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冀北山区不同植被恢复类型根际土壤细菌群落结构及多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究冀北山区不同植被恢复类型对根际土壤细菌群落结构特征和多样性影响,探索自然和人工恢复对土壤微生物的作用机制,为该区域植被恢复与管理提供理论依据。【方法】以自然恢复的灌草丛、灌木林、次生林以及人工恢复的人工林根面、根际和非根际土为研究对象,通过Illumina Miseq平台对细菌16S rRNA的V3—V4片段进行高通量测序,分析土壤细菌α、β和功能多样性、群落结构组成以及与环境因子的关系。【结果】1)各恢复类型细菌α多样性差异显著(P0.05),次生林土壤细菌丰度和多样性均高于人工林,灌草丛多样性高,丰度最低;灌木林丰度高,多样性最低。不同根际范围土壤细菌α多样性差异不显著(P0.05),整体表现为根面和根际土高于非根际土。2)次生林和人工林土壤细菌群落结构有一定相似性;次生林与灌草丛、灌木林土壤细菌群落结构差异较大。根际土与非根际土细菌群落结构有一定相似性,根面土与根际、非根际土细菌结构差异较大。3)变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门和厚壁菌门为优势类群。各样地有机质分解菌群(变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门)丰度差异显著,灌草丛和次生林显著高于其他样地,根面和根际土显著高于非根际土。固碳和固氮菌群(芽单胞菌门和厚壁菌门)分布较均匀。4)土壤田间持水量、有机质和全磷、植被分布均匀度、Simpson多样性指数和丰富度指数是影响土壤细菌群落的主要因素。土壤因子(田间持水量、有机质和全磷)对灌木林和灌草丛非根际土细菌影响极显著,对根面和根际土细菌作用较小;植被因子(植被分布均匀度、Simpson多样性指数和丰富度指数)对乔木林(次生林和人工林)不同根际范围土壤细菌群落影响均达到极显著水平。5)新陈代谢功能在KEGG上的编码基因数量最多,是土壤细菌的优势功能。各土样细菌群落KEGG功能基因序列数量和多样性差异显著,说明各植被恢复类型根际土壤中有许多具有各自独特功能的菌种,但土壤和植被不能决定土壤细菌功能多样性。【结论】恢复方式、植被类型和根系对冀北山区土壤细菌群落结构和多样性均有影响,其中恢复方式对土壤细菌多样性作用更明显,植被类型对土壤细菌群落结构影响更显著。距离根系越近,土壤细菌多样性越高,土壤细菌群落结构与非根际土差异越大。此外,环境因子如土壤养分、水分含量及植被分布状况等均与土壤细菌群落结构及多样性有关。 相似文献
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本研究以3年生油茶幼林为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术对有机肥、氮磷钾不同比例的有机无机复合肥以及不施肥处理下的油茶根际土壤细菌多样性及群落结构进行分析.研究结果表明:5个处理中Y1处理的OTU和特有微生物数量为最高;各个处理优势细菌有所不同,CK、Y1、Y2的优势菌种为绿弯菌门,而Y3、Y4的优势菌种为放线菌门;群落物种丰富度指数(Chao1指数和ACE指数)表明,施肥能提高土壤细菌的丰富度,其中Y1处理的Chao1指数、Y4的ace指数分别比对照提高了19.2％、20.3％;AN、AK、TK是油茶幼林根际土壤优势细菌的主要影响因子,Y1处理下土壤细菌的丰度为所有处理中最高.研究结果揭示了氮磷钾不同比例对油茶幼林根际土壤细菌的群落结构的和影响,为油茶幼林施肥提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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本研究以3年生油茶幼林为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术对有机肥、氮磷钾不同比例的有机无机复合肥以及不施肥处理下的油茶根际土壤细菌多样性及群落结构进行分析.研究结果表明:5个处理中Y1处理的OTU和特有微生物数量为最高;各个处理优势细菌有所不同,CK、Y1、Y2的优势菌种为绿弯菌门,而Y3、Y4的优势菌种为放线菌门;群落物种丰富度指数(Chao1指数和ACE指数)表明,施肥能提高土壤细菌的丰富度,其中Y1处理的Chao1指数、Y4的ace指数分别比对照提高了19.2％、20.3％;AN、AK、TK是油茶幼林根际土壤优势细菌的主要影响因子,Y1处理下土壤细菌的丰度为所有处理中最高.研究结果揭示了氮磷钾不同比例对油茶幼林根际土壤细菌的群落结构的和影响,为油茶幼林施肥提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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巨桉人工林生态系统根际与根外可培养土壤微生物数量季节变化研究表明,根际与根外细菌和放线菌季节变化规律基本一致,都表现为秋季显著高于冬季,而真菌数量季节之间差异不显著;巨桉人工林土壤微生物具有明显的根际效应(R/S值为1.40),各季节根际土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量显著高于根外;巨桉人工林根际土壤好气性细菌、真菌数量显著高于毗邻青冈次生林,根际土壤有效养分指标大多显著或极显著高于青冈次生林;根际土壤微生物与根际土壤养分之间存在密切的关系,根际土壤有机质、水解N、速效P与根际土壤微生物数量都呈极显著正相关。 相似文献
