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1.
Retention in the animal body was studied in a growth experiment with lambs of various genetic constructions (3 different fattening hybrids of both sexes and male merino meat sheep). The result of the control butchering method was for female animals a significantly higher crude fat, dry matter and energy content as well as lower crude protein content in the weight gain than for the male animals, whereas there were no significant differences between the various genotypes. The daily crude protein retention was higher in the male animals as in the female lambs. The male fattening hybrids were superior to the merino meat sheep with regard to daily N retention and the productive protein value. Concerning energy maintenance requirement, there were no significant differences between the genotypes or the sexes either. The N balance method resulted in similar statements on N retention as the control butchering method did, it produced, however, higher absolute values and a higher standard deviation. Conclusions for the standardization of the requirement and for the methodology of the experiments are drawn. 相似文献
2.
A total of 90 lambs (fattening hybrids of either sex of three different genetic constructions and male merino meat sheep) were butchered at the beginning (9...16 kg live weight) or at the end (29...33 kg live weight) of a growth experiment. Total body and the meat of carcass, cutlet and loin were analysed. Significant differences between the genotypes could only proved in the crude ash content. The female animals showed a significantly higher content of fat, dry matter and energy as well as a significantly lower content of crude ash--at the end of the experiment also of protein--in the total body than the male animals. The content of nutrients and energy in the total body could be much more precisely derived regressively from the corresponding content values in the meat of the carcass than from the values of cutlet and loin. 相似文献
3.
Scientific feeding experiments were carried out with 5 castrated male pigs and 4 female animals of the genetic origin "Camborough" in the live weight range between 30 and 100 kg with a subdivision at 60 kg. In each test group the animals were fed individually and received rations with approximately equal contents of protein, amino acids, minerals and vitamins but different energy contents. Energy intake was adjusted to 3 levels of 100%, 85% and 70% of semi-ad-libitum intake. Apart from that, the digestibility of the feed mixtures used in the 2 fattening periods was determined. Having reached a live weight of 100 kg, 7 representative animals per group were slaughtered and a number of slaughtering parameters were registered. In all three test groups the daily live weight gain over the complete fattening period was very high (846, 819 and 778 g). Though the weight gain in group 3 with 70% of the energy supply of group 1 is significantly lower than in the other two groups, it is, however, only 70 g lower than in group 1. Consequently, the feed expenditure (2.6 kg mixed feed per kg live weight gain) in group 3 is by 20% lower than in group 1, in which the feed expenditure is 3.2 kg mixed feed per kg live weight gain. There were no significant differences on the weight gain performances and the registered carcass parameters between sows and castrated male pigs. Observed deviating tendencies are discussed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
4.
全价颗粒饲料与传统精粗料混合饲喂技术对肉羊育肥效果的对比试验 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(4):38-38
为了加快内蒙古五原县肉羊产业发展,增加养殖户经济效益,探讨不同饲料对肉羊育肥增重效果的影响,为科学养羊提供依据,选取3月龄体格、体重相近的小尾寒羊公羔100只,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组50只。试验组羔羊饲喂全价颗粒饲料,对照组采用传统的精、粗料混合饲喂技术,试验期75 d。试验结束时,比较2组羔羊的增重指标和饲料利用率指标,并进行养殖效益分析。结果表明,试验组肉羊的日增重、总增重、胴体重和屠宰率均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;试验组羔羊的饲料实际采食量较对照组显著提高（P〈0.05）,试验组羔羊的饲料损耗量较对照组显著降低（P〈0.05）,饲料利用率提高了4.36%,试验组羔羊的料肉比较对照组显著降低（P〈0.05）;试验组单只羔羊育肥的纯收入显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。在肉羊育肥过程中,饲喂全价颗粒饲料能显著提高羊只的生长速度和产肉性能,降低人工成本,减少饲料浪费,提高经济效益。 相似文献
5.
Scientific feeding experiments were carried out with 7 male castrated pigs of the genetic origin land race pig X large white with the test animals fed individually and the rations containing approximately the same amounts of protein, amino acids, minerals and vitamins but varied amounts of energy. Energy intake was adjusted to three levels: 100%, 85% and 70% of semi-ad-libitum intake (group 1 = 100%). With regard to protein supply there was a subdivision into 30-60 and 60-100 kg live weight. In addition to this, the digestibility of the feed mixture used and the N-balance were determined in both fattening periods. Having reached 100 kg live weight, the animals were slaughtered and a number of slaughtering parameters was determined. The average daily live weight gain in the three test groups was 749, 664 and 540 g over the whole fattening period. The feed expenditure was 3.7, 3.9 and 4.3 kg mixed feed per kg live weight gain so that, with regard to live weight performance and feed expenditure the group with the highest energy supply showed the best results. The level of energy supply had a remarkable influence on the composition of weight gain; thus the amount of fat in the carcass of the animals of groups 3 was by 1.8 kg and 2.5 kg resp. lower than of the animals in groups 2 and 1. 相似文献
6.
