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1.
梨BAHD家族成员的鉴定、序列特征及表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植物酰基辅酶A依赖型酰基转移酶(ACT)又名BAHD,对木质素、花青素和生物碱等多种次生代谢产物的酰基化进行修饰。为阐明梨BAHD家族的分子特征与进化规律,本研究以砀山酥梨为试验材料,利用BAHD家族保守基序在梨基因组中鉴定出95个成员,对其序列特征、基因结构及保守基序、染色体定位、基因复制、系统进化和表达模式进行分析。结果表明,PbACT蛋白均具有HXXXD或DFGWG结构域,主要定位于细胞质和叶绿体中。通过染色体定位及复制事件分析发现,梨17条染色体上均有PbACT分布,且PbACT的基因复制类型主要以片段复制为主。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,PbACT3、PbACT6和PbACT41这3个基因可能参与了梨果实木质素生物合成及石细胞发育。亚细胞定位结果表明,PbACT3和PbACT6为叶绿体定位蛋白。本研究结果为从分子水平调控梨木质素代谢和石细胞含量奠定了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
2.
《南方农业》2021,(6)
ABCB/PGP蛋白为ABC转运蛋白的一个亚家族,能够参与植物中生长素的极性运输,在植物生长发育过程中具有重要作用。为深入认识大白菜ABCB/PGP基因家族,利用生物信息学方法对大白菜中ABCB/PGP基因家族成员进行了全基因组水平鉴定,并对其基因组信息、蛋白质生理生化特征、基因结构和系统进化等方面进行研究。结果表明,大白菜基因组中共鉴定到31个ABCB/PGP基因,这些基因在大白菜的10条染色体上分布不均,其中第3、4、6、7和9号染色体上分布有较多的家族成员。外显子-内含子基因结构分析表明,大部分ABCB/PGP基因都具有4～13个外显子。亚细胞定位预测分析发现,ABCB/PGP蛋白多数定位在细胞质膜上。进一步的系统进化分析表明,大白菜ABCB/PGP基因被聚类成6个分支,分别为CladeⅠ、CladeⅡ、CladeⅢ、CladeⅣ、CladeⅤ和CladeⅥ。上述研究结果为大白菜ABCB/PGP基因功能的研究奠定了一定的基础。 相似文献
3.
NAC基因家族是植物所特有的一类重要转录因子,广泛参与植物生长、发育以及器官建成、逆境胁迫应答等反应。目前,基因组信息的挖掘和分析已经成为葡萄功能基因组学研究的重要组成部分。本文利用生物信息学方法对葡萄143条NAC蛋白序列的系统发生和NAC基因组定位进行分析,然后对其氨基酸组成成分、理化性质以及二级和三级结构进行预测和分析,同时还分析了葡萄与拟南芥的NAC基因家族之间的联系。结果显示这143条蛋白序列与拟南芥94个NAC基因蛋白序列一起分成了16个亚族,说明拟南芥与葡萄NAC基因间具有较高的保守性。基因组定位结果发现143条NAC基因分布在17条染色体上。研究还发现不同亚家族间氨基酸数目、氨基酸序列间的疏水性存在一定的差异;而它们的二级结构都主要以随机卷曲为组成部分,且143条氨基酸序列三维结构十分相似。本文试验结果将为葡萄NAC基因家族的进一步功能分析提供重要研究基础。 相似文献
4.
植物钾（K＋）转运体蛋白在K＋的跨膜运输中起重要作用,进而维持植物体正常生长和代谢活动。本研究中,通过隐马尔科夫模型（HMM）和葡萄蛋白质库搜索,共找到18个葡萄钾转运体蛋白（VvKUPs）。利用生物信息学方法,我们对葡萄家族12条KUP蛋白序列的系统发生和KUP基因组定位进行分析,然后对其氨基酸组成成分、理化性质以及二级结构进行预测和分析,同时还分析了葡萄与拟南芥、水稻和杨树的K卯基因家族之间的联系。基因组定位结果发现其分布在至少9条染色体上。二级结构预测结果发现不同成员间氨基酸数目、氨基酸序列间的疏水性存在一定的差异;仅一螺旋和无规则卷曲为主要二级结构组成部分。基因结构分析表明,KUP基因家族成员分别含有7～10个内含子。葡萄KUP蛋白的亚细胞定位分析表明VvKUP主要定位于膜结构上。电子表达图谱分析结果表明：12条K卯基因有对应的EST序列,其中的11条KUP有相应的电子表达谱,并主要在花、果实、花序和花蕾等组织部位表达。 相似文献
5.
SBP（squamosa promoter binding protein,SBP）基因家族是植物所特有的一类重要转录因子,广泛参与植物生长、发育以及多种生理生化反应的信号传导。葡萄是继拟南芥、水稻和杨树之后完成全基因组测序的第四种开花植物,因此葡萄逐渐成为分子生物学研究的重点对象,进行葡萄基因组信息挖掘与分析对于葡萄功能基因组学的发展具有重要意义。本文利用生物信息学方法对葡萄家族45条SBP蛋白序列的系统发生和SBP基因组定位进行分析,然后对其氨基酸组成成分、理化性质以及二级和三级结构进行预测和分析,同时还分析了葡萄与拟南芥的SBP基因家族之间的联系。结果显示这45条蛋白序列与拟南芥16个SBP基因蛋白序列一起分成了3个亚族,说明拟南芥与葡萄SBP基因间具有较高的保守性;进一步的基因组定位结果发现其分布在14条染色体上,较拟南芥在染色体上的分布更为分散。研究还发现不同亚家族间氨基酸数目、氨基酸序列间的疏水性存在一定的差异;而二级结构预测结果发现,41条氨基酸序列以随机卷曲为主要组成部分,这与拟南芥相似,且45条氨基酸序列三维结构十分相似。本文实验结果均为葡萄SBP基因家族的进一步功能分析提供了重要研究基础。 相似文献
6.
