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1.
Serum creatinine concentrations, 24-hour endogenous creatinine clearance, and 24-hour urinary gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (UGGT) activity were measured daily in 6 dogs given nephrotoxic dosages of gentamicin (10 mg/kg of body weight) every 8 hours for 10 days. Mean UGGT activity was significantly increased by day 5 (P less than 0.05) and preceded significant increases in serum creatinine values (greater than 2.0 mg/dl) observed on day 9. Endogenous creatinine clearance remained within normal limits (2.98 +/- 0.96 ml/min/kg) until day 8. Urinalyses performed 8 days after initiation of gentamicin treatment indicated renal tubular damage (granular casts) in 1 of the 6 dogs, and glucosuria in 3 of the 6 dogs. Measurement of UGGT activity was a more sensitive and reliable method of assessing acute renal tubular damage induced by gentamicin than were serum creatinine concentrations or 24-hour endogenous creatinine clearance.  相似文献   

2.
Serum uric acid and phosphorus concentrations were determined for 27 dogs with multicentric lymphosarcoma before and after chemotherapy. Mean serum uric acid values in dogs before treatment were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than those of a control group of healthy dogs. Serum uric acid values did not change after treatment. Of the 27 dogs, 13 had 24-hour urine collections to determine endogenous creatinine clearance and quantitation of uric acid and phosphorus excretion before and after treatment for lymphosarcoma. Mean values for 24-hour creatinine clearance before and after treatment were statistically similar in dogs with lymphosarcoma, although the values were lower than those in a normal range. Total urinary phosphorus excretions were increased significantly (P less than 0.01) after treatment without change in fractional excretion. Chemotherapeutic agents used accounted for the significant (P less than 0.05) increase in urine volume after treatment and may have affected the excretion of uric acid and phosphorus. Seemingly, dogs with uncomplicated lymphosarcoma rarely have renal dysfunction or clinically important alterations in uric acid or phosphorus excretion secondary to rapid tumor lysis. However, preexisting renal disease or systemic complications, such as hypercalcemia, may be associated with increased risk of further renal impairment during treatment.  相似文献   

3.
The correlation between 24-hour urinary excretion of N -acetyl-β- d -glucosaminidase (NAG) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) with urine NAG and GGT/creatinine ratios was assessed in dogs with gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicosis. Eighteen 6-month-oid male Beagles with normal renal function were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6. Each group was fed a different concentration of protein (high protein, 27.3%; medium protein, 13.7%; and low protein, 9.4%) for 21 days. After dietary conditioning, gentamicin was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg IM tid for 8 days and each group was continued on its respective diet. Endogenous creatinine clearance and 24-hour urinary excretion of NAG and GGT were determined after dietary conditioning (day 0) and on days 2, 4, 6, and 8 of gentamicin administration. In addition, urine NAG and GGT/creatinine ratios (IU/L ± mg/dL) were determined from catheterized spot urine samples obtained between 7 and 10 am on the same days. The correlation between 24-hour urinary enzyme excretion and urine enzyme/creatinine ratio in the spot urine samples was evaluated by simple linear regression analysis. Spot sample urine enzyme/creatinine ratios were significantly correlated with 24-hour urinary enzyme excretion through day 4 for dogs on low dietary protein, through day 6 for those on medium protein, and through day 8 for those on high dietary protein. Mean ± SD baseline values for urine NAG/creatinine ratio and 24-hour urinary NAG excretion were 0.06 ± 0.04 and 0.19 ± 0.14 IU/kg/24 hr, respectively. Baseline values for urine GGT/creatinine ratio and 24-hour urinary GGT excretion were 0.39 ± 0.18 and 1.42 ± 0.82 IU/kg/24 hr, respectively.  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diuretic effects, tolerability, and adverse effects of furosemide and torsemide after short- and long-term administration in healthy dogs. ANIMALS: 8 mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURES: In a crossover study, furosemide (2 mg/kg), torsemide (0.2 mg/kg), or placebo (bifidobacterium [1 mg/kg]) was administered orally to each dog every 12 hours for 14 days. Blood and urine samples were collected before the study (baseline data) and at intervals on the 1st (short-term administration) and 14th day (long-term administration) of treatment for assessment of urine volume and specific gravity and selected clinicopathologic variables including BUN, creatinine, and aldosterone concentrations, and creatinine clearance. RESULTS: Compared with the baseline value, short-term administration of furosemide or torsemide immediately increased urine volume significantly; after long-term administration of either drug, urine specific gravity decreased significantly. Compared with the effect of placebo, the 24-hour urine volume was significantly increased after short-term administra-tion of furosemide or torsemide. In addition, it was significantly increased after long-term administration of torsemide, compared with that of short-term administration. Long-term administration of furosemide or torsemide increased the BUN and plasma creatinine con-centrations, compared with the baseline value. Compared with the baseline value, plasma aldosterone concentration was significantly increased after long-term administration of either drug and was significantly higher after torsemide treatment than after furosemide treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs, diuretic resistance developed after 14 days of furosemide, but not torsemide, administration; however, both loop diuretics were associated with increased BUN and plasma creatinine concentrations, compared with values before treatment.  相似文献   

