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微集水区是山区最基本的水文单元,其降雨产流特征研究可以为流域水文的规律研究提供重要的数据支持。针对迤者小流域的森林微集水区进行不间断观测,得出结论:降雨量直接影响微集水区的径流产生量,7月19日24h内降雨量为36.6mm,降雨性产流105.57m3;径流洪峰一般滞后于降雨量峰值,7月19日降雨—径流监测中,最大产流值滞后最大降雨量值2h50min。 相似文献
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森林植被变化的水文生态效应研究进展 总被引：93，自引：3，他引：90
从森林植被变化对水量、径流泥沙和水质的影响等方面介绍了国内外森林植被变化水文生态效应研究进展。从世界各国的研究来看,普遍的研究结论认为森林减少可以增加流域年产水量;森林植被可以较大幅度地减少径流泥沙含量;森林植被参与生物地球化学循环,可以有效地改善溪流水质状况。由于影响森林水文生态效益的环境异质性的普遍存在,森林植被变化水文生态效应影响程度在不同水文生态区差别很大,因此,要想将一个地区森林植被水文生态效应研究结果可靠地外推到其他地区其他流域,必须重视森林水文生态过程动力学机制的研究。 相似文献
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以西北农林科技大学南校区成教学院周边区域为研究对象,在场地调研勘测和相关资料研究的基础上,分析研究区域场地的水文、植物、土壤及土地利用情况。运用低影响开发水文分析法,计算场地现状、开发前、预期3部分径流曲线数值,确定设计降雨量及维持开发前CN所需雨水储存量,计算3个不同区域综合管理措施达到预期效果所需面积,并提出相应的景观提升与雨水排水改造措施。 相似文献
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采用定位观测方法与水集水区试验技术方法，利用1-6月份艰测数据，从土壤水分、坡面径流、集水区径流量等方面对大岗山地区人工针阔混交林、天然常绿阔叶林典型森林集水区的森林水文动态变化规律进行了研究。结果表明：⑴人工针阔混交林森林土壤水分量大值（51.8mm）出现在5月份，最小值（33.2mm）出现在3月份，且垂直变化幅度不大。⑵坡面径流量月变化较大，与一次性降水有密切关系，可用指数式y=0.1266e^0.0502x表示。⑶与人工针阔混交林相比，天然常绿阔叶林具有较强水土保持能力和显著水源涵养作用。 相似文献
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以安藤长期径流模型为基础,结合森林流域的林冠截持降水、森林土壤蓄水、土壤的饱和及超渗地表径流等特点建立起森林流域径流模型,模拟了林冠截持、林冠和地面的蒸散、渗透和地下水的涵养、直接径流及地下径流的生成等过程。同时将此模型用于比较3个小流域的水文特征并通过两个对比小流域水文特征的比较,分析了森林采伐后因植被变化而带来的水文效应。 相似文献
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以祁连山水源涵养林为研究对象,基于森林生态水文学理论,充分利用祁连山森林生态站长期生态监测数据及其研究成果,在流域尺度上,围绕水源涵养林的重要性、研究历程和研究成果及经验进行论述。内容涉及森林水文、森林气象、冻土水文等领域,尤其关注了祁连山水源涵养林区水分动态及时空分配、森林对降水及河川径流的调节、多年冻土和季节性冻土的水文作用等方面的研究。 相似文献
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我国森林水文研究现状及发展趋势概述 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在简要介绍我国森林水文研究历史的基础上，概述了我国森林与降水、径流、蒸发散、水循环和水质等方面的研究现状及主要成果，并对我国森林水文研究的未来民展方向进行了初步分析。 相似文献
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在森林区域内,大气降水、穿透雨、树干径流、地表径流和集水区径流5种类型水样的表现性状可以大致模拟大气降水对森林垂直层面的作用与影响.本文通过对2020年3月-10月期间鸡公山森林区域内的上述5种类型水样的pH值等水质指标进行定位观测和对比,得到了该区域内穿透雨、树干径流和地表径流的大部分指标浓度值高于大气降水从而呈现正向效应,集水区径流的大部分指标浓度低于大气降水则呈反向效应的结论.并通过对实验结果的分析,阐释了大气降水透过森林林冠层、林下枯落物层的元素变化规律,为深入研究森林水文的内在运行机制提供依据. 相似文献
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三峡库区典型森林植被类型对坡面产流影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在一定地形地貌基础上,植被与降水是决定坡面产流、产沙量的主要因素.2005～2006年对重庆缙云山4个天然林地径流场和农地径流场进行定位观测,结果表明:①森林植被在一定范围内对坡面径流量有削减作用,前期降雨对坡面径流有影响;②坡面径流峰值与暴雨峰值呈一一对应关系,马尾松和常绿阔叶林的变化幅度较小,楠竹林和常绿阔叶灌丛变化较大;③地下径流深与降雨量呈一一对应关系,地下径流深与降雨量关系反映出前期降雨对地下径流量的影响;④马尾松阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林和常绿阔叶冠丛地下径流峰值的总体趋势是随降雨强度的增加而增加;楠竹林和农地随降雨强度的增加而呈下降趋势. 相似文献
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梁山慈竹在退耕还林中的水土保持效应研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用小型径流观测场对比观测降雨时间集中的梁山慈竹林和未退耕种植红薯的耕地的17次降雨、10次水土流失过程进行效益对比,分析侵蚀量、径流量与降雨因子的关系。结果表明,退耕还梁山慈竹林的穿透降水率为89.14%,茎流率平均为1.57%,林冠截持降水率为9.29%;凋落物层的最大持水量约为27.54 t.hm-2,相当于水深2.4～3.3 mm,占降水量的14.46%～19.88%;与未退耕地相比,梁山慈竹林的平均径流量比耕地减少24.6%,而耕地侵蚀量约是林地的4.7倍,林地降水的泥沙侵蚀平均减少量达到78.56%。梁山慈竹有较好的水土保持作用,能够明显地减少地表径流和泥沙侵蚀。 相似文献
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Xiang Li Jian-zhi Niu Jiao Li Bao-yuan Xie Yi-ni Han Jing-ping Tan Ying-hu Zhang 《林业研究》2012,23(3):419-424
