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为了筛选出防治稻瘟病效果较好的药剂,试验采用5种防治稻瘟病的药剂进行田间药效试验,共施药3次,每次间隔14 d,结果表明,75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG 20 g/667 m2、25%咪鲜胺EC 100 g/667 m2对水稻叶瘟、穗颈瘟的防治效果略优于20%三环唑WP 85 g/667 m2、2%春雷霉素RT 120 g/667 m2,与40%稻瘟灵WP 80 g/667 m2的防效差异显著。其中75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG 20 g/667 m2对水稻叶瘟、穗颈瘟均有良好的防治效果,增产率达20.18%,增产效果明显且无药害现象发生。 相似文献
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本研究开展了15%丙唑·戊唑醇SC和2种常规药剂对小麦赤霉病田间药效防治对比试验。结果表明,15%丙唑·戊唑醇SC制剂用量为80 g/667m2时可有效预防小麦赤霉病,防效达92.0%,高于常规药剂45%戊唑·咪鲜胺EW用量30 g/667m2和43%戊唑醇SC用量30 g/667m2的防效;15%丙唑·戊唑醇SC对小麦有明显的增产作用,与常规药剂45%戊唑·咪鲜胺EW相比,增产23 kg/667m2,增收49.5元/667m2,与常规药剂43%戊唑醇SC相比,增产38 kg/667m2,增收85元/667m2。 相似文献
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肟菌·戊唑醇对水稻穗颈瘟预防效果及应用技术研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
田间试验结果表明,肟菌·戊唑醇在破口前5d喷施,能有效预防水稻穗颈瘟,其防效随着用药量的增加而显著提高,其中20g/667m2用药1次的防效为95.47%,显著优于肟菌·戊唑醇10g/667m2+三环唑40g/667m2破口前5d用药1次后齐穗期三环唑40g/667m2再用药1次的处理(高3.93个百分点),极显著优于肟菌·戊唑醇15g/667m2破口前5d用药1次的处理(高6.51个百分点),以及对照药剂三环唑40g/667m2破口前5d和齐穗期连续用药2次的处理(高16.38个百分点),持效期长、安全性好,而且田间综合表现为水稻青秆黄熟,因此在生产上具有良好的推广应用前景。 相似文献
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为了保证对农田生态和稻米食用安全,降低用药成本,2011年在叙永县实施了水稻重大病虫害组合用药技术示范。示范结果表明:在水稻分蘖末期施用拜耳组合药剂氟虫双酰胺.阿维菌素100克/升悬浮剂30mL/667m2+肟菌.戊唑醇75%水分散粒剂10g/667m2、孕穗末期施用拜耳组合药剂吡虫啉70%水分散粒剂4g/667m2+肟菌.戊唑醇75%水分散粒剂15g/667m2,对水稻重大病虫害(二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、白背飞虱、稻瘟病、纹枯病)防效表现较好,平均防效可达88.76%。该组合药剂高效低毒,可以在叙永县作为防治水稻重大病虫害药剂推广应用。 相似文献
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为有效测定75%肟菌戊唑醇WG(拿敌稳)对水稻稻曲病的防治效果、施药时间、使用方法及对水稻的安全性等,开展了该药剂的田间药效试验及应用技术研究。结果表明:75%肟菌戊唑醇WG(拿敌稳)3 000倍对水稻稻曲病有很好的防治效果,连续2次用药后11 d和23 d的防效分别达83.7%和82.3%,极显著优于对照药剂4%井冈霉素AS 250倍的防效,其不但持效期长、安全性好,而且增产效果极显著优于4%井冈霉素AS 250倍,比清水对照增产8.8%,因此在生产上具有良好的推广应用前景。 相似文献
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Ladhalakshmi Duraisamy Srinivas Prasad Madamsetty Prakasam Vellaichamy Krishnaveni Donempudi Sailaja Banda Ram Singh 《国际虫害防治杂志》2019,65(2):177-185
False smut disease of rice caused by the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, has become a serious production constraint in various rice-growing regions of India. Analysis of rice false smut disease survey data of last 24 years revealed significant changes in the intensity of the disease in various rice-growing regions of India over the years. We evaluated three fungicide formulations viz., trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole (TT) combination (0.04%), kresoxim methyl (KM) (0.1%) and propiconazole (PC) (0.1%) for their effectiveness against false smut disease of rice. Under in vitro condition, TT and PC completely inhibited the fungal growth while KM inhibited the growth by 80%. We evaluated the efficacy of these