共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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猪是重要的农业经济动物,猪肉是人类获得蛋白质营养物质的主要途径之一。与此同时,猪在解剖学、生理学及遗传背景、疾病特征等方面与人类极为相似。因此,猪既是农业动物生产性状改良的重要对象,又是人类疾病、异种器官移植等生物医学领域的研究对象。随着基因编辑技术的飞速发展,出现了越来越多操作简单、运用广泛且安全的新型编辑技术,可以快速获得单碱基编辑、基因敲除或敲入的细胞系,并通过体细胞克隆等技术获得基因编辑猪。综述了基因编辑猪的制备及其在农业及医学领域中的研究进展,以期为猪的农业生产性状改良和医学研究提供参考。 相似文献
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简要回顾了20多年来国内外转基因猪的研究,在对猪生产性能的遗传改良、用猪作为生物反应器生产医用蛋白以及用猪作为异种器官移植的供者等方面．取得的一些重要进展：概述了原核注射法、精子介导法、逆转录病毒感染法和体细胞核移植法转基因技术的建立和发展历程：对转基因猪的遗传稳定性进行了讨论。并根据国内外发展的态势和我国养猪业的现状．提出了转基因猪研究方向和技术路线的发展方略． 相似文献
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转基因技术改良家畜的现状与趋势 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
2006年8月,全球第一个通过乳腺生物反应器生产的药物ATryn批准上市,这标志着转基因技术在动物农业和生物医药产业的发展进入到一个新的黄金时期.作者从转基因技术的发展状况入手,综述了国内外利用转基因技术应用于改良家畜的研究历史、现状和产业化进展.动物克隆技术的发展不仅极大提高了转基因效率,同时还为家畜基因敲除和定点整合提供了新的途径;转基因动物在药物生产、疾病模型、干细胞治疗和异种器官移植等方向研发速度正在加快;近年来,在转基因动物育种领域,肉质、生长速度等重要生产性状的转基因改良也取得了突破.另一方面,国际上对转基因动物研究及其利用的生物安全性评估也日臻完善.显然,转基因动物产业正在初露端倪,其必将对人类社会发展产生重要的影响. 相似文献
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猪肉质性状遗传改良研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
肉质性状是猪的重要经济性状,对肉质性状的改良是农业动物遗传育种研究领域的重大课题之一.本文概述了猪肉质性状的定义与测定方法;评述了肉质性状的遗传特性和已确定的主效基因及候选基因等方面的最新研究进展;探讨了猪肉质性状改良研究中存在的问题及今后研究的方向和前景. 相似文献
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抗病力性状改良一直以来都是猪遗传育种研究的重点,然而由于这类性状度量困难,而且遗传力相对较低,常规手段改良进展速度缓慢。因此,研究人员除了通过传统方法在培育种猪,还专注于利用基因编辑技术研究宿主基因来抑制病毒,培育高效抗病的种猪新品种。随着基于基因编辑技术的精准定位与修饰、脱靶效应的降低、生长因子调节等应用的完善,未来生猪养殖高效抗病基因编辑猪产业化将成为可能。该文分析了当前种猪业的发展现状,结合基因编辑技术的原理、伦理评价方面进行了综述,旨在为研究精准基因编辑抗病育种的广大科研工作者提供参考。 相似文献
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猪在农业和医学领域均具有重要应用价值,利用基因修饰技术能够快速提高猪的经济性状和培育
人类疾病动物模型。CRISPR/Cas9 基因编辑技术具有操作简单、高效和低成本的优势,在猪基因修饰领域具有重
要应用。但 CRISPR/Cas9 易引发基因组结构不稳、大范围染色体重排和基因脱靶等问题,因而具有潜在的生物
安全风险。近年基于 CRISPR/Cas9 开发的碱基编辑技术可以实现单个碱基定向转换,不会导致 DNA 双链断裂,
理论上不会引发插入 / 缺失（Indels）,对基因编辑更精准、更安全。随着碱基编辑工具的不断开发和改良,其
不仅能产生 C → T（A → G）突变,还能产生 C、A 两种碱基的同时突变以及 C → G 突变,增加了应用范围;改
良的碱基编辑工具在保持编辑效率的同时能够降低甚至消除旁侧突变、非 C → T（A → G）突变以及 Indels,使
得碱基编辑技术在猪遗传修饰上具有更加重要的潜在应用价值。综述了不同的碱基编辑系统原理、碱基编辑技
术在基因修饰猪模型构建和猪遗传改良中的应用,以及碱基编辑系统在猪成纤维细胞中的编辑效率和脱靶情况,
以期为开展猪碱基编辑应用实践提供参考。 相似文献
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小型猪实验化及其在胚胎生物工程领域的应用前景 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
小型猪实验化在医学和生命科学研究中具有重要意义。通过对小型猪培育的现状与前景、以及小型猪在胚胎生物工程领域的应用进行综述，重点介绍异种器官移植和转基因猪生产。 相似文献
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Mengke YUAN Yuanpeng GAO Jing HAN Teng WU Jingcheng ZHANG Yongke WEI Yong ZHANG 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2020,7(2):171-180
Transgenic ruminants are a valuable resource for both animal breeding and biomedical research. The development of transgenic breeding is proceeding slowly, because it suffers from low efficiency of gene transfer and possible safety problems from uncontrolled random integration. However, new breeding methods combined with genome editing and somatic cell nuclear transfer or microinjection can offer an economic and efficient way to produce gene-edited ruminants, which can serve as bioreactors or have improved disease resistance, animal welfare and product quality. Recent advances in precise genome editing technologies, especially clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 nucleases, are enabling the systematic development of gene-edited ruminant production. This review covers the development of gene-edited ruminants, the particulars of site-specific engineered nucleases and the state of the art and new insights into practical applications and social acceptance of genome editing technology in ruminants. It is concluded that the production of gene-edited ruminants is feasible and through improvements in genome editing technology it is possible to help feed the world. 相似文献
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《农业科学学报》2017,(12)
Domestic pigs are the second most important source of meat world-wide, and the genetic improvement of economic traits, such as meat production, growth, and disease resistance, is a critical point for efficient production in pigs. Through conventional breeding and selection programs in pigs, which are painstakingly slow processes, some economic traits, such as growth and backfat, have been greatly improved over the past several decades. However, the improvement of many polygenetic traits is still very slow and challenging to be improved by conventional breeding strategies. The development of reproductive knowledge and a variety of techniques, including foreign gene transfer strategies, somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) and particularly, recently developed nuclease-mediated genome editing tools, has provided efficient ways to produce genetically modified(GM) pigs for the dramatic improvement of economic traits. In this review, we briefly discuss the progress of genomic markers used in pig breeding program, trace the history of genetic engineering, mainly focusing on the progress of recently developed genome editing tools, and summarize the GM pigs which have been generated to aim at the agricultural purposes. We also discuss the specific challenges facing application of gene engineering in pig breeding, and future prospects. 相似文献