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以不同栽培代数的木麻黄(第1代FCP、第2代SCP、第3代TCP)根际土壤为试验材料,运用BIOLOG微平板和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)技术分析根际土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性对多代连栽响应。结果表明,不同代数的土壤微生物对各类碳源的利用程度存在显著差异,连栽后木麻黄根际土壤微生物对碳源利用率显著下降。在6类碳源中,除胺类外,其他5种碳源均呈现FCP>SCP>TCP。PLFA分析共检测到11种PLFA生物标记,FCP土壤微生物PLFA生物标记总量明显高于SCP和TCP,3个代数土壤中含量最高的PLFA生物标记是i16:0、a15:0和18:1ω9c。土壤中特征微生物含量差异明显,细菌分布量最大,其次是真菌和放线菌。随栽植代数增加,细菌含量减少,真菌含量增加。土壤微生物群落多样性指数均呈现FCP>TCP>SCP,与土壤理化性质变化密切相关。可见木麻黄连栽显著影响其根际土壤微生物群落结构与功能,因此根际土壤微生态失衡可能是导致木麻黄连栽障碍的重要因素。 相似文献
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五氯酚胁迫对杨树生长及根际微生物群落的响应特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用温室盆栽试验方法研究五氯酚污染胁迫对4个杨树品系生长及根际微生物特征的影响.结果表明:在不同浓度五氯酚污染胁迫下,供试杨树的株高和地径差异显著;氯仿熏蒸测试结果显示,杨树根际土壤微生物量碳含量随着五氯酚污染浓度增加而下降,表明五氯酚对土壤微生物活性产生毒害作用;Biolog测定结果显示:五氯酚污染处理的杨树根际土壤微生物平均每孔颜色变化率值始终大于对照,主成分分析结果也显示五氯酚污染处理对杨树根际土壤微生物的碳源利用造成显著影响,初步判断一定浓度范围的五氯酚与根际分泌物的联合作用有利于增强根际土壤微域内特定微生物群落的生理代谢活性,从而增加其碳源利用程度.结果表明:杨树根际土壤微生物群落的Shannon指数,Simpson指数和McIntosh指数均高于对照,微生物群落的丰富度、均匀度和优势度得到增强,并且五氯酚对土壤微生物的刺激作用随浓度的增加而增强. 相似文献
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除草剂草甘膦对板栗根际土壤微生物多样性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
近年来,除草剂的使用已成为提高作物产量和品质的一种常用手段,伴随而来的是土壤微生物多样性失调及污染严重等生态问题。为了促使板栗能健康生长并保证其果实品质,利用Illumina Miseq高通量技术,分别对草甘膦施用后不同时间采集的根际土壤样品中细菌16S rRNA的V3-V4区和真菌ITS1-ITS2区进行测序,分析微生物群落的组成和多样性的变化情况。多样性分析结果表明:以草甘膦处理6和12d后,板栗根际土壤细菌的多样性和丰富度均无显著变化,真菌多样性显著降低,真菌丰富度先增加后不变。群落结构分析结果表明:板栗根际土壤优势细菌菌门主要是变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门等,优势真菌菌门主要是子囊菌门和担子菌,随着草甘膦处理时间的增加,变形菌门、子囊菌门的相对丰度均先增加后不变,酸杆菌门的相对丰度先增加后降低,担子菌门的相对丰度先增加后保持不变。研究结果表明:草甘膦对板栗根际土壤微生物多样性及群落组成均产生了一定的影响,其影响随着施药时间的延长而发生变化。 相似文献
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杉木人工林不同发育阶段根际与非根际土壤微生物变化趋势 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
本文通过对杉木人工林不同发育阶段根际土壤和非根际土壤微生物数量及种类的研究,发现根际土壤中的细菌数量明显高于非根际土壤的,中龄杉木林根际土壤及非根际土壤中细菌数量明显低于幼龄林和成熟林,特别是在中龄杉木林根际土壤中枯草芽孢杆菌在细菌中所占比率明显低于幼龄林和成熟林的;无论是在根际还是非根际土壤中,放线菌数量的变化均无明显规律,但在类群组成上,中龄林土壤中,主要类群仅有白色类群、黄色类群和灰褐类群,而幼龄林和成熟林类群较丰富;无论是在根际还是在非根际土壤中,从幼龄到中龄杉木人工林,土壤真菌数量呈明显下降趋势,从中龄林到成熟林,则呈上升趋势,且在种类分布上,杉木中龄林根际土壤中青霉属所占比例明显高于幼龄林和成熟林的;研究结果表明,比较研究根际土壤微生物和非根际土壤微生物对于揭示杉木人工林生长发育和土壤性质变化的关系,防治地力衰退,提高林木产量,是颇有价值的。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献