In two growth experiments with 30 lambs per group the influence of urea (1-2% of the ration) and straw (20-30% of the ration) on the performance was studied under conditions of intensive fattening. The content of native crude protein in the rations varied between 10.1 and 18.4% of the DM. In experiment 1 the lambs of the two groups which received mixed feed for fattening lambs without urea on average consumed with 1.02 and 1.11 kg DM resp., 696 and 757 EFUcattle resp. and 173 and 189 g crude protein resp. per animal and day. The groups with wheat or barley and urea consumed 1.06 and 0.96 kg DM resp., 714 and 627 EFUcattle resp. and 209 and 155 g crude protein resp. Their weight gain of 247 g/animal and day was 24% and that of 230 g resp. 26% higher than that in the control groups without urea. The lowest dry matter intake (0.91 and 0.82 kg resp.) was shown by the animals of the groups which received wheat or barley without urea. In the second experiment the control group achieved an average daily weight gain of 327 g at an expenditure of 2.24 kEFUcattle/kg weight gain. Despite a partly higher dry matter intake, the daily EFUcattle intake was between 12.2 and 24.5% lower in the straw groups and energy expenditure increased between 12.0 and 27.8%. Urea supplements of between 1 and 2% improved dry matter, EFUcattle and crude protein intake and thus weight gain. 相似文献
7.
Lambs of the species Merino mutton sheep kept on a perforated floor received, from their 38th day of life, either fattening feed for lambs ad libitum or fattening feed for lambs ad libitum plus chopped dried green fodder ad libitum (quota 17% of the intake of dry matter). At intervals of three weeks 4 lambs of each group were slaughtered from their 40th to their 166th day of life. The determination of the physical rumen volume of one half of the animals did not show significant differences between the two feeding regimes. The rumen volume showed an approximately linear increase (B = 0,84) with the increasing age of the animals. Hyper- and parakeratotic changes of the epithelialis of the rumen were caused by both feeding regimes. They were distinctly stronger and earlier developed in animals which only received fattening feed for lambs. The measuring of the rumen villi showed significantly smaller villi in all age groups of those animals which had taken in dried lucerne green fodder as a supplement. 相似文献
8.
With a total number of 157 boars 9 feeding variants with different levels of energy and amino acids were checked. The weight increase per fattening day and the energy and lysine expenditure per kg live weight increase were determined. The insufficient supply with lysine had negative effects on the live weight increase and the energy expenditure during the whole fattening period. Between the variantes with a high supply with amino acids (120%) and the supply according to standard (100%) no significant differences concerning the live weight increase could be ascertained up to 90 kg live weight. Between 90 and 120 kg live weight the animals in the variant with medium energy level and 120% lysine supply achieved significantly higher increases than those in the standard variant. Up to 90 kg live weight the energy expenditure for all groups amounted to 2,08 kEFs (energetic feed units for pigs) per kg live weight increase. The most suitable results were achieved by the animals which received the variants rich in energy (1,760 resp. 1,770 kEFs per kg live weight increase). Above the 90 kg live weight limit the energy expenditure rose considerably, remained however under 2,000 kEFs per kg live weight increase for the boars of the variant with medium energy level and 120% lysine supply as well as for the variant rich in energy and 100% lysine supply. The lysine expenditure in the first variant amounted to 25.1 g per kg live weight increase and for the variant rich in energy to 20.6 g lysine per kEFs. 相似文献
9.
Bellof G Wolf A Schuster M Hollwich W 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2003,87(9-10):347-358
In a developmental study of lambs, the following question was investigated: What is the influence of gender, bodyweight, and feeding intensity on the nutritional value of the carcass as well as the body tissues? This study was conducted with 108 lambs (50% males and 50% females) of the merino breed. The animals were fattened according to three feeding intensity levels ("high","medium", and "low") using varied feed concentrates and hay in their daily rations. They were slaughtered at body weights of 30, 45 or 55 kg. Six male and six female lambs were slaughtered at a bodyweight of 18 kg which was the initial weight of the fattening lambs. The left half of the slaughtered animal was carved according to the guidelines provided by the DLG (German Agricultural Society). For each cut, an examination of the meat(muscle), fatty tissue and bone/tendons was carried out and the percentages of these tissue components were determined for the whole joint. The samples of the tissues as well as the cuts were analysed for dry matter, crude protein, total fat level and crude ash. The carcasses of the male lambs showed higher protein content and lower fat levels. With increasing feeding intensity level and bodyweight, the differences in these nutritional components between the sexes rose. The muscle tissue (meat) of the lamb carcasses at the usual slaughter weight of 45 kg showed relatively low fat content (less than 10%). This was especially noticeable in carcasses of male lambs (less than 8%). 相似文献
10.
