共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
为了安全防除抗草铵膦转基因马铃薯田间杂草,以转Bar基因马铃薯为试验材料,分析比较了有效成分1 440 g·hm-2灭草松(T1)、99 g·hm-2 11%砜嘧磺隆·精喹禾灵(T2)、1 440 g·hm-2灭草松+ 99 g·hm-2 11%砜嘧磺隆·精喹禾灵复配剂(T3)、1 695 g·hm-2草铵膦(T4)、923 g·hm-2草甘膦(T5)和清水(CK)处理下杂草防效、马铃薯生长指标、块茎产量及品质特性和药剂残留情况。结果表明,草甘膦在杀灭杂草的同时,也杀死了马铃薯植株,受害率达100%;灭草松、11%砜嘧磺隆·精喹禾灵和草铵膦对马铃薯均未产生药害,但因对杂草的防效不同而导致达到的增产效果差异显著。药后45 d时,灭草松和11%砜嘧磺隆·精喹禾灵复配剂(T3)对阔叶杂草的株、鲜重防效较灭草松单独处理(T1)分别提高35.13和38.71个百分点,较11%砜嘧磺隆·精喹禾灵单独处理(T2)分别提高23.88和16.29个百分点,对禾本科杂草的株、鲜重防效较T1分别提高78.36和80.92个百分点,较T2分别提高11.85和8.23个百分点,马铃薯单株产量较CK、T1和T2分别增加58.39%、35.52%和11.44%。草铵膦(T4)对阔叶和禾本科杂草的株、鲜重防效都显著高于T1、T2和T3,单株产量较CK、T1、T2和T3分别增加67.40%、43.24%、17.79%和5.6%。因此,用有效成分1 695 g·hm-2的草铵膦可以高效防治转Bar基因马铃薯田间杂草,但为了防止转Bar基因马铃薯连作时,因靶标除草剂草铵膦作用单一而诱导杂草产生草铵膦抗性的风险,建议用有效成分 1 440 g·hm-2 的灭草松和99 g·hm-2 11%砜嘧磺隆·精喹禾灵复配剂与草铵膦轮换防治杂草。本研究为转Bar基因马铃薯大面积种植中田间杂草的科学防治提供了科学依据。 相似文献
2.
在前茬抗草铵膦马铃薯的苗期喷施10%草铵膦水剂6 000、7 500、9 000 mL/hm2,分析了不同浓度的10%草铵膦水剂对下茬小麦、玉米和扁豆出苗率的影响。结果表明,在前茬马铃薯喷施10%草铵膦水剂的下茬小麦出苗率均略低于喷清水对照;下茬玉米出苗率大于等于清水对照;下茬扁豆出苗率在低剂量下与清水对照相等,中剂量下高于清水对照,高剂量下低于清水对照,但均未达到显著水平。上茬喷施推荐剂量的草铵膦,对下茬玉米的出苗率没有不良影响,高剂量对下茬小麦和扁豆出苗率有一定的影响,但均未达到显著水平。 相似文献
3.
水稻密码子优化基因Mat#增强草铵膦抗性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
来自细菌Nocardia sp.AB2253的蛋氨酸砜N-乙酰基转移酶基因(methionine sulfone Nacetyltransferase gene,Mat)编码产物具有N-乙酰基转移酶活性,能解除灭生性除草剂草铵膦的毒性,但在植物中表达效率较低.本研究用水稻(Oryza sativa)偏爱密码子优化的Mat#基因转化籼稻品系9K(Oryza sativa ssp.indica),经过PCR和Southern杂交验证,证明该基因已经整合至水稻基因组中.除草剂抗性检测结果显示,该转化体的芽期草铵膦耐受浓度至少为600 mg/L、秧苗期草铵膦耐受浓度至少为1 000 mg/L,对草铵膦的抗性水平不低于转双丙氨酰膦抗性基因(bialaphos resistance gene,Bar)水稻9KA2.酶活性测定结果显示,该转化体叶片中的N-乙酰基转移酶活性约为非转基因对照中的6.6倍.说明优化后的Mat#基因增强了草铵膦抗性,可作为转化筛选标记和抗除草剂目的基因应用于转基因作物育种. 相似文献
4.
