转基因741杨株系Pb29为试材,利用LED精量调制光源,设置红光、蓝光、红蓝光、白光4个处理,测定不同光质处理下Pb29的Cry1Ac毒蛋白含量、形态指标、光合色素含量及叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明,蓝光处理下的Cry1Ac毒蛋白的表达量最大,白光次之。除了叶片长/宽的值在蓝光处理下最大外,红蓝光处理下的741杨叶片数、叶片长、叶片宽、叶面积及株高均高于其它处理。除叶绿素b的含量在红光处理下最大外,叶绿素a、叶绿素a+b、类胡萝卜素含量及叶绿素a/b比值均在白光处理下最大,红蓝光次之,且白光与红蓝光间无显著差异。叶绿素荧光参数(ΦPSⅡ、ETR、q P)在蓝光和红蓝光处理下高于其它处理,在白光和红蓝光处理下的Fv/Fm高于其它处理,q N在红光处理下最大。由此可知,不同光质对杨树幼苗的生长具有调控作用。本试验结果为深入研究不同光质对杨树的生长发育进行调控提供了科学依据。 相似文献
7.
补光时间及光质对温室甜椒矿质元素吸收与分配的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究发光二极管(LED)补光对温室甜椒矿质元素吸收及分配的影响,以甜椒品种奥黛丽为试材,设置红光(R)和蓝光(B)组合2:1(2R1B)、4:1(4R1B)、8:1(8R1B) 3种光质,2 h(18:00-20:00)、4 h(18:00-22:00)和8 h(18:00-02:00) 3个补光时间,以不补光为对照(CK),研究补光时间及光质对甜椒N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn积累及分配的影响。结果表明,光质与补光时间显著影响矿质元素在甜椒中的积累与分配,且二者存在显著的交互作用。与CK相比,LED补光显著促进了甜椒全株中N、P、K、Ca、Mg和Mn的积累,光质对N、P、K、Mg、Mn积累总量的影响无显著差异,但补光时间会显著影响矿质元素的积累,以补光8 h的元素积累量最高,其N、P、K、Ca、Mg和Mn的单株积累量分别较CK增加51.82%、55.56%、47.55%、50.00%、56.76%和36.23%,补光4 h的N、Ca、Mn积累总量与补光8 h无显著差异。从分配比例来看,与CK相比,补光2 h降低了N、P、Mg、Mn在果实中的分配比,补光4 h提高了N、P、K、Mg、Mn在果实中的积累总量和分配比。综上,光质对甜椒矿质元素的积累量影响较小,LED补光4 h在调控甜椒营养积累与分配上表现最佳。本试验结果为温室栽培甜椒补光调控的营养吸收机制提供了理论参考。 相似文献
8.
不同光质补光对日光温室黄瓜产量与品质的影响 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
本试验采用不同的光质灯(蓝光、红光、UV-A、UV-B)对温室内黄瓜进行定时补光,研究不同补充光质对黄瓜果实Vc、蛋白质、还原糖含量及产量的影响。结果表明UV-B、红光条件下黄瓜Vc含量较UV-A与蓝光高;各处理蛋白质含量顺序为蓝光>UV-A>UV-B>红光;蓝光照射下还原糖含量较红光、UV-A与UV-B高;日光温室内补充UV-A可明显地增加黄瓜的产量。 相似文献
9.
以沟塘底泥为主要原料,添加蚓粪和蛭石,复配成育苗基质,研究其对番茄幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,与市售基质相比,沟塘底泥复配的基质能够显著增加番茄幼苗的叶片数、叶绿素、根粗和茎叶鲜重,显著减小根长和根鲜重,而株高、茎粗、根表面积、根体积、根系活力、根干重、茎叶干重以及壮苗指数等无显著差异。沟塘底泥与蚓粪按8∶1(体积比)混合基质中番茄幼苗的茎粗、根粗、根鲜重、茎叶鲜重、根干重、茎叶干重以及壮苗指数显著大于4∶1体积比的基质,沟塘底泥与蛭石按4∶1(体积比)混合基质中番茄幼苗的株高、根长、根表面积、根鲜重、茎叶鲜重、根干重以及壮苗指数显著大于8∶1(体积比)的基质。沟塘底泥与蚓粪和蛭石按8∶1∶1(体积比)混合的基质与沟塘底泥分别与蚓粪以及蛭石按4∶1(体积比)混合的基质总体上对幼苗生长影响无显著差异。总之,沟塘底泥可以作为基质材料培育番茄幼苗,沟塘底泥中单独添加蚓粪(8∶1)比添加蛭石(4∶1)更有利于番茄幼苗的生长发育。 相似文献
10.