We studied the impact of forest vegetation on soil erosion,surface runoff, and sediment generation by using field simulated rainfall apparatus. We measured runoff and sediment generation of five 4.5 × 2.1m runoff plots (a bare soil as a control; two Pinus tabulaeformis forestplots and two Platycladus orientalis forest with row spacing of 1 m × 1m and 1.5 m × 1.5 m, respectively) in Beijing Jiu Feng National ForestPark under three rainfall intensities (0.42, 0.83, 1.26 mm per minute).Forest vegetation significantly reduced soil erosion and sediment yield.Mean total runoff volume in the four tree stand plots was 93% of that inthe control plot, demonstrating the limited effectiveness of forest vegetation in runoff control. With increasing rainfall intensity, runoff reductionin forest plots declined from 28.32% to 2.1%. Similar trends in runoff coefficient and the relationship between runoff volume and rainfall duration was observed. Mean total sediment yield and mean sediment yield reduction rate under different treatments was 55.05% and 43.17% of those in the bare soil control plot, respectively. Rainfall intensity playedan important role in runoff and sediment generation processes, and had agreater impact on runoff than on soil erosion and sediment generation.When considering several factors in runoff and sediment transport processes, the P. tabulae form plot with row spacing at 1 × 1 m had a greater effect on soil and water conservation than did other forested plots. 相似文献
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主要通过研究密云水库水源保护区上游和消落区的不同特征植被在降雨产流后对产流水质进行化验分析,比较不同特征植被产流水质的优劣。结果表明:森林植被覆盖率高,人为活动干扰少的水质优良,反之水质就较差;消落区种草区产流水质优良,农业种植区水质最差,各项指标都超出饮用水标准。由此得出不同特征植被的产流水质与森林覆盖率有一定的正相关性,人为活动也对水质有较大影响。同时对如何更好地保持密云水库水质提出了合理化建议。 相似文献
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Xiaoyuan Chu Yujie Wang Yiping Xia Yun Wu Lin Chen 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2009,4(2):171-177
In order to provide a basis for water conservation in the restoration of vegetation for an urban water resource area, we studied
the generation of runoff characteristics in four typical forests over three time periods in Jinyun Mountain, Chongqing City,
based on the observation data of rainfall and runoff processes during the period 2002–2005. The results show that: 1) Rainfall
was distributed evenly during the years 2002–2005. Annual rainfall variability was 4.46% and coefficient of variation was
0.0618. Average monthly rainfall tended towards a normal distribution N (113.8, 45972). 2) Both precipitation and runoff can be clearly divided into a dry and a wet season. The dry season was from October to
March and the wet season from April to September. Most of annual runoff of the four forest stands occurred in the wet season.
The surface runoff in the wet season accounted for more than 85% of the annual runoff, and more than 75% of underground runoff.
3) Both peak values of surface runoff and underground runoff occurred in June. The relation between monthly rainfall and surface/underground
runoff was fitted by the model W=aP
2 + bP + c. The order of annual surface runoff was as follows: Phyllostachys pubescens forest > shrub forest > mixed Pinus massoniana-broadleaf forest > evergreen broad-leaved forest. The annual underground runoff was evergreen broad-leaved forest > mixed
Pinus massoniana-broadleaf forest > Phyllostachys pubescens forest > shrub forest. 4) Under similar rainstorms events, the order of the surface runoff coefficient was: evergreen broad-leaved
forest < mixed Pinus massoniana-broadleaf forest < shrub forest < Phyllostachys pubescens forest. The underground runoff coefficient was: evergreen broad-leaved forest > mixed Pinus massoniana-broadleaf forest > Phyllostachys pubescens forest > shrub forest. The relation between rainstorms and surface runoff was fitted by the linear relationship: Q = mp − n. Both mixed Pinus massoniana-broadleaf forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest have better flood regulation effects on an annual and monthly basis and
per individual rainstorm. The function of Phyllostachys pubescens forest is the worst on all three bases.