5.
Plasma clearance of creatinine was evaluated for assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs. In 6 healthy dogs (Experiment 1), we determined 24-hour urine clearance of endogenous creatinine, plasma, and urine clearances of exogenous creatinine administered at 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg in a crossover design (linearity study), plasma iothalamate clearance, and plasma and urine clearances of 14C-inulin. In Experiment 2, plasma creatinine and iothalamate clearances were compared, and a linearity study was performed as for Experiment 1 in 6 dogs with surgically induced renal impairment. Experiment 3 compared plasma creatinine clearance with plasma iothalamate clearance before and 3 weeks after induction of moderate renal impairment in 6 dogs. Plasma creatinine clearances were calculated by both noncompartmental and compartmental analyses. In Experiment 1, plasma inulin clearance was higher (P < .001) than other clearance values. Plasma creatinine clearances at the 3 dose rates did not differ from urine inulin clearance and each other. In Experiment 2, plasma creatinine clearances were about 14% lower than plasma iothalamate clearance (P < .05). In Experiment 3, decreases in GFR assessed by plasma clearances of iothalamate and creatinine were similar. Renal failure decreased the daily endogenous input rate of creatinine by 25%. Limiting sampling strategies for optimizing GFR calculation were proposed, allowing an error lower than 6.5% with 4 blood samples. These results suggest that determination of plasma creatinine clearance by a noncompartmental approach offers a reliable, inexpensive, rapid, and convenient means of estimating GFR in routine practice.  相似文献   

6.
Effects of collection time and food consumption on the variability of the urine protein/creatinine ratio were determined in 10 healthy dogs. In trial 1, dogs were fasted for 12 hours, and urine specimens were obtained by bladder catheterization every 2 hours over an 8-hour collection period during the day. After a 1-week rest, the dogs were entered into trial 2. Dogs were fed at least 60 kcal of a high protein meal/kg of body weight, and urine specimens were obtained every 2 hours over an 8-hour period during the day. Urine total protein and urine creatinine concentrations and the urine protein/creatinine ratio were determined for each urine specimen obtained. Friedman's 2-way analysis by ranks was used to determine the constancy of this ratio over the 4 periods in the 2 trials (fasted and fed). There was no significant variability (P greater than 0.05) in ratios over the 8-hour collection periods in the fasted or fed trial. Feeding did not significantly alter this ratio, because there was no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) in the urine protein/creatinine ratios of the dogs when they were fasted, compared with those of the dogs when they were fed. Seemingly, urine specimens obtained anytime during the day from dogs in both trials (fasted and fed) reflected the urine protein/creatinine ratio.  相似文献   

7.
Thirty healthy male dogs were randomly assigned to receive carprofen (4 mg/kg intravenously), ketoprofen (2 mg/kg intravenously) or saline (0.2 ml/kg intravenously) at induction of anaesthesia for castration surgery. A routine castration was undertaken and a buccal mucosal bleeding time was assessed at the completion of surgery. Twenty-four hours after surgery a 24-hour endogenous creatinine clearance study was undertaken. Buccal mucosal bleeding time was not significantly different between the three groups. Creatinine clearance was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.01) in the two groups of dogs that received a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug compared with that in the dogs that received sterile saline. There was no significant difference between the carprofen and ketoprofen groups with respect to creatinine clearance.  相似文献   

