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不同杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国马铃薯》2017,(6):359-363
选用适宜的杀菌剂有效地防治马铃薯晚疫病对马铃薯安全生产、促进经济发展具有重要意义。以‘陇薯3号’为试验材料,研究甲霜·锰锌、克露、硫酸铜钙、抑快净、丁子香酚、银法利、百泰和广枯灵8种不同杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果。结果表明,大田防治马铃薯晚疫病时,丁子香酚的防治效果最好,防治率高达79.67%;马铃薯库存期间,银法利对马铃薯块茎晚疫病的防治效果高达86.22%。 相似文献
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不同杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果及经济效益分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
马铃薯晚疫病在世界各地均有发生,被国际马铃薯中心列为头号病害。为筛选出经济、高效的晚疫病防止药剂,试验对易保、克露、安泰生、阿米西达、抑快净、银法利、杀毒矾、甲霜灵锰锌8种药剂防治马铃薯晚疫病的效果进行对比和经济效益分析,结果表明:易保、克露、抑快净、银法利、杀毒矾5种药剂喷施3次,防病效果均达97%以上,增产率均达29%以上,每667m2增纯收入350元以上,经济效益显著,且保叶增产效果明显。 相似文献
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8种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为减轻马铃薯晚疫病对马铃薯生产造成的损失,本研究选择了8种药剂,在马铃薯地上垄体栽培模式下进行晚疫病防治的药效比较试验。结果表明,不同处理均对地上垄体栽培模式下马铃薯晚疫病具有防治和保产的效果。其中,在马铃薯晚疫病发病前期喷施的保护性杀菌剂种中,60%百泰的防治和保产效果最好,防效达79%以上,增产43.54%;其次是银法利,防效达70%以上,增产42.55%。在发病中期喷施的治疗性杀菌剂中,防效和保产效果最好的药剂为50%安克,防效达73%以上,增产36.71%。 相似文献
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云南省部分马铃薯产区晚疫病菌抗药性测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国马铃薯》2016,(6)
由致病疫霉菌(Phytophthora infestans)引起的马铃薯晚疫病是严重危害马铃薯生长和产量的主要病害之一。在马铃薯晚疫病的化学防治过程中,几乎所有马铃薯主产区都有马铃薯晚疫病菌抗药性的报道。对云南省马铃薯主产区晚疫病菌抗药性进行检测,明确云南省马铃薯产区晚疫病菌的抗药性情况。通过抑菌试验检测马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵、银法利和大生M-45的抗性,测定来自云南省5个马铃薯产区的53个菌株。结果表明,中甸、丽江、剑川、石林和小哨未发现对甲霜灵、银法利和大生M-45的抗性马铃薯晚疫病菌,上述药剂仍可以有效防治马铃薯晚疫病。 相似文献
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In order to optimize potato crop management in organic farming systems, knowledge of crop growth processes in relation to
limitations and reductions by nitrogen (N) and disease is necessary. This paper examines the effect of different prevention
measures (seed tuber pre-sprouting, choice of cultivars: resistance to Phytophthora infestans; earliness of tuber initiation) against disease-related constraints on yields, depending on the N-mediated growing conditions
of organic potato crops. Under conditions of a relatively high N supply, accelerating the early development and tuber initiation
of potato crops by seed tuber pre-sprouting (yield increase of c. 18–23%) or the selective choice of cultivars with an earlier
tuber initiation (yield increase of c. 0–21%) are the most effective strategies in combating late blight. They bring forward
the crop development c. 7–10 days, escaping the negative impact of the fungus on tuber growth. Under conditions of a relatively
low N supply, these strategies do not affect final tuber yield. The reason for the differences of the effect depending on
N supply of the crops is, that the lower the N supply, the shorter the period of time over which tuber growth takes place,
independent of whether P. infestans becomes severe or not. Tuber growth of organic crops low in N has mostly ceased by the time late blight becomes potentially
important for limiting yield, with the consequence that preventative measures against P. infestans are meaningless. Surprisingly, the level of cultivar haulm resistance to late blight did not affect tuber yields in years
with an early and strong late blight development. Probably, the positive effect of a longer resistance to the fungus (c. 1 week)
was counterbalanced by a later tuber initiation (also c. 1 week). In years with a moderate late blight incidence, less susceptible
cultivars were able to produce higher tuber yields on fields with a lower N availability (c. 17–20%), probably due to higher
N use efficiency and a better match of N mineralization and N uptake. Under conditions of a relatively high N supply, the