chemicals in a multi-location trial in 3 hot spot locations, consecutively for three years. A single fungicide spray was given in 3 different crop stages (booting, 50% panicle emergence and 100% panicle emergence). The results indicated that all the treatments significantly reduced the percentage of both infected panicles and spikelets in all the three locations. Both TT and PC were most effective in reducing the disease intensity and increasing the yield when applied either in booting or in 50% panicle emergence stage. 相似文献
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生育期水分调控对河西地区滴灌春小麦生长和水分利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探索干旱地区有利于春小麦生长和提高产量的大田滴灌灌水模式,以春小麦永良4号为试验材料,在不同生育期(苗期~分蘖,拔节~孕穗,抽穗~开花,灌浆~成熟)设置5个土壤水分下限W1(55%、60%、55%、50%),W2(60%、65%、60%、55%),W3(65%、70%、65%、60%),W4(70%、75%、70%、65%)和充分灌溉(CK)(75%、80%、75%、70%),研究了不同生育期土壤水分调控对河西地区滴灌春小麦生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:一定施肥水平下,随着土壤水分下限的提高,各处理株高、叶面积指数均不断增大,在成熟期充分灌溉(CK)处理分别比W4处理高2.19%和7.93%;不同水分下限处理条件下,春小麦干物质的总积累量和成熟期干物质向籽粒的分配量均为W4处理最大,比CK分别显著高5.63%和17.14%;各处理春小麦产量和水分利用效率随着土壤水分下限的增加均呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,其中W4处理的水分利用效率比W3处理降低2.82%,但其产量分别比W3、CK处理增加7.53%和4.07%。从节水增产的角度考虑,W4处理可作为基于本试验条件下较适宜的水分处理。 相似文献
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土壤水分调控对南疆滴灌棉花生长、品质及水分利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对南疆地区水资源短缺、棉田水分利用效率低等问题,研究膜下滴灌条件下土壤水分下限调控对棉花生长、产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响。以棉花品种新陆中66号为材料,以田间持水量(FC)为土壤水分上限,棉花生育期设置85%FC(T1)、75%FC(T2)、65%FC(T3)、55%FC(T4)和45%FC(T5)5个土壤水分下限来调控土壤水分。结果表明：土壤水分下限的提升对株高和生物量有明显的促进作用, 土壤水分下限从 45%FC增至85%FC,棉花株高和生物量分别增加了25.80%和25.38%;随着土壤水分下限的降低,灌溉定额减少,T1处理灌溉定额最大（378 mm）,T2、T3、T4、T5处理与之相比分别节水11.64%、33.07%、33.95%、46.83%;随着土壤水分下限的提升,棉花产量逐渐增大,但土壤水分下限过高,棉花单株有效铃数降低,产量增加不再明显,水分利用效率较低;土壤水分下限为75%FC时棉花单株有效铃数、单铃重增加,产量和水分利用效率分别达到7 146.4 kg·hm-2和1.40 kg·m-3;土壤水分调控对棉花纤维品质有显著影响,土壤水分下限越低,马克隆值越大,成熟度指数越高,断裂比强度和断裂伸长率减少,采用主成分分析法得出T2为棉花品质综合较优的处理。因此,建议在膜下滴灌方式下南疆盐碱地区棉花土壤水分下限控制在75%FC为宜,非生育期进行冬灌淋盐,冬灌定额为300 mm,生育期灌溉定额为334 mm,整个生育期灌水12次,灌水周期为8 d。 相似文献
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控释尿素与普通尿素配施对春玉米产量、氮肥利用及经济效益的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在黄土高原东部春玉米主产区连续3 a开展大田定点试验,设置不施氮（CK）、控释尿素与普通尿素不同配比：0（CRU0%）、25%（CRU25%）、50%（CRU50%）、75%（CRU75%）、100%（CRU100%）共6个施肥处理,研究控释尿素与普通尿素不同配施比例对春玉米产量、氮素利用和经济效益的影响,并建立控释尿素配施比例与产量、氮肥表观利用率和施肥收益之间的关系,以确定最佳配施比例,为筛选适于在黄土高原东部推广应用控释掺混配方肥提供科学依据。研究结果表明：（1）控释尿素与普通尿素配施能显著提高玉米产量,增加施肥收益,且随着配施比例的增加,2项指标均呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中CRU75%处理的春玉米产量和施肥收益最高,分别较CRU0%处理增加了1 273 kg·hm-2（11.9%）和1 735元·hm-2（65.7%）。（2）与CRU0%处理相比,控释尿素不同配施比例处理显著提高了玉米氮素利用率、农学效率和偏生产力,提高幅度依次为24.73%~43.87%、38.22%~61.24%和7.45%~11.93%,且均以CRU75%处理最高。（3）控释尿素与普通尿素配施处理显著降低了0~100 cm土层土壤中氮残留量和氮素表观损失量,CRU75%处理氮残留量和氮表观损失量最低,分别为119.8 kg·hm-2和247.5 kg·hm-2。（4）控释尿素配施比例与春玉米产量、氮肥表观利用率和施肥收益均存在显著一元二次关系,基于此3项指标推算出控释尿素的适宜配施比例分别为64.3%、71.2%和61.8%。控释尿素与普通尿素配合施用有利于促进春玉米生长发育,获得增产增收并提高氮素效率,综合各因素确定黄土高原东部春玉米生产的控释尿素适宜配比为60%~75%。 相似文献