Live weight development and feed expenditure were investigated on 3 levels of protein supply and isocaloric rations in scientific feeding experiments with 10 castrated male pigs each of the genetic origin land race pig X large white fed individually in the live weight range between 30 and 100 kg with a subdivision at 60 kg. In the air-dried matter the crude protein content of the feed mixtures used in the first fattening period was 17.6; 15.7 and 13.7% resp. and in the second fattening period from 60 kg live weight onwards 14.9; 12.8 and 11.4% resp. for the 3 test groups. In both fattening periods the digestibility of the rations and the N-balance were determined at 3 representative animals from each of the 3 groups. The following average live weight gains were achieved in the 3 test groups: 1st fattening period: 662; 592 and 539 g resp.; 2nd X fattening period: 709; 676 and 644 g resp. Feed expenditure over the complete fattening period was 4.2; 4.5 and 5.2 kg air-dried matter per kg live weight gain. The highest protein supply resulted in the best live weight gain performance and the lowest expenditure. 相似文献
11.
Seven variants with graduated energy and amino acid levels were tested at 105 growing sows in a live weight range between 30 and 120 kg. The weight increase and the energy expenditure showed a distinct dependence on the energy level of the ration and are mainly determined by the energy intake. Up to a live weight of 90 kg a 20% lysine over- or undersupply in comparison with the norm had no influence on the growth intensity of the animals. On the low and medium energy levels there was a tendency of superiority of the animals which received feeds rich in protein in the section between 90 and 120 kg. In the variant with a high energy level, however, a diminishing increase was detected in the last third of the fattening period in connection with the growing lysine level. The overall most suitable result was achieved in variant M 120 with a daily increase of 675 g and an energy expenditure of 2.04 kilo energetic feed units for pigs per kg increase. 相似文献
12.
In an individual feeding experiment (150-500 kg live weight) the influence of the polyether antibiotic Monensin on the fattening, slaughtering and retention performances of crossbreeding dairy bulls (genotype 31) and fattening hybrids (genotype 61) was ascertained. The supplementation of the polyether antibiotic on average resulted in a decrease by approximately equal to 11% of the dry matter and energy expenditure per kg weight gain due to a lower feed intake and a higher live weight gain. The slaughtering parameter investigated and the chemical composition of the empty body remained uninfluenced. The daily nutrient retention values were positively influenced by the Monensin supplementation since the fattening bulls of the test group required 30 days less to achieve the attempted fattening weight. The additional retention of protein, fat and energy per animal and day in the dairy bulls approximately equal to 10.9; 13.5 and 16.4% and in the fattening hybrids 1.9; 3.2 and 2.6%. Due to a higher energy retention at a lower level of feed and energy intake after Monensin supplementation an average of approximately equal to 11.3 and 15.4% resp. more of the consumed digestible protein and the digestible energy resp. were retained in the empty bodies. One can conclude that Monensin improved the utilisation of feed energy; obviously the effect of the polyether antibiotic is due to its influence on processes in the rumen or directly or indirectly on metabolism. 相似文献
13.
A study was conducted on 20 "Rahmani" male lambs of 16 kg body weight fed on normal feed level and high vitamin A level (NF-HV); normal feed level and normal vitamin A level (NF-NV); low feed level and high vitamin A level (LF-HV) or low feed level and normal vitamin A level (LF-NV) till slaughter weight of 35-40 kg. Average daily gains of lambs were 211, 148, 117 and 87 g for the NF-HV, NF-NV, LF-HV and LF-NV groups, respectively. The corresponding feed conversions were 4.3, 5.9, 5.0 and 6.4 kg DM/kg gain. Raising feed intake and vitamin A level enhanced nutrients digestibility and nitrogen balance. Rumen liquor reflected higher pH value in animals fed higher intake (NF) in the first two diets. Both feed intake and vitamin A levels enhanced volatile fatty acids and ammonia concentrations in the rumen liquor. Feed intake and vitamin A levels positively affected haemoglobin content, packed cell volume, glucose, urea, total protein, vitamin A, insulin, cholesterol, phospholipids, glutamate oxaloacetate and glutamate pyruvate transaminases and alkaline phosphatase in blood Vitamin A, insulin, cholesterol and phospholipids in blood increased gradually over the experimental period. Dressing percentages were 56.2, 49.6, 49.1 and 44.6% for the experimental groups, respectively. Liver content of glycogen and vitamin A increased with increasing feed intake and vitamin A levels. It is concluded that higher levels of vitamin A supplementation (than usually recommended) is required during fattening of lambs. Low energy and normal vitamin A levels are not recommended in lambs feeding. 相似文献
14.