tested cultivars with a higher haulm resistance to late blight were not able to improve tuber yields. 相似文献
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William W. Kirk Kimberly J. Felcher David S. Douches Brendan A. Niemira Raymond Hammerschmidt 《American Journal of Potato Research》2001,78(4):319-322
Late blight is an important disease of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.) worldwide, and therefore, many potato-breeding programs have prioritized the development of late blight-resistant potato cultivars. Although the emphasis has been to enhance foliar resistance, it is also necessary to evaluate tuber late blight resistance in new breeding lines and new sources of late blight resistance. We report here on the assessment of foliar and tuber resistance and the correlation between these aspects of resistance in a sample of Michigan State University potato breeding lines. Two MSU breeding lines had significantly less infected foliage than the susceptible check cultivars. Tuber susceptibility was significantly different (P < 0.05) only between the most susceptible and the least susceptible breeding lines/cultivars. Foliar and tuber susceptibility to potato late blight were not correlated as low tuber susceptibility was associated both with extremely low (e.g., MSG274-3) and high (e.g., MSE202-3Rus) foliar susceptibility. 相似文献
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12个马铃薯品种对晚疫病抗性比较与药剂防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过田间试验,探讨常用马铃薯晚疫病防治药剂对不同马铃薯品种晚疫病防治效果,对产量影响及筛选出对马铃薯晚疫病有抗性的品种。结果表明,田间晚疫病发病初期,银法利单用或与其他药剂混用均可以有效控制马铃薯晚疫病,并且增加田间产量;‘荷兰7’,‘黄麻子’、‘荷兰15’和‘尤金’为马铃薯晚疫病易感品种,因此田间管理要提前预防马铃薯晚疫病的发生;‘克新18号’、‘麦肯’、‘延薯4号’和‘克新13号’对晚疫病有较高的抗性;‘中兴202’、‘Lt-5’、‘夏波蒂’和‘克新1号’对晚疫病表现中抗,病害发生初期施药可以有效的控制病害扩展。 相似文献
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In northwest Washington State, fungicidal control of late blight caused byPhytophthora infestons was evaluated for three years. During 1977, a high rainfall year with supplemental sprinkler irrigations, all metalaxyl and chlorothalonil treatments reduced tuber rot at harvest, but only metalaxyl extended control of tuber rot after 4 months’ storage. During 1978, a high rainfall year, one application of metalaxyl sprayed over or dusted on potato seed pieces at planting or applied five times to foliage at 2 or 4 wk intervals gave excellent blight control equal to that with chlorothalonil applied to foliage every 2 wk. In 1979, a low rainfall year,P. infestons did not kill plants in untreated plots until October. Five applications of metalaxyl sprayed every 2 wk on foliage did not control foliage blight. However, metalaxyl reduced foliage blight when dusted on cut potato seed pieces. Mancozeb sprayed every 2 wk also gave excellent control. The possibility that metalaxyl applied to foliage is effective in late blight control only when washed into the soil by rainfall or irrigation for uptake by roots is discussed. Yields and percent U.S. No. 1 grade tubers were not significantly affected by any treatment in these 3-year trials. 相似文献
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不同杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病的田间防效试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
马铃薯晚疫病是马铃薯生产中一种普遍发生、危害严重的病害,杀菌剂防治该病仍是生产中采用的主要措施。本试验采用氟吡菌胺和霜霉威、噁霜·锰锌、烯酰吗啉和多菌灵4种农药,从发病初期开始连续进行2次施药防治晚疫病。结果表明,4种杀菌剂均有较好的防治效果,68.75%氟吡菌胺和霜霉威SC 1000倍、64%噁霜·锰锌WP 300倍、50%烯酰吗啉WP 1500倍和50%多菌灵WP 500倍施用2次后,平均防治效果分别为76.8%、70.0%、71.0%和62.0%,前3种杀菌剂的防效明显好于后者。 相似文献
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Lars Wiik 《Potato Research》2014,57(1):77-98