建立了基于亲水作用色谱-串联质谱的非衍生化法测定绿茶中草甘膦、草铵膦及其代谢物3-(甲基膦基)丙酸、N-乙酰草铵膦残留的方法.样品经水提取,HLB小柱净化,以0.9％甲酸的水和乙腈为流动相,阴离子极性农药色谱柱(100mm×2.1mm,5μm)色谱分离,负离子扫描模式下多反应监测模式质谱检测,基质匹配外标法定量.结果显... 相似文献
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6.
滴施不同铵硝比例氮肥对马铃薯生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在盆栽试验条件下,以滴灌施肥方式探讨滴施不同铵硝比例氮肥对马铃薯生长、产量和品质的影响。研究结果表明:在本试验条件下,滴施不同铵硝比例氮肥对马铃薯植株生物量的积累差异不显著;滴施铵态氮肥有利于提高马铃薯块茎中N的浓度,而滴施硝态氮肥有利于提高马铃薯块茎中Ca的浓度;滴施不同铵硝比例氮肥处理马铃薯的淀粉含量、干物质含量、灰分含量等均差异不显著,块茎产量也差异不显著,但马铃薯商品薯比例以滴施铵硝比例为50/50氮肥处理的最高,达到92.01%。 相似文献
7.
百合田间种植易受杂草危害,为寻求高效低毒、适用于百合生产的新型除草剂及其使用技术,本试验研究了我国创制的新型高效除草剂丙酯草醚对百合田间杂草的控制情况和对其生长的影响规律,同时利用高效液相色谱法检测了其在百合鳞茎中的残留。结果表明,丙酯草醚作为土壤处理剂,于杂草芽前处理,在60 g ai·hm~(-2)用药剂量下能有效防除百合田间禾本科和部分阔叶杂草,杂草鲜重总防效为87.2%;百合田早期喷施丙酯草醚,不仅对百合整个生育期的植株无药害,而且处理组百合在现蕾期、始花期和盛花期的株高、地上部鲜重、花蕾数、花苞数和花朵数均极显著大于对照组,丙酯草醚处理显著促进了百合的生理和生殖生长。高效液相色谱分析结果表明,百合田早期喷施丙酯草醚,在处理组百合鳞茎中未检出丙酯草醚残留(检测限0.001 mg·kg~(-1)FW)。由此可见,丙酯草醚能用于百合田间杂草防除,对百合生长及其食用是安全的。本研究结果为百合田间杂草防除提供了科学依据和技术支持。 相似文献
8.
不同铵硝比对菠菜生长、安全和营养品质的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过水培试验,研究了等氮条件下5种不同铵硝比对菠菜生长和品质的影响。结果表明:(1)从铵硝比100∶0到0∶100,菠菜地上部鲜重不断增加,铵硝比为0∶100时,菠菜的鲜重达最大值;但铵硝比25∶75和0∶100两个处理菠菜的干物重没有显著差异(p<0.05)。(2)随着铵硝比的降低,菠菜茎叶中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐的含量均表现为线性增加;菠菜茎叶中可溶性草酸的含量和营养液中铵硝比之间呈现出二次曲线相关,在铵硝比为25∶75时,菠菜茎叶中草酸含量最低。适当增施铵态氮有利于降低菠菜硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及草酸的含量。(3)增铵可以提高菠菜Vc含量,铵硝比为50∶50的处理菠菜Vc含量最高;随着铵硝比的下降,菠菜茎叶中可溶性糖的含量逐渐降低,而粗蛋白的含量则以铵硝比25∶75处理最高。 相似文献
9.