8.
Thirty healthy male dogs were randomly assigned to receive carprofen (4 mg/kg intravenously), ketoprofen (2 mg/kg intravenously) or saline (0.2 ml/kg intravenously) at induction of anaesthesia for castration surgery. A routine castration was undertaken and a buccal mucosal bleeding time was assessed at the completion of surgery. Twenty-four hours after surgery a 24-hour endogenous creatinine clearance study was undertaken. Buccal mucosal bleeding time was not significantly different between the three groups. Creatinine clearance was significantly lower (P < or = 0.01) in the two groups of dogs that received a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug compared with that in the dogs that received sterile saline. There was no significant difference between the carprofen and ketoprofen groups with respect to creatinine clearance.  相似文献   

9.
Quantitative urinalysis in kittens from four to thirty weeks after birth.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
To evaluate renal function and obtain reference values for measurements of urinary excretion of various substances, quantitative urinalysis was performed in healthy, growing kittens from 4 to 30 weeks after birth. Endogenous creatinine clearance, 24-hour urine protein excretion, and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio were determined. Additionally, fractional excretion to creatinine clearance was calculated for calcium, inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and chloride. Mean +/- SD endogenous creatinine clearance values (range, 3.80 +/- 0.48 to 4.74 +/- 0.61 ml/min/kg) were significantly (P less than 0.0001) higher in kittens 9 to 19 weeks old, compared with younger (range, 1.39 +/- 0.85 to 3.59 +/- 0.86 ml/min/kg) and older kittens (range, 2.69 +/- 0.40 to 3.46 +/- 0.37 ml/min/kg). Mean values for all kittens for 24-hour urine protein excretion (range, 2.54 +/- 1.81 mg/kg at 4 weeks to 11.39 +/- 7.61 mg/kg at 14 weeks) and for urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (range, 0.14 +/- 0.03 to 0.34 +/- 0.18) varied from week to week of age. The urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in kittens greater than or equal to 9 weeks old correlated well (R2 = 0.861) with 24-hour urine protein excretion. Urinary fractional excretion of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and chloride in kittens varied among age groups, being significantly (P less than 0.01) different for potassium and calcium in young kittens (4 to 6 weeks) and older kittens (greater than or equal to 7 weeks).  相似文献   

10.
Glomerulonephritis has been associated with exogenous glucocorticoid administration and spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism in the dog. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of long-term glucocorticoid therapy on urine protein:creatinine ratios (UP/Cs) and renal morphology. Nine young-adult male dogs were determined to be healthy and have normal renal function as assessed by physical examination, CBC, serum biochemistry analysis, Knott's test for Dirofilaria immitis , urinaly-sis, urine culture, urine protein electrophoresis, endogenous creatinine clearance, 24-hour urinary protein excretion, and UP/C. Prednisone was administered to each dog at a dosage of 2.2 mg/kg PO bid for 42 days. Urinalysis and UP/C were performed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42 of treatment. Mean UP/C on day 0 was 0.29 ± 0.10. Mean UP/C increased progressively to a maximum of 1.27 ± 1.02 on day 28. Mean UP/C on day 42 decreased slightly (0.92 ± 0.56) but remained significantly increased above baseline.
The most consistent renal light microscopic finding on necropsy examination was generalized hypercellular glomerular tufts, suggestive of mesangial cell proliferation. Four dogs also had occasional adhesions of glomerular tufts to Bowman's capsule, accompanied by thickening of the capsule. Direct immunofluorescence for immunoglobulin deposition was negative in all dogs. Electron microscopy, evaluated in 7 dogs, was characterized by occasional mild segmental thickening of basement membranes, fusion of visceral cell foot processes, and glomerular adhesions. The results of this study indicate that long-term administration of glucocorticoids results in significant proteinuria and glomerular changes in the dog.  相似文献   