During 1983–2012, three field trials per year were performed in each of the three southernmost counties in Sweden to test different fungicide programmes aiming to control late blight, primarily in the very susceptible potato cultivar Bintje. A dataset with results from these field trials was used (i) to examine possible changes in the appearance and behaviour of late blight attack over the years, (ii) to investigate the relationship between late blight in foliage and tuber blight, (iii) to investigate the relationship between late blight and tuber yield and (iv) to identify any correlations between different variables in the dataset. Late blight reached epidemic proportions, i.e. 75% disease severity in the untreated control, in the majority of the field trials. The estimated first attack of late blight was earlier in many field trials after 1998. Differences between years and regions were great in terms of date of the first attack and how the attack developed during the season. For example, in 2002–2005 and 2007, the first attack occurred 40–55 days after planting (DAP), compared with 95–108 DAP in 1994 and 1996. In 1994, 2006 and 2009–2011, the attacks increased from first symptoms to 65% disease severity in the untreated control within 16–21 days, compared with 35–40 days in 1995, 1999 and 2002. The relationship between foliage late blight and tuber blight was weak with the best match found at high disease severity late in the growing season (r?=?0.33; p?<?0.001). The relationship between blight-free tuber yield and start of the first attack indicated a yield increase of 287 kg/day (R 2?=?0.27) for every day’s delay in first attack. Using the DAP for 65% disease severity in the untreated control improved the correlation (R 2?=?0.64) and indicated a yield increase of 534 kg/day for every day’s delay in first attack. The later the onset of attack, the higher the blight-free tuber yield in treated plots. In general, significant correlations were found between blight-free tuber yield, size fractions of tuber yield, date of first late blight attack, date of different degrees of disease severity, disease severity, date of treatment, treatment measures and maintenance. 相似文献
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Foliar and tuber blight caused by Phytophthora infestans accounts for significant losses in potatoes in field and storage. Nevertheless, limited research has been published on the
effects of cultural practices on late blight control. Field experiments were conducted in two years on Howard gravely loam
soil in New York State to evaluate the effectiveness of mulching using oat straw and hilling in preventing tuber blight infection
for cvs Allegany and Katahdin. Potato hilling and mulching had little effect on foliar blight development. The cultivar affected
the disease development in the foliage, with cv. Allegany showing lower foliar late blight than cv. Katahdin. Tuber blight
incidence averaged 25% for cv. Allegany and 3% for cv. Katahdin in hilled plots, while in the mulched plots the incidence
of tuber blight averaged 33% for cv. Allegany and 10% for cv. Katahdin. The straw hay mulch was ineffective in tuber blight
control. Tubers set at a soil depth of more than 7 cm had lower tuber blight incidence than shallow tubers set at a depth
of less than 7 cm. In both years, hilling provided partial protection of tubers but its effectiveness was limited in the presence
of favourable conditions for late blight development. Even though large hills had proportionally a lower tuber blight incidence
than medium-sized hills, the difference between the different hill sizes was not significant. These studies suggest that the
use of cultivars with foliage resistance to late blight in combination with cultural practices may partially reduce the incidence
of tuber blight.
Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information
and does not imply recommendation for endorsement by Cornell University or the US Department of Agriculture. 相似文献
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Satish Kumar Luthra Jagesh Kumar Tiwari Mehi Lal Poonam Chandel Vinod Kumar 《Potato Research》2016,59(4):375-391
Ten tetraploid interspecific potato somatic hybrids developed earlier through protoplast fusion between the dihaploid Solanum tuberosum L. ‘C-13’ and the diploid wild species Solanum pinnatisectum Dun. were used in this study. Somatic hybrids and standard control cultivars were evaluated for adaptability, tuber traits, late blight resistance and keeping quality attributes (dormancy, sprouting, weight loss and appearance after 75 days of storage) during two successive winter crop seasons (short-days) in the sub-tropical plains of India, where nearly 90% of India’s potatoes are grown. Somatic hybrids showed medium to good plant vigour and late to very late plant maturity. Though none of the somatic hybrids produced equal or higher tuber yield than the control cultivars, except clone P7, all other somatic hybrids produced significantly higher marketable and total tuber yield after a 90-day growth than the parent C-13. Most of the somatic hybrids possessed higher tuber dry matter concentration, resistance to late blight and better keeping quality attributes than the control cultivars. Notably, the tubers of somatic hybrids showed a tendency for colour change from white to purple on exposure to sunlight. Breeding potential of somatic hybrids was further assessed by crossing them with commonly grown local potato cultivars for the development of backcross (BC1) progenies. In the hybridization programme, berries were formed while somatic hybrids were used either as male or female parents with common cultivars. Our results revealed that the use of bulk pollen of somatic hybrids not only resulted in higher pollination success but also helped to achieve higher numbers of true potato seeds (TPS) per berry. Despite the formation of berries, TPS was absent in 22 crosses using somatic hybrids as a female or male parent which may be due to ovule or embryo abortions. Segregating BC1 generations were evaluated under the same sub-tropical conditions for further exploitation in potato breeding. Based on our study, the somatic hybrids P4, P8 and P10 can be utilized for the introgression of important characters such as high tuber dry matter concontration, resistance to late blight and excellent keeping quality attributes into the cultivated potato via conventional breeding methods for cultivar development in the sub-tropical plains of India. 相似文献
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R. G. Novy S. L. Love D. L. Corsini J. J. Pavek J. L. Whitworth A. R. Mosley S. R. James D. C. Hane C. C. Shock K. A. Rykbost C. R. Brown R. E. Thornton N. R. Knowles M. J. Pavek N. Olsen D. A. Inglis 《American Journal of Potato Research》2006,83(1):9-19
The potato cultivar Defender is high-yielding, white-skinned, and notable for having foliar and tuber resistance to late blight infection caused byPhytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. It was released in 2004 by the USDA-ARS and the agricultural experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Defender is suitable for processing into french fries and other frozen potato products directly from the field or from storage. Defender also may be used for fresh markets in regions such as California, where cultivars with long tubers and white skin are traditionally grown. Resistances to late blight and other potato diseases make Defender an ideal candidate for organic potato production. Defender consistently produced greater total and U.S. No. 1 yields than ‘Russet Burbank’ in Idaho trials. In early harvest trials conducted in the western U.S., average total yields of Defender were 17% and 23% greater than yields for ‘Ranger Russet’ and ‘Shepody’, respectively. In full-season trials conducted in the western U.S., Defender averaged 10% and 15% higher yields than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank, respectively. Specific gravity of Defender is consistently high, with values comparable to those of Ranger Russet; tuber ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) levels are also high. In addition to late blight, Defender also is resistant to tuber early blight (Alternaria solani, (Ellis & G. Martin), L.R. Jones & Grout), potato virus X, and net necrosis; it has moderate levels of resistance to Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae, Kleb), pink rot, foliar early blight, corky ringspot, and Erwinia soft rot. Defender is susceptible to scab (common and powdery) and potato leafroll virus; it has moderate susceptibility to dry rot (Fusarium spp.) and potato virus Y. Susceptibilities to internal necrosis, tuber greening, and blackspot bruise also have been noted, but may be minimized through cultural and harvest practices. 相似文献