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Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2008, 30(4): 103–108 [译自: 北京林业大学学报] 相似文献
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文章采用建径流小区定位观测方法,对富源县云南松次生林、华山松人工林、针阔混交林、次生灌丛和荒草地等主要植物群落进行水土保持能力的观测。分析表明:富源县的降雨量主要集中于5～10月,雨季降雨量占全年的86.48%,且降雨量主要是10mm以上的降雨产生;不同群落地表径流量、土壤流失量和侵蚀降雨次数依次均为荒草地>次生灌丛>云南松次生林>华山松人工林>针阔混交林,说明森林植被类型中针阔混交林保土保水能力最强,其次是纯林,在低效林改造和生态建设工程中应大面积推广混交林的营建。 相似文献
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WUSihong ZHANGXiaoming ZHUQinke KeyLaboratory of Soiland Water Conservation Combating Desertification Ministry of Education College of Soil WaterConservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing China 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2006,5(2):54-65
INTRODUCTION The vegetation construction on the Loess Plateau is of significant importance in ameliorating the serious situation of soil and water conservation. The Loess Plateau is characterized by lots of gullies, and its surface soil is fragile and easily eroded, the factors that influence soil and water loss are: rainfall, vegetation, slope and others. Rainfall is the motive, power of causing soil and water loss; besides, vegetation and slope also greatly affect soil and water loss. … 相似文献
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采用径流小区实验的方法,在李子口小流域设立了6个不同植被类型的径流小区,研究径流小区不同植被条件下降雨对土壤侵蚀的影响,结果如下:(1)不同植被条件下,降雨对土壤侵蚀的影响可表现为撂荒地小区>农耕地小区>林地小区,降雨对林地的土壤侵蚀弱,林地对当地水土的保持能力强,最适合作为当地水土保持的植物措施。(2)总体上,6个径流小区的降雨量、降雨侵蚀力与地表径流量、径流深、土壤流失量之间的相关性均表现为显著正相关的关系,表明降雨对当地土壤侵蚀作用强,需重点防护。研究揭示了研究区降雨与土壤侵蚀的相关性,比较了不同植被条件下降雨对土壤侵蚀的影响,为水土保持的相关研究提供参考与借鉴。 相似文献
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Xiaoming Zhang Xinxiao Yu Sihong Wu Tianxing Wei Xuepei Zhang 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2006,1(3):336-342
According to fixed-position data for 1985–2003 from nine runoff plots of Caijiachuan watershed which lies in Jixian County
of Shanxi Province in Loess area, this paper studied the relationship between vegetation and runoff and sediment production
in sloping lands in detail, which helps to provide scientific basis for vegetation re-construction and studies on environmental
transformation of water and sediment in watersheds of Loess area. Although, many study results testify that forest vegetation
has an important function in soil and water conservation and cutting runoff, the effect of vegetation on runoff and sediment
transmission is complicated, and this needs to be studied in depth. The results of the paper showed the following. Firstly,
the natural secondary forest performs better function of soil and water conservation than artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and runoff and sediment produced in the former in individual rainfall were 65%–82% and 23%–92% of those produced
in the latter. At the same time, better correlative relationship between runoff and sediment production and rainfall and rainfall
intensity were testified by multiple regression, but the correlation decreased gradually with the increase of canopy density
of forest. Secondly, the difference of runoff and sediment production in several land use types was very distinct, and the
amount of runoff and sediment produced from Ostryopsis davidiana forest and natural secondary forest were the least, and runoff and sediment produced from in artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest and Pinus tabulaeformis forest were 5-fold as much as those from O. davidiana forest. Besides, runoff and sediment produced in mixed planting of apple trees and crops were 16.14-fold and 2.96-fold than
those of O. davidiana forest, respectively, but the amount decreased obviously after high-standard soil preparation in the case of the former.
Thirdly, based on gray cognate analyses of factors affecting runoff and sediment production in sloping land, the factors of
stand canopy density and herb and litter biomass were the most significant ones, whose gray incidence degree exceeded 0.6.
Therefore, mixed forest with multi-layer stand structure and shrub forest should be developed in vegetation re-construction
of Loess area, which will help to increase coverage and litter thickness in order to cut down the runoff and sediment dramatically
in sloping land.
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Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(9): 1,613–1,617 [译自: 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(9): 1,613–1,617] 相似文献