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S SAUDY Hani 《干旱区科学》2020,12(4):630-639
The abundance of broad-leaved weeds in peanut fields represents the handicap in weed management programs, since limited specific herbicides can be recommended to control them. Moreover, the physio-biochemical constituents and nutritional status in peanut plants as affected by available herbicides, i.e., bentazone under water stress conditions are not well known. Therefore, field trials were conducted during the growing seasons in 2016 and 2017 to investigate the interactional impact of irrigation levels (I50, I75 and I100, representing irrigation by 50%, 75% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration, respectively) and weed control practices (bentazone, bentazone+hoeing once, hoeing twice and weedy check as control) on dominant broad-leaved weeds as well as peanut physiological and agronomic traits. Result indicated that the efficiency of weed control for each weeded treatment under I50 significantly equaled with its counterpart under I75 or I100. Bentazone+hoeing once diminished weed biomass by 89.3% and enhanced chlorophyll content of peanut plants by 51.2%. Bentazone relatively caused a reduction in carotenoides. Hoeing twice and bentazone+hoeing once under I100 in both growing seasons as well as hoeing twice under I75 in 2017 were the superior combinations for boosting pod yield of peanut plants. Treatment of bentazone+hoeing once and I75 recorded the lowest reduction in N utilization percentage and the highest increase in potassium utilization percentage of peanut plants. Eliminating weeds enhanced water use efficiency by 37.8%, 49.6% and 34.7% under I50, I75 and I100, respectively. In conclusion, peanut seems to be tolerant to bentazone at moderate water supply, thus it can be safely used in controlling the associated broad-leaved weeds. 相似文献
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测定了不同春季储水灌溉定额下啤酒大麦出苗率、生长发育动态、土壤水分变化、耗水规律及水分利用效率,并结合气象资料比较不同灌水处理的优越性,分析不同春季储水灌溉定额对土壤水分、降水利用及作物产量的影响。结果表明,将冬季储水灌改为春季储水灌从技术层面上切实可行;在适宜灌水定额条件下,采用春季储水灌溉技术较冬季储水灌溉技术可减少储水灌灌溉水量75 mm,减少土壤蒸发37.4%,水分利用效率提高26.2%。在实际大麦种植生产中应以春季储水灌定额75 mm,生育期灌水5次,灌水定额75 mm为宜,这样不仅可节约有限水资源,还可提高地温及水分利用效率,达到节水、增效的目的。 相似文献