《农产品质量与安全》2014,(6):72-72
<正>2014年7月底,韩国向WTO成员发布通报,宣布拟修订食品标准和规范,具体内容包括:(1)制定和修改食品内杀虫剂的最大残留限量,涉及82种杀虫剂,包括芝麻、南瓜内的草铵膦(glufosinate)等;同时,对于无最大残留限量标准的坚果种子(咖啡、花生等)及热带水果(香蕉、芒果等),将采用0.01 mg/kg的一律标准;(2)准许膨腹海马(hippocampus abdominalis)作为原料用于具有限定用途的食品(food with limited use);(3)将棘皮动物与被 相似文献
10.
【目的】固定态铵作为土壤氮素的暂存库,其含量的变化能够影响土壤的保氮供氮功能,而深入探究氮肥减施对土壤固定态铵的影响及其对秸秆还田的响应,可为优化农田氮肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】依托位于中国东北黑土区玉米种植系统连续9年全量玉米秸秆覆盖归还的保护性耕作试验平台,通过设置玉米秸秆不还田(S0)、秸秆还田量33%(S33)和秸秆全量覆盖还田(S100)3个秸秆还田量处理,以及240 kg hm-2(N240)、190 kg hm-2(N190)、135kg hm-2(N135)、0 kg hm-2(N0)4个氮素施用水平,研究氮素减施3年后土壤固定态铵总量的变化以及不同秸秆还田量对固定态铵的影响。【结果】秸秆不还田时,土壤固定态铵总量随施氮量降低而逐渐下降,且在不施氮肥处理(N0)时显著低于施氮肥处理;在S33N190时土壤-作物系统出现氮素缺乏,并且随施氮量的下降土壤固定态铵降低量与氮素缺乏量之间具有显著的正相关关系。在所有氮肥水平,秸秆还田尤其是全量秸秆还田均有利于缓解固定态铵的释放,但在N135... 相似文献
11.
糖醇螯合钙肥对马铃薯产量、品质及养分吸收的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用恒温水浴加热的方法合成糖醇螯合钙(自制钙肥),与美国布兰特公司生产的糖醇螯合钙(市售钙肥)同时进行马铃薯大田喷施试验,研究糖醇钙对马铃薯产量、品质和钙素吸收、迁移转化的影响。研究结果表明:①与不施钙肥(喷施等量清水)相比,自制钙肥与市售钙肥处理分别增产10.9%和12.1%,大薯率分别提高5.4%和3.7%,两种钙肥处理均降低了中、小薯率;自制钙肥与市售钙肥处理块茎硝态氮含量分别下降28.8%和31.6%,自制钙肥处理马铃薯的可溶性蛋白的含量和氮素积累量分别增加7.2%和20.9%,市售糖醇钙处理马铃薯的可溶性蛋白含量和氮素积累量均降低3.2%。②钙肥处理均提高了马铃薯各器官的钙素含量,在出苗后80 d,自制钙肥与市售钙肥处理的马铃薯根中钙含量分别增加8.0%和9.0%,茎中钙含量分别增加10.1%和6.8%,叶片中钙含量分别增加1.8%和6.8%,块茎中钙含量分别增加26.7%和20.0%。③施用钙肥均提高了马铃薯各器官与全株的钙素累积量,自制钙肥与市售钙肥处理的马铃薯根中钙素累积量均提高20.0%,茎中钙素积累量分别提升97.1%和55.7%,叶片中钙素积累量分别提升56.5%和45.8%,块茎中钙素积累量分别提高56.3%和50.0%,全株钙素积累量整体提高62.1%和47.0%。自制钙肥处理的马铃薯根、茎、块茎和全株的钙素累积量均显著高于市售钙肥。综上,在同等钙浓度下,两种钙肥均促进了马铃薯产量提升,与市售钙肥相比自制螯合钙肥更利于钙素的吸收和迁移。 相似文献
12.