11.
Nonproteinuric and proteinuric dogs were studied to determine whether the urine protein/creatinine ratio from a 24-hour urine sample could be used to predict urine protein excretion. Urine protein/creatinine ratios estimated from urine produced during daylight hours and from that produced during nighttime hours were compared to determine whether time of sample collection influenced the prediction of the urine protein excretion value. Urine protein/creatinine ratios in urine from male dogs were compared with those from female dogs to determine whether sex had an influence on the value. Hospitalized and nonhospitalized dogs were used to determine the effect of exercise restriction. The urine protein/creatinine ratio varied significantly between healthy and proteinuric dogs (P = 0.0001). It was not influenced by collection period or sex. Animals not confined to hospital cages had a significantly lower urine protein/creatinine ratio than did hospitalized animals confined to a cage (P = 0.003).  相似文献   

12.
The daily excretion of urinary protein was evaluated in 8 conditioned research dogs and in 10 hospitalized, proteinuric dogs, using 24-hour urine collections. Concurrent with each 24-hour urine collection, a 5- to 10-ml urine specimen was obtained during midday. The ratio of urine protein to urine creatinine concentration was determined from the single urine specimen for each dog. Linear regression analysis was used to calculate the correlation between that ratio and the 24-hour urinary protein loss (mg/kg of body weight). The coefficient of determination was significant (r2 = 0.95, P less than 0.0001). Determination of the protein-to-creatinine ratio in a single urine specimen was found to be a sensitive, rapid, and dependable diagnostic technique for detection and quantitative estimation of proteinuria.  相似文献   

13.
The effect of captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, was studied in rats subjected to Escherichia coli pyelonephritis. Eight weeks after pyelonephritis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats, the rats were randomly assigned to treatment groups based on urinary protein excretion. In experiment 1, rats were given captopril, 50 mg/kg of body weight, or saline solution via daily intraperitoneal injection. To eliminate complications with captopril-induced peritonitis, experiment 2 was performed in which rats were given the same treatment by daily gavage. In both experiments, 24-hour urinary protein excretion in the saline-treated rats was significantly greater than that of the captopril-treated rats after 12 weeks of treatment (P less than 0.05). Plasma urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, and endogenous creatinine clearance did not differ between treatment groups during the course of therapy in experiment 1. There were no differences in these values in experiment 2, except at week 8 of treatment when the captopril-treated rats had significantly lower plasma creatinine and higher endogenous creatinine clearance than did the saline-treated rats (P less than 0.05). There was also no difference between treatment groups in the degree of morphologic renal damage based on light microscopic evaluation of kidneys at the end of treatment.  相似文献   

14.
A blinded, multicenter, prospective clinical trial assessed the effects of enalapril (EN) versus standard care in dogs with naturally occurring, idiopathic glomerulonephritis (GN). Twenty-nine adult dogs with membranous (n = 16) and membranoproliferative (n = 13) GN were studied. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either EN (0.5 mg/kg PO q12-24h; n = 16) or placebo (n = 14) for 6 months (1 dog was treated first with the placebo and then with EN). All dogs were treated with low-dose aspirin (0.5-5 mg/kg PO q12-24h) and fed a commercial diet. At baseline, serum creatinine (SrCr), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and glomerular histologic grade were not different between groups, but the urine protein/creatinine ratio (UP/C) was greater in the EN group compared with the placebo group (8.7 +/- 4.4 versus 4.7 +/- 2.3). After 6 months of treatment, the change in UP/C from baseline was significantly different between groups (EN = -4.2 +/- 1.4 versus 1.9 +/- 0.9 in the placebo group). When data were adjusted for changes in SrCr (SrCr X UP/C) a similar significant reduction was noted ( 2.2 +/- 15.2 versus 8.4 +/- 10.1). The change in SBP after 6 months of treatment also was significantly different between groups (EN = -12.8 +/- 27.3 versus 5.9 +/- 21.5 mm Hg in the placebo group). Response to treatment was categorized as improvement (assigned a value of 2), no progression (assigned a value of 1), and progression (assigned a value of 0). Response was significantly better in the EN group (1.4 +/- 0.8) compared with the placebo group (0.3 +/- 0.5). These results suggest that EN treatment is beneficial in dogs with naturally occurring idiopathic GN.  相似文献   