Tomomi BAN-TOKUDA Carole DELAVAUD Yves CHILLIARD Tsutomu FUJIHARA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(1):58-67
The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between changes in plasma leptin concentration and feed intake or bodyweight in female and castrated male lambs with fattening. Four female and four castrated male lambs were used and were fed roughage and concentrate supplemented with beef tallow ad libitum for 28 weeks. Although the feed intake and bodyweight increased with fattening in both the castrated male and female lambs, they decreased at 24–28 weeks in the female lambs. At the end of fattening, the crude fat content in the muscle (loin) of the female lambs was significantly higher than in the castrated male lambs (P < 0.05), while the crude protein content in the loin and fillet meat was higher in the castrated male than in the female lambs (P < 0.05). The plasma leptin concentration showed high values at a later stage of fattening (P < 0.05). In the female lambs the plasma insulin concentration increased at a later stage of fattening (P < 0.05) and was positively correlated (P < 0.0001, r = 0.78) with plasma leptin. Plasma metabolites (glucose, nonesterified fatty acid, total cholesterol and triglyceride) concentrations were also changed with fattening. Plasma total cholesterol was positively related to plasma leptin, more closely in the female than in the castrated male lambs (in females, r = 0.63, P < 0.001; in males, r = 0.38, P < 0.01). The accumulation of body fat was probably accelerated by the consumption of a lot of concentrate feed supplemented with treated beef tallow and by the stimulation of insulin with fattening. Consequently, the plasma leptin concentration increased, especially toward the end of the fattening period. The decrease in feed intake and bodyweight after the 24th week of fattening was possibly caused by an increase in leptin that is involved in the homeostatic regulation of body energy by regulating appetite. 相似文献
15.
Subsequent to a growth experiment with intensively fattened lambs the value of the carcasses of 4 animals each from 7 groups was determined. The control groups with mixed fattening feed for lambs and the groups with wheat and barley mixtures containing urea showed higher carcass yields, net gains, fat percentage and padding, dry matter and fat content of the carcass and lower quotas of important cuts as well as a lower crude protein content in the carcass than groups with grain without urea and groups with straw. This is due to the higher weight gains of the first-mentioned groups. There were no significant differences in the carcass characteristics between the animals of the control group and the grain-urea groups. The carcass quality of the male lambs was better than that of the female ones. 相似文献
16.
Live weight development and feed expenditure on 3 levels of crude protein supply and with isocaloric rations were investigated in scientific feeding experiments with 7 castrated male pigs each of the Bulgarian land race in the live weight range between 30 and 100 kg with a subdivision at 60 kg. The crude protein concentrations in the rations for the 3 groups were 17%, 15% and 13% in the first fattening period and 15% 13% and 11% in the second fattening period. In the two fattening periods the digestibility of the feed mixtures used was ascertained in experiments. The daily live weight gain in the three groups over the whole fattening period reached a high level of performance (836 g, 778 g and 757 g). The feed expenditure values were 3.3, 3.7 and 3.7 kg mixed feed (88% dry matter) per kg live weight gain. The highest protein supply resulted in the best weight gain performance and the lowest feed expenditure. 相似文献
17.
A total of 1,900 female broilers of the variety White Plymouth Rock was tested with 4 energy concentrations (10.5, 11.5, 12.6 and 13.6 MJ metabolizable energy/kg feed) and 4 protein concentrations (15.0, 17.5, 20.0 and 22.5% CP) in their first 56 days of life in 16 test groups. The animals were kept in cages and were directly exposed to the natural Cuban summer temperatures from their 15th day of life onwards. As every test group was run with 6 repetitions, the results could be variance analytically calculated. In a comparison of male and female broilers in summer one can state that the female animals achieved a lower intake of feed, energy and crude protein as well as a lower live weight than the male animals. In winter the female broilers consumed between 15.7 and 36.4% more feed and achieved a live weight gain between 11.1 and 43% higher than in summer. It could be shown that the maximum live weight of the female broilers could be achieved in summer if rations containing 12.6 MJ metabolizable energy and 20% CP are fed in a one-phase feeding system. 相似文献
18.