红蓝光质对香椿芽苗菜营养品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以发光二极管（LED）精量调制光质（红光、蓝光和红蓝混合光）,以白光（普通日光灯）为对照,研究红蓝光质对香椿芽苗菜营养品质（氨基酸、维生素C、硝酸盐、粗纤维、总黄酮、单宁）的影响。结果表明：与白光相比,蓝光和红蓝光处理显著提高了香椿芽苗菜氨基酸含量,而红光处理降低了香椿芽苗菜氨基酸含量;3种光质均有利于香椿芽苗菜维生素C 的形成和累积,其促进作用大小依次为蓝光＞红光＞红蓝混合光;各处理均抑制香椿芽苗菜硝酸盐的累积,其中红光的抑制作用最强;红光处理可提高香椿芽苗菜的粗纤维含量,而蓝光处理则降低香椿芽苗菜粗纤维含量;与对照相比,蓝光和红蓝混合光处理提高了香椿芽苗菜总黄酮的含量,同时降低了香椿芽苗菜单宁的含量。总之,蓝光和红蓝混合光处理可提高氨基酸、维生素C、总黄酮含量,同时可降低硝酸盐、粗纤维和单宁含量。因此,蓝光和红蓝混合光处理更有利于提高香椿芽苗菜品质。 相似文献
11.
水、氮供应和土壤空间所引起的根系生理特性变化 总被引：24，自引：6，他引：24
在限制根系生长的胁迫条件下.,研究了补充和不补充供应水、氮对玉米根系生理特性及养分吸收的影响。结果表明.,正常生长条件下.,水、氮供应促进了根系生长.,增加了根系吸收总面积、活跃吸收面积和TTC还原量.,促进了根系对养分的吸收.,从而提高了产量.;限制根系生长.,水分的作用与正常条件下相同.,氮素的作用则受控于土壤水分。补充灌水增强了氮肥作用.,供氮促进了根系生长.,改善了根系生理特性.,减少了限制根系生长所引起的不良影响.;不补充灌水限制了氮肥作用的发挥.,供氮导致了根系生物量和生理特性下降.,加重了限制根系生长的不良影响。 相似文献
12.
两个氮素利用率不同的水稻品种根系形态及生理特性的差异 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The variation in nitrogen (N) uptake by rice has been widely studied but differences in rice root morphology that may contribute to this variation are not completely understood. Field and greenhouse experiments were carried out to study N accumulation, root dry weights, total root lengths, root surface areas, and root bleeding rates of two rice cultivars, Elio with low N-use efficiency and Nanguang with high N-use efficiency. Low (1 mmol N L-1) and high (5 mmol N L-1) N applications were established in the greenhouse experiment, and the N rates were 0, 120, and 240 kg ha-1 in the field experiments at Jiangning and Jiangpu farms, Nanjing, China. The results showed that the N accumulation, root dry weight, total root length, and root surface area increased with an increase in N application. At the heading stage, N accumulation in the shoots and roots of Nanguang was greater than that of Elio in the field experiments and that of Elio at 5 mmol N L-1 in the greenhouse experiment. After the heading stage, N accumulation was higher for Nanguang at both 1 and 5 mmol N L-1 in the greenhouse experiment. The total root length and root surface area were significantly different between the two cultivars. Over the range of the fertilizer application rates, the root lengths of Nanguang at Jiangning Farm were 49%-61% greater at booting and 26%-39% greater at heading than those of Elio, and at Jiangpu Farm they were 22%-42% and 26%-38% greater, respectively. Nanguang had a greater root bleeding rate than Elio. It was concluded that the N-use efficiency of the two rice cultivars studied depended to a great extent on the root morphological parameters and root physiological characteristics at different growth stages. 相似文献
13.
Roots are the main plant organs that supply nutrients, water, hormones and physical support for the plant. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most limiting and important elements in root growth and crop production. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of different sources of phosphorus treatments on root growth (root length, diameter and dry matter) of barley. The two glasshouse pot experiments results showed that under P deficiency, the weight of dry root significantly decreased and the total root length of whole plant significantly increased with decrease of root diameter. Our results suggested that soil fertility and root structure are widely recognized as important role of the soil community and plant growth, the root structure and root extension can directly and indirectly affected by soil fertility and specially P nutrient of the soil. Accordingly, root characteristics can determine the circumstance of plant growth and crop production. 相似文献
14.
Plant shoot production is closely related to root development. To obtain greater grass persistence, nutrient uptake by roots and recovery after defoliation, it is necessary for the plants to have well developed root systems. The study aimed to evaluate the morphological, productive and nutritional characteristics of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania roots in response to combinations of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and boron (B) rates in nutrient solution. Root dry mass, total root length, and total root surface increased with the combination of N and K rates. Boron rates did not affect any of the studied parameters. Greater concentrations of ammonium than nitrate were found in the root tissues. Root specific length and root specific surface decreased as rates of N and K increased. The N and K supply caused an increase in the morphological and productive aspects of the root system, thus enhancing the capacity for nutrient absorption. 相似文献
15.