Im HW Suh BS Lee SU Kozukue N Ohnisi-Kameyama M Levin CE Friedman M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(9):3341-3349
Potato plants synthesize phenolic compounds as protection against bruising and injury from bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insects. Because antioxidative phenolic compounds are also reported to participate in enzymatic browning reactions and to exhibit health-promoting effects in humans, a need exists for accurate methods to measure their content in fresh and processed potatoes. To contribute to our knowledge about the levels of phenolic compounds in potatoes, we validated and used high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to measure levels of chlorogenic acid, a chlorogenic isomer, and caffeic acid in flowers, leaves, stems, and tubers of the potato plant and in home-processed potatoes. The total phenolic acid content of flowers (626 mg/100 g fresh wt) was 21 and 59 times greater than that of leaves and stems, respectively. For all samples, chlorogenic acid and its isomer contributed 96-98% to the total. Total phenolic acid levels (in g/100 g fresh wt) of peels of five potato varieties grown in Korea ranged from 6.5 to 42.1 and of the flesh (pulp) from 0.5 to 16.5, with peel/pulp ratios ranging from 2.6 to 21.1. The total phenolic acid content for 25 American potatoes ranged from 1.0 to 172. The highest amounts were present in red and purple potatoes. Home processing of pulp with various forms of heat induced reductions in the phenolic content. The described methodology should facilitate future studies on the role of potato phenolic compounds in the plant and the diet. 相似文献
13.
不同马铃薯品种对Cd、Pb吸收累积的差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用田间试验法,以中南地区主要种植的11个马铃薯品种为研究对象,测定马铃薯植株各部位重金属Cd、Pb含量,探讨不同品种的马铃薯对Cd、Pb的吸收累积差异,为马铃薯的安全种植提供实践参考。结果表明:Cd—Pb复合污染下,马铃薯块茎鲜重、茎叶鲜重以及根、茎叶、块茎中Cd、Pb含量在品种间均表现出显著差异。11个马铃薯品种块茎Cd含量范围为0.39～0.67 mg/kg,超标率100%,块茎Pb含量为0.16～0.43 mg/kg,超标率81.8%。马铃薯各部位Cd、Pb含量均呈现根茎叶块茎的分布特点;马铃薯对Cd的富集系数为2.35～5.56,对Pb富集系数为0.11～0.22,马铃薯富集转运Cd的能力大于Pb。尽管复合重金属靶标危险系数(TTHQ)法评价显示,金湘等5种马铃薯的TTHQ值1,对人体健康风险较小,但结合块茎Cd、Pb含量,建议污染区种植的马铃薯作为工业原料使用更安全。 相似文献
14.
植物叶片截留特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植物最大截留量是分析植物截留量的重要参数,分别采用浸泡法和喷水法测定了13种植物叶片的最大截留量。结果表明:（1）不同植物叶片最大截留量相差较大,喷水法测定的植物叶片最大截留量从腊梅叶片的0.008 g/cm2到小叶杨叶片的0.03 g/cm2,差异性显著（p < 0.05）,因此精确分析植物截留量时应考虑物种差异。（2）叶长、叶宽、叶周长、叶鲜重与叶片最大截留量的相关性不显著,而叶面积与叶片最大截留量遵循线性函数变化。（3）对于刺槐、杏树、石楠、柿子、柳树、小叶杨、石榴、白榆树、竹子、马铃薯、腊梅叶片而言,喷水法测得叶片最大截留量大于浸泡法,对于毛豆、樱桃而言,浸泡法测量的最大截留量值大于喷水法测量值。 相似文献
15.
Park S Kang TS Kim CK Han JS Kim S Smith RH Pike LM Hirschi KD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(14):5598-5603
Increased calcium (Ca) in potatoes may increase the production rate by enhancing tuber quality and storability. Additionally, increased Ca levels in important agricultural crops may help ameliorate the incidence of osteoporosis. However, the capacity to alter Ca levels in potato tubers through genetic manipulations has not been previously addressed. Here we demonstrate that potato tubers expressing the Arabidopsis H+/Ca2+ transporter sCAX1 (N-terminal autoinhibitory domain truncated version of CAtion eXchanger 1) contain up to 3-fold more Ca than wild-type tubers. The increased Ca appears to be distributed throughout the tuber. The sCAX1-expressing potatoes have normally undergone the tuber/plant/tuber cycle for three generations; the trait appeared stable through successive generations. The expression of sCAX1 does not appear to alter potato growth and development. Furthermore, increased Ca levels in sCAX1-expressing tubers do not appear to alter tuber morphology or yield. Given the preponderance of potato consumption worldwide, these transgenic plants may be a means of marginally increasing Ca intake levels in the population. To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempts to use biotechnology to increase the Ca content of potatoes. 相似文献
16.