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Global population will increase to over nine billion by 2050 with the doubling in demand for meat and milk. To overcome this challenge, it is necessary to breed highly efficient and productive livestock. Furthermore, livestock are also excellent models for human diseases and ideal bioreactors to produce pharmaceutical proteins. Thus, genetic engineering of domestic animals presents a critical and valuable tool to address these agricultural and biomedical applications. Overall, genetic engineering has evolved through three stages in history: transgenesis, gene targeting, and gene editing. Since the birth of the first transgenic pig, genetic engineering in livestock has been advancing slowly due to inherent technical limitations. A major breakthrough has been the advent of somatic cell nuclear transfer, which, for the first time, provided the technical ability to produce site-specific genome-modified domestic animals. However, the low efficiency of gene targeting events in somatic cells prohibits its wide use in agricultural and biomedical applications. Recently, rapid progress in tools and methods of genome engineering has been made, allowing genetic editing from mutation of a single base pair to the deletion of entire chromosomes. Here, we review the major advances of genetic engineering in domestic animals with emphasis placed on the introduction of latest designer nucleases. 相似文献
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我国人工驯化野猪历史悠久,各地区结合当地条件培育出众多具有地方特色的猪种,使我国成为
世界上猪种资源最为丰富的国家。我国大部分地方猪种具有肉质细嫩和肌内脂肪含量高等优良肉质性状,但存
在生长缓慢、瘦肉率低和饲料转化率低等缺点,而利用西方瘦肉型猪进行杂交育种可以弥补我国地方猪种的上
述缺点,可以促进地方猪种生长和提高瘦肉产量,但对肉质性状产生不利影响。此外,瘦肉型猪种的引入也给
我国地方猪种的生存带来严重冲击,导致许多地方猪种数量急剧下降,甚至濒临灭绝。而基因编辑技术的出现
和应用,为地方猪种的遗传改良带来了许多突破性进展。综述 CRISPR/Cas9 基因编辑技术的发展历程及其在猪
繁殖性能、产肉性能、抗病性能和性别控制等遗传改良中的研究进展,以期加深人们对基因编辑技术在家猪遗
传育种中具有特殊作用的认识。 相似文献
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Pigs are one of the most important domesticated animals and have great value in agriculture and biomedicine. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are a dominant type of genetic variation among individual pigs and contribute to the formation of traits. Precision single base substitution provides a strategy for accurate genetic improvement in pig production with the characterization of functional SNPs and genetic variants in pigs. Base editing has recently been developed as the latest gene-editing tool that can directly make changes in single nucleotides without introducing double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs), providing a promising solution for precise genetic modification in large animals. This review summarizes gene-editing developments and highlights recent genetic dissection related to SNPs in major economic traits which may have the potential to be modified using SNP-editing applications. In addition, limitations and future directions of base editing in pig breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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The rapid development of biotechnology has provided a greater understanding of the biological functions of major candidate genes that have important functions regarding economic traits, and new materials for livestock breeding have been obtained through gene editing (GE) and embryo manipulation with the purpose of improving quality and output and reducing the costs and risk of disease. Public concerns, particularly over safety risks and production performance, must be addressed. Evaluation is the most important component of the regulation of gene-edited livestock and is a crucial guarantee of public safety before the marketing of gene-edited animal products. Here, the system of evaluation of gene-edited livestock is discussed in terms of public safety and production performance. The search for safe and ethical applications in the GE of livestock, a case-by-case evaluation strategy, and classification and simplification are used in order to promote a more efficient, objective, comprehensive and operable evaluation system. 相似文献