贺兰山3种乔木单根及根土复合体力学特性 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
为研究和比较贺兰山山杨、青海云杉、油松单根和根土复合体的力学特性,通过单根拉伸、三轴压缩、饱和渗透试验测定了3种乔木单根和根土复合体的力学参数及土水特征曲线。结果表明:3种乔木单根力学特性存在显著差异,且直径对单根的力学特性有显著影响。单根最大拉力与直径成幂函数相关,随直径增大而增大;单根抗拉强度、杨氏模量与直径成对数函数相关,随直径增大而减小。山杨单根平均最大拉力(0.38kN)青海云杉(0.25kN)油松(0.17kN);山杨单根平均抗拉强度(33.39 MPa)青海云杉(27.79MPa)油松(18.45MPa);山杨单根平均杨氏模量(0.17GPa)青海云杉(0.12GPa)油松(0.11GPa)。3种乔木根土复合体的黏聚力、弹性模量存在显著差异,但摩擦角没有显著差异(平均值30.48°)。山杨根土复合体的黏聚力(10.65kPa)青海云杉(8.97kPa)油松(7.13kPa);山杨根土复合体的弹性模量(2.17 MPa)青海云杉(2.52 MPa)油松(4.21 MPa)。3种乔木根土复合体的土水特征曲线、渗透函数曲线都存在极显著差异,山杨根土复合体的渗透能力油松青海云杉。研究结果对于评价山杨、青海云杉、油松稳定边坡能力和建立贺兰山边坡稳定性分析数值模型都具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
16.
施氮对白羊草细根形态和生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
细根作为植物吸收水分和养分的重要器官,其形态和生长也受到土壤资源有效性的影响。以多年生草本植物白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemun)为研究对象,通过盆栽试验和连续扫描根系的方法,研究了6个施氮处理(0,0.02,0.04,0.08,0.16和0.32 g/kg)对白羊草1—4级根序根系形态特征的影响。结果表明:(1)随着根序增加,各级根序上根系的平均直径和平均根长呈显著增加趋势(p<0.05),但总根长和比根长显著下降(p<0.05);(2)除对1级根的平均直径没有显著影响外,施氮增加了白羊草其它各级根序的平均根长和平均直径,减小了比根长、总根长和生物量;(3)施氮提高了1—4级根序的根系伸长速率和直径增粗速率,且根系伸长速率和增粗速率随时间推移呈动态变化,尤其是对1,2级根序的影响较大。因此,全球氮沉降增加可能通过影响细根的平均根长、平均直径、比根长、生物量等形态特征而对草本植物地下特征产生影响,进而影响陆地生态系统的C,N循环。 相似文献
17.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(21):3103-3119
Tropical legume cover crops are important components in cropping systems because of their role in improving soil quality. Information is limited on the influence of nitrogen (N) fertilization on growth of tropical legume cover crops grown on Oxisols. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of N fertilization with or without rhizobial inoculation on growth and shoot efficiency index of 10 important tropical cover crops. Nitrogen treatment were (i) 0 mg N kg?1 (control or N0), (ii) 0 mg N kg?1 + inoculation with Bradyrhizobial strains (N1), (iii) 100 mg N kg?1 + inoculation with Bradyrhizobial strains (N2), and (iv) 200 mg N kg?1 of soil (N3). The N?×?cover crops interactions were significant for shoot dry weight, root dry weight, maximal root length, and specific root length, indicating that cover crop performance varied with varying N rates and inoculation treatments. Shoot dry weight is considered an important growth trait in cover crops and, overall, maximal shoot dry weight was produced at 100 mg N kg?1 + inoculation treatment. Based on shoot dry-weight efficiency index, cover crops were classified as efficient, moderately efficient, and inefficient in N-use efficiency. Overall, the efficient cover crops were lablab, gray velvet bean, jack bean, and black velvet bean and inefficient cover crops were pueraria, calopo, crotalaria, smooth crotalaria, and showy crotalaria. Pigeonpea was classified as moderately efficient in producing shoot dry weight. 相似文献
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19.
用尿囊素（Allantoin，All.）300mg/L和700mg/L喷淋一叶一心期的玉米超甜20号）幼苗，到四叶一心期对根系形态和伤流液进行测定。结果表明，尿囊素使一级根根数、最长根根长、根鲜重和根体积都比对照显著增加，整个根系显得强壮发达。同时，伤流液的流量、电导率、游离氨基酸总量及脯氨酸含量均明显高于对照，从而证明尿囊素确实促进了玉米幼苗根系的生长和对水分、矿质的吸收与同化能力，且尿囊素700mg/L的作用更优于300mg/L。 相似文献
20.
Keitaro Tawaraya 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):655-668
The degree of plant growth change associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization is expressed as mycorrhizal dependency (MD). In this review, previous reports on the differences in MD among plant species or cultivars were surveyed, and the factors affecting the differences are discussed. Mean values of MD were 44% for field crops (37 species), 56% for forage crops (46 species), 70% for wild grasses and forbs (140 species), 79% for trees (26 species), and 56% for all plants (250 species), indicating that the cultivated plant species showed a lower MD than the wild plant species. MD was negatively correlated with root morphological characteristics such as root length, root dry weight, root hair length, density of root hairs, the ability of roots to acquire phosphate from soil, and the phosphorus utilization efficiency of the host plant. Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for low input systems should be carried out in considering differences in MD. 相似文献