A total of 1,900 male broilers of the variety White Plymouth Rock was tested with 4 energy concentrations (10.5, 11.5, 12.6 and 13.6 MJ metabolizable energy/kg) and 4 protein concentrations (15.0, 17.5, 20.0 and 22.5% CP) in their first 56 days of life in 16 test groups. The animals were kept in cages and were directly exposed to the natural Cuban summer temperatures from their 15th day of life onwards. As every test group was run with 6 repetitions, the results could be variance analytically calculated. In a comparison of the behaviour of the male animals in winter and in summer it can be stated that the animals took in between 3.4 and 25% more feed in winter than in summer. In general, a lower body protein and body fat amount could be found in all test groups in summer compared to that in winter. Feed expenditure and the utilization of energy and protein were not as good as in winter. It could be shown that both maximum live weight and live weight gain can be achieved in the 2nd fattening period in the Cuban summer if rations containing 12.6 MJ metabolizable energy and 20% CP are fed in a one-phase feeding system. 相似文献
19.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cafeteria (CF) and conventional (CN) feeding systems on feed intake,
feed preferences with respect to voluntary feed source intake, feed conversion rate (FCR) and fattening performance of native
Awassi lambs. Sixteen, 3 month old male lambs were used and kept individually for 70 days. Lambs in CF (n = 8) were offered to consume the main ingredients of barley, soybean meal (SBM), sunflower seed meal (SFM) and alfalfa straw,
separately, while lambs in CN (n = 8) were fed with a concentrate feed containing 11.34 MJ/kg ME, 17.53% crude protein with the mixture of the same feed sources
and alfalfa straw. The initial and final live weights of lambs were similar among groups (P > 0.05). Daily voluntary intake
of ash, fat and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) consumptions among groups were quite different during the experiment (P < 0.001).
Neither biweekly nor total results of voluntary protein intake between groups were not found statistically significant (P > 0.05).
From beginning to the end of the study, the proportional barley intake increased 34 to 43% but reduced for SBM intake from
37 to 23% for the lambs in CF. On the other hand, the SFM intake of lambs did not changed significantly during the experiment
and ranged between 2–5%. Lambs in CF did not consume SFM to meet their protein requirement and had 12.5% better total FCR
result than the lambs in CN (6.86 and 7.84, respectively) (P > 0.05). The difference of average DWG, total live weight gain,
final live weight of lambs in groups were similar (P > 0.05). In conclusion, Awassi lambs in CF can select a diet matching
their nutritional requirements from a group of feed sources in response to their growth period when compared to CN system
and better FCR result might help to decrease the feed expenses for fattening of native Awassi lambs. 相似文献
20.
本研究以湖羊和澳湖F1代羔羊(澳洲白绵羊♂ × 湖羊♀)为研究对象,对其生长性能、屠宰性能、体组成和肌肉品质进行比较分析,综合评估湖羊与澳湖F1代羔羊育肥效果.随机选择湖羊和澳湖杂交F1代羔羊各61只,在相同的饲养环境和日粮下进行育肥和性能测定.饲养试验结束后立即屠宰,对试验羊只的生长性能、屠宰性能、体组成和肌肉品质等指标进行系统测定和比较.结果显示,湖羊和澳湖F1羔羊育肥期初始体重(0 d)、末期体重(60 d)无显著差异(P>0.05),全期平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)无显著差异(P>0.05),但在育肥前期(0～20 d)湖羊的ADG极显著高于澳湖F1代羔羊(P<0.01),而在育肥中期(20～40 d)和后期(40～60 d)澳湖F1代羔羊的ADG均显著高于湖羊(P<0.05).澳湖F1代羔羊的胴体胸围、臀围和眼肌面积显著大于湖羊(P<0.05).澳湖F1代羔羊的心脏重、肝脏重、肺脏重及其相对重(宰前活重)均极显著高于湖羊(P<0.01),但皮毛重、肾周脂重、肠系膜重、尾脂重及其相对重(宰前活重)均极显著低于湖羊羔羊(P<0.01).湖羊的熟肉率和屠宰结束后45 min肌肉pH极显著大于澳湖F1代羔羊(P<0.01),但澳湖F1代羔羊肌肉失水率、屠宰结束后24 h肉色b*2值和l*2值极显著优于湖羊(P<0.05).总体上来看,湖羊早期生长发育较快,但澳湖F1代羔羊后期生长潜力较大,且胴体性能优于湖羊,胴体脂肪沉积比湖羊少,肉用性能明显提高. 相似文献