Anthocyanins gain more and more importance as natural colourants. Besides many other plant species, coloured potatoes could
serve as a potential source. Therefore, 27 potato cultivars and four breeding clones of different origin were analysed for
their anthocyanin contents in fresh weight (fw). On average the highest amounts of anthocyanins were found in the skin (0.65 g kg−1 fw) of potatoes. The corresponding values of samples taken from whole tubers (0.31 kg−1 fw) and flesh (0.22 kg−1 fw) were significantly lower (p<0.03). The analysis revealed considerable differences in the amounts of anthocyanins between the 31 cultivars/breeding clones.
Among them ȁ8Peru Purpleȁ9 revealed the highest anthocyanin content in the skin with 2.96 g kg−1 fw. A similar high value was reached by ȁ8Violettfleischigeȁ9 and clone 1.81.202–92 N. Also for the other two types of samples,
flesh and whole tubers, these three genotypes exhibited the highest level of anthocyanins. Interestingly, different rates
of nitrogen fertilization at 100 and 200 kg ha−1 had no significant effect on the pigment content of potatoes. The same was observed with respect to the year or the location
of plant growth. There were also no significant changes in the anthocyanin contents of tubers during storage for 135 days.
In dry matter, starch and protein contents the coloured potato cultivars/breeding clones were comparable with traditional
cultivars. Further tests have shown that the glycoalkaloids were mainly localized in the skin of coloured potatoes. 相似文献
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Bogumił Rychcik Jadwiga Wierzbowska Milena Kaźmierczak-Pietkiewicz Arkadiusz Światły 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2020,70(4):349-359
ABSTRACTThe content of macronutrients in potato tubers arouses interest because of their substantial consumption in the world and significant role in elements' budget in human diet. The research objective has been to evaluate the content of macronutrients in tubers of potatoes grown in different systems of crop production in Poland. In 2012–2014, an experiment was conducted to test potato cultivation in three-crop production systems: conventional, integrated and organic. In each of the six-field crop rotation systems, there were five potato cultivars classified into different earliness groups. The following macronutrients in dry mass of potato tubers were determined: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and Cl, and the various ratios between them were calculated. The research carried out proved that potatoes production systems affect the chemical composition of tubers, which is additionally modified by whether condition and genetic features of cultivars. Potato tubers from organic farming contained by about 20% less N than tubers from conventional or integrated systems. Potato tubers from organic production system displayed lower content of Ca and Na in comparison with the conventional and integrated systems. The least of P and S were detected in tubers of the potatoes grown conventionally. 相似文献
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Virginia Damin Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin Tiago de Godoy Barbosa Saul Jorge Pinto de Carvalho Milton Ferreira Moraes 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):1830-1842
Nitrogen (N) mineralization from black oat residues (Avena strigosa), with or without previous application of herbicides, and its utilization by corn crop were investigated. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized setup, with three treatments and ten replicates. The treatments were: A) control - corn grown in soil with residues of black oats harvested without herbicide application; B) glyphosate - corn grown in soil with residues of glyphosate-desiccated black oat; and C) glufosinate - corn grown in soil with residues of black oat previously desiccated with glufosinate-ammonium. The remaining black oat residues on the soil surface were smaller in the control treatment than in glyphosate and glufosinate treatments. Black oat residues from the control treatment released 30% and 20% more carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), respectively, than from herbicide treatments. Microbial biomass carbon, total and mineral soil N arising from black oat residues were reduced by herbicide management. Black oat residues treated with glyphosate reduced corn total-N by 16%; however, dry mass yield was not affected by the treatments. Herbicide application on black oat reduced the total amount of residue-released nitrogen in the corn kernels, leaves and the whole plant. Net nitrogen mineralization from black oat residues is affected by the application of glyphosate or glufosinate-ammonium. 相似文献