很多microRNA（miRNA）基因在基因组上聚集排列形成miRNA基因簇。miRNA基因簇在进化上较为保守,有其特殊的生物学意义。miR-302基因簇在胚胎干细胞中特异表达,对胚胎干细胞的自我更新和多潜能维持有重要的作用。本文采用miRBase数据库查询和BLAST同源搜索方法共搜寻并分析了12个物种的miR-302基因簇。生物信息学分析表明,这些物种miR-302基因簇均位于LARP7蛋白基因的内含子区,但转录方向与LARP7基因转录方向相反。序列相似性分析显示,同一物种miR-302簇成员间以及不同物种相应miR-302簇成员间相似性均较高。进化分析表明,基因复制可能是miR-302基因簇进化的主要驱动力。 相似文献
7.
植物CBL基因在逆境应答及发育过程中具有重要功能。为了挖掘黄瓜CBL基因并预测CBL的功能,利用生物信息学的方法,从黄瓜基因组中鉴定出6个CBL基因,并对其染色体定位、基因结构、系统进化和顺式调控元件进行了系统分析。结果表明,黄瓜的CBL基因有2个分布在2号染色体上,4个分布在3号染色体上,外显子多为8个,编码区序列为603~759 bp。黄瓜CBL编码的蛋白存在一些保守的位点和基序。在黄瓜CBL基因的上游序列中,存在一些应答多种激素和逆境的顺式元件,且不同成员各不相同。这说明黄瓜CBL家族成员可能具有不同的生物学功能。本试验结果为进一步研究黄瓜CBL基因在逆境应答中的功能提供了科学依据。 相似文献
8.
植物SnRK2基因在逆境应答和ABA信号转导及生长发育过程中具有重要功能。但是有关黄瓜(cucumis satovus L.)SnRK2全基因组水平的研究鲜见报道。本文利用生物信息学的方法从黄瓜基因组中鉴定出9个SnRK2基因,并对这些基因的染色体分布、内含子-外显子结构、系统进化、顺式调控元件等进行了系统分析。结果显示,黄瓜的SnRK2基因不均匀地的分布在基因组中,它们的外显子多数为9,编码区序列长度在909-1140bp之间。它们在遗传上分为3个不同的类群,预测编码的蛋白都具有激酶的典型结构。而且,在SnRK2基因上游调控序列中都含有多个不同激素和逆境应答顺式元件,预示它们在逆境应答和激素信号转导过程中具有一定功能。本文为进一步研究黄瓜SnRK2基因在逆境和激素应答中的功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
9.
梨果实石细胞的发育和木质素的合成、转运及沉积密切相关。咖啡酸氧甲基转移酶(COMT)是木质素合成途径中的1种关键酶,主要参与紫丁香基木质素(syringyl lignin,S-木质素)的生物合成。本研究以砀山酥梨果实为材料,利用RT-PCR技术并结合RACE方法,得到砀山酥梨COMT基因的全长c DNA,命名为Pb COMT(Gen Bank登录号为KC905086)。该基因全长1 371 bp,开放阅读框为1 098 bp,编码365个氨基酸。进化树分析发现砀山酥梨COMT蛋白具有很高同源性,与苹果的相似性达到94%。将该基因重组到表达载体p ET-32a(+)中进行原核表达,电泳检测到1条大约60.0 k D的外源蛋白,与预测的融合蛋白分子量相符。荧光定量表达分析得知,梨果实Pb COMT基因表达量变化与木质素的含量变化趋势基本一致,并且和石细胞发育规律有很大的相关性。本研究为阐明梨石细胞发育分子机理奠定基础,为分子调控石细胞含量、改善梨果实口感提供了科学依据。 相似文献
10.
BBX是一类重要的锌指蛋白转录因子家族,包含1~2个高度保守位于蛋白质序列N端的BBX结构域,在调控植物的生长发育和响应环境胁迫中发挥着重要作用。利用生物信息学分析手段,在白菜型油菜中鉴定出59个BrBBX家族成员,对它们的染色体定位、基因结构、蛋白保守结构域,以及BrBBX46和BrBBX53基因的启动子进行了分析,并用qRT-PCR技术鉴定了BrBBX46和BrBBX53基因在模拟干旱和盐胁迫下的表达水平。结果显示,59个BrBBXs不均匀地分布于白菜型油菜基因组的10条染色体。通过对系统进化、基因结构、蛋白保守 结构域的分析,59个BrBBXs被分为5个亚族,每个亚族的基因结构、蛋白结构域和保守基序均相对保守,同一亚族的成员具有相似的基因结构和保守结构域。对启动子的分析结果显示,BrBBX46和BrBBX53基因的启动子中均含有大量的胁迫相关响应元件,尤其是干旱胁迫响应元件,二者均有14个;在40% PEG和120 mmol/L NaCl处理下,二者的表达水平均显著上升,说明BrBBX46和BrBBX53基因能够响应干旱和盐胁迫的诱导,可能在干旱和盐胁迫下发挥着重要功能。以上结果为进一步了解和利用BrBBX家族成员改良白菜型油菜耐旱耐盐新品种提供了良好的基因资源。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献