15.
To determine the role of thromboxane A2 in the pathogenesis of experimentally induced immune complex glomerulonephritis, 12 concanavalin A-immunized Beagles were infused with 1 mg of concanavalin A via each renal artery and treated twice daily for 8 days with either 30 mg of CGS 12970/kg, PO, a specific thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, or placebo. The effect of treatment was assessed by measuring endogenous creatinine clearance and urine protein and eicosanoid excretion, and by evaluating changes in glomerular morphometric characteristics. On postinfusion day 8, urine protein, thromboxane B2, and 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 excretion, glomerular epithelial crescent formation, and glomerular cell proliferation in the CGS 12970-treated dogs were significantly decreased when compared with values in the placebo-treated group. Differences were not observed in endogenous creatinine clearance, urine prostaglandin E2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha excretion, or glomerular polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration between groups in this study. These findings suggest thromboxane A2 has a role in the development of immune complex glomerulonephritis and that thromboxane synthetase inhibition may be beneficial in attenuating some of the functional and histological changes associated with immune complex glomerulonephritis.  相似文献   

16.
Twelve Beagles were inoculated with concanavalin A, and after a mean ninefold increase in antibody titer, 1 mg of concanavalin A was infused into each renal artery of each dog to induce in situ immune complex glomerulonephritis. Starting 4 weeks after renal arterial infusion, 6 dogs were treated orally 3 times daily with 30 mg of 3-methyl-2 (3 pyridyl)-1-indolectanoic acid (CGS 12970)/kg of body weight, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, and 6 dogs (control group) received a gelatin capsule 3 times daily. Endogenous creatinine clearance and 24-hour urinary excretion of protein and thromboxane B2 were determined for each dog prior to renal arterial infusion, at the initiation of treatment and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after initiation of treatment. In addition, methyoxy-3H inulin clearance was determined at initiation of treatment and 4 and 8 weeks later. Renal specimens were examined histologically at the initiation of treatment and 4 and 8 weeks later. Glomerular mononuclear profiles/microns 3 were determined from at least 10 equatorially sectioned glomeruli from each dog. Paired t tests were used to compare mean values at the various time points to the respective mean baseline value and 2-sample t tests were used to evaluate differences between treatment groups. At the start of treatment (4 weeks after renal arterial infusion of concanavalin A), histologic evaluation of renal specimens revealed glomerular epithelial crescent formation, mononuclear cell proliferation, and infiltration of neutrophils. Mononuclear cell profiles and urinary excretion of protein and thromboxane B2 were significantly increased, but endogenous creatinine clearance values were unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

17.
To evaluate indices of renal function in healthy, growing Beagle puppies from 9 to 27 weeks of age and to determine whether indices change with age during this period. Animals-6 healthy Beagle puppies. PROCEDURE: Urine collections were performed at 2-week intervals in puppies 9 to 27 weeks old. Daily excretion of urinary creatinine, protein, sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, and calcium were determined, as were quantitative urinalyses including endogenous creatinine clearance, urine protein-to-creatinine ratios (UPr/C), and fractional clearances of sodium (FNa), potassium (FK), chloride (FCI), calcium (FCa), and phosphorus (FP). RESULTS: Significant differences among age groups were detected for endogenous creatinine clearance, and daily urinary protein, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus excretion. Significant differences also existed among age groups for UPr/C, FNa, FK, FCI and FP. Age-related effects fit a linear regression model for FNa, UPr/C, daily phosphorus excretion, and daily protein excretion. Quadratic regression models were judged most appropriate for endogenous creatinine clearance, FK, daily chloride excretion, and daily potassium excretion. Endogenous creatinine clearance measurements higher than adult reference ranges were observed from 9 to 21 weeks of age. The FNa, FK, FCI, FCa, and FP were slightly higher than those reported for adult dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Selected results of quantitative urinalyses in healthy 9- to 27-week-old Beagle puppies differ with age and differ from those measured in adult dogs. Diagnostic measurements performed in puppies of this age range should be compared with age-matched results when possible.  相似文献   