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Amygdalus pedunculata Pall. is a major species that is widely planted in afforested soils with different textures in the transitional zone between Mu Us Desert and Loess Plateau, China. However, the responses of A. pedunculata to increasing intensity of water stress in different textural soils are not clear. Here, we conducted a soil column experiment to evaluate the effects of different textures (sandy and loamy) on water consumption, water use efficiency (WUE), biomass accumulation and ecological adaptability of A. pedunculata under increasing water stress, i.e., 90% (±5%) FC (field capacity), 75% (±5%) FC, 60% (±5%) FC, 45% (±5%) FC and 30% (±5%) FC in 2018. A. pedunculata grown in the sandy soil with the lowest (30% FC) and highest (90% FC) water contents had respectively 21.3%-37.0% and 4.4%-20.4% less transpiration than those with other water treatments (45%-75% FC). In contrast, A. pedunculata transpiration in the loamy soil decreased with decreasing water content. The magnitude of decrease in transpiration increased with increasing level of water deficit (45% and 30% FC). Mean daily and cumulative transpirations of the plant were significantly lower in the sandy soil than in the loamy soil under good water condition (90% FC), but the reverse was noted under water deficit treatments (45% and 30% FC). Plant height, stem diameter and total biomass initially increased with decreasing water content from 90% to 75% FC and then declined under severe water deficit conditions (45% and 30% FC) in the sandy soil. However, these plant parameters decreased with decreasing water content in the loamy soil. WUE in the sandy soil was 7.8%-12.3% higher than that in the loamy soil, which initially increased with decreasing water content from 90% to 75% FC and then declined under water deficit conditions (45% and 30% FC). The study showed that plant transpiration, biomass production and WUE responded differentially to increasing intensity of water stress in the sandy and loamy soils. The contrasting responses of A. pedunculata to water stress in different textural soils can guide future revegetation programs in the northern region of Chinese Loess Plateau by considering plant adaptability to varying soil and water conditions. 相似文献
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于2015—2016年选用优质小麦品种新麦26进行大田试验,在拔节期和开花期分别设置目标相对含水量为田间持水量的70%、75%、80%进行补灌。通过3个测墒补灌处理W70、W75、W80和一个传统灌溉Wck,用全生育期补灌水(W0)为对照,研究不同生育时期和不同目标含水量的测墒补灌对冬小麦产量、耗水特性、品质等的影响。结果得出:冬小麦在拔节期和开花期补充灌水量为WckW80W75W70;四个灌水处理下冬小麦对土壤水的消耗量主要分布在0～80 cm土层且测墒补灌处理增加了对土壤水的消耗比例。三个测墒补灌处理下的冬小麦湿面筋含量显著高于Wck。水分利用效率为W75W70W80WckW0,W70、W75、W8处理之间差异不显著。W75处理下籽粒产量显著高于W70。综合考虑不同处理的灌水量、籽粒产量和水分利用效率等指标,可得在本试验条件下在冬小麦的需水关键期(拔节期、开花期)将土壤墒情保持在田间持水量的75%为较佳灌水处理,冬小麦高产节水成效显著。 相似文献
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为了明确籽用西葫芦种子携带病毒的情况,以籽用西葫芦种子为材料,采用多重PCR技术检测种子带毒率。同时为了筛选出有效脱除病毒的方法,通过相对定量法分析了不同温度湿热和干热处理对种子携带病毒的钝化效果。结果表明,从7个籽用西葫芦品种种子幼苗中均可检测到CMV、ZYMV及WMV,其检出率分别为67.1%、50.0%和72.3%,多个病毒的复合检出率为66%。不同品种种子幼苗的病毒检出率有明显差异,其中‘粒丰9号’种子幼苗的病毒检出率最低,为60%,而‘京丰9号’,‘瑞丰9号’,‘绿丰9号’及‘金葫360’的病毒检出率均为100%。8种处理均能不同程度降低籽用西葫芦种子幼苗的带毒率,其中干热60、70、75℃,湿热75℃处理同时脱除WMV、CMV和ZYMV的效果最好。 相似文献