18.
Because dogs with bladder cancer often have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, the identification and use of a tumor marker that could facilitate earlier diagnosis is a valid approach to improve prognosis. The objective of this study was to determine if urine concentrations of the proan-giogenic peptide, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), are high in dogs with bladder cancer compared with normal dogs and dogs with urinary tract infection. We used a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test kit to quantitate bFGF in the urine of 17 normal dogs, 10 dogs with urinary tract infection, and 7 dogs with locally active transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. In normal dogs, the median urine bFGF concentration was 2.23 ng/g creatinine (quartile range, 1.53 to 5.12 ng/g creatinine). The median urine bFGF concentration in dogs with urinary tract infection did not differ significantly from normal dogs. Dogs with bladder cancer had significantly higher urine bFGF concentrations than normal dogs ( P < .002) and dogs with infection ( P < .02). The median urine bFGF concentration in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma was 9.86 ng/g creatinine (quartile range, 7.40 to 21.63 ng/g creatinine). Six of 7 dogs with bladder cancer had urine bFGF concentrations that were up to 7.4 times the 90th percentile value for normal dogs. Only 1 of 10 dogs with infection had a urine bFGF concentration that exceeded the 90th percentile of normal. These data suggest that canine bladder cancers export bFGF, and that urine bFGF may be useful as a diagnostic tumor marker or noninvasive indicator of treatment response. J Vet Intern Med 1996;10:231–234. Copyright © 1996 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine .  相似文献   

19.
Renal function and pathologic changes in 27 dogs with pyometra were studied. Evaluation included CBC; serum biochemical evaluation; urinalysis; urine and uterine bacteriologic culture; uterine morphologic features; and light, electron, and immunofluorescent microscopic evaluation of renal tissues. Measurements of 24-hour creatinine clearance, protein excretion, Na excretion, and urine volume were made in 12 dogs without azotemia. Of 27 dogs, 26% were azotemic and 89% had a urine sp gr less than 1.035. Glomerular filtration rate was reduced in 75% of 12 dogs without azotemia. None of these 12 dogs was proteinuric. Examination of renal biopsy specimens revealed a high prevalence of mild tubulointerstitial nephritis, but few specific glomerular lesions. Minimal immunofluorescence was detected within the mesangium in 18% of the dogs. Immunofluorescence was not associated with the interstitium or tubules. Urinary tract infection was detected in 22% of the dogs. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were recovered from the uterus in 59 and 15% of the dogs, respectively. Low urine specific gravity values were obtained from dogs without azotemia and from dogs with uterine cultures considered negative for E coli and other gram-negative bacteria. The reduction in glomerular filtration rate was a functional abnormality not correlated with structural damage in the glomerulus.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate renal function in healthy dogs undergoing general anesthesia and ovariohysterectomy without concurrent IV administration of fluids. ANIMALS: 35 healthy client-owned dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were medicated with promazine hydrochloride (0.05 mg/kg of body weight, SC) approximately 45 minutes before induction of anesthesia with thiopental sodium (10 to 15 mg/kg, IV). Anesthesia was maintained with 2% halothane in oxygen. Ovariohysterectomies were performed by senior veterinary students under the direct supervision of a veterinary surgeon. Renal function was assessed (serum urea and creatinine concentrations, fractional clearance of sodium, urine alkaline phosphatase [ALP] and gamma-glutamyltransferase [GGT] activities, urine specific gravity, and enumeration of renal tubular epithelial cells in urine sediment) prior to and 24 and 48 hours after surgery. RESULTS: Duration of general anesthesia ranged from 80 to 310 minutes. Urine specific gravity and ALP activity and serum urea and creatinine concentrations did not change over time. Fractional clearance of sodium decreased 24 and 48 hours after surgery, whereas urine GGT activity and the ratio of urine GGT activity to urine creatinine concentration increased 24 hours after surgery, compared with presurgery values. Renal tubular epithelial cells increased in number in urine sediment from 11 of 35 (31.4%) dogs and 5 of 35 (14.3%) dogs 24 and 48 hours after surgery, respectively. However, this increase was not clinically relevant. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intravenous administration of fluids to healthy dogs undergoing general anesthesia and elective surgery may not be necessary for maintenance of renal homeostasis.  相似文献   

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