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为更好的开发精油植物资源,实验研究了五种植物精油的抗菌抗氧化活性。采用DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)自由基清除实验和FRAP法测定五种植物精油的抗氧化活性,用滤纸片法和肉汤稀释法测定五种精油的抑菌活性。结果表明,精油对DPPH·的清除率与精油浓度呈现明显的量效关系,石香薷精油、百里香精油、牛至精油和罗勒精油都展现出较强的抗氧化能力,迷迭香精油的抗氧化能力较弱。石香薷精油、百里香精油和牛至精油不仅对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、肠炎沙门氏菌具有良好的抑制作用,其MIC在1～4μl/ml之间,而且对黑曲霉菌也有一定的抑制作用,而罗勒精油和迷迭香精油的抑菌作用对四种供试细菌的MIC在2～8μl/ml之间,抑菌效果不及其他三种植物精油。五种植物精油的抗氧化和抗菌能力存在差异,石香薷精油和百里香精油具有较大开发价值。 相似文献
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植物精油是从植物不同部位提取的具有生物活性的有机化合物，可分为萜烯类化合物、芳香族化合物、脂肪酸族化合物及含硫含氮类化合物，具有抗（杀）菌、抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤和抗病毒以及免疫调节等作用。为促进养殖业绿色可持续发展，我国已禁止将抗生素作为饲料添加剂应用于动物生产中，植物精油作为饲料添加剂对动物毒副作用小，易降解，不会残留在动物体内，对动物生长发育和生长性能有显著的积极作用，因此植物精油在抗生素替代方面具有可观的应用前景。本文将从植物精油理化特点、生物学效应以及在动物生产上的应用展开叙述，为植物精油在养殖行业的应用提供理论参考。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2021,(9)
断奶应激会损伤仔猪肠道,影响生产性能和经济效益。为解决这一问题,饲料中常添加亚治疗剂量的抗生素。出于对公众健康的考虑,世界各国(包括欧盟和中国)都在禁止或减少饲料中抗生素的使用。植物精油是天然的生物活性化合物,具有抗菌、抗炎和抗氧化的特性,是一种绿色、高效的饲料添加剂。文章对植物精油的分类、性质和吸收部位,以及植物精油对断奶仔猪肠道结构、消化吸收、肠道炎症和肠道微生物的影响进行了系统的综述。同时,通过对比植物精油的最低抑菌浓度和实际生产时饲料中纯植物精油的添加量的差异,提出了植物精油改善肠道健康的可能作用机制的新思维。以期为植物精油产品在猪生产中的开发和应用提供参考。 相似文献
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分别利用28种植物精油对蓝莓雌果蝇做嗅觉实验,研究不同精油对蓝莓雌果蝇的趋避效果。结果表明：葡萄柚精油、尤加利精油、没药精油、杜松精油、欧薄荷精油、柠檬精油、天竺葵精油、茶树精油、丝柏精油和葡萄籽油对蓝莓雌果蝇有强烈驱避效果,驱避效果均达到80%以上,其中葡萄柚精油驱避效果最好,达到93%;而百里香精油、茴香精油和罗勒精油对蓝莓雌果蝇表现为较强的引诱性,引诱效果达到70%以上,其中罗勒精油引诱性最强,引诱效果为76.7%。 相似文献
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Ali Kheradmand Garmsir Ahmad Zareh Shahneh Sayed Mohammad Ali Jalali Houshang Nouri Majid Afshar 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is a subshrub from the lamiaceae family with plants that are rich in essential oils and antioxidative phenolic substances. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of dietary thyme and fish oil supplementation on the semen characteristics of miniature Caspian horse. Sixteen stallions were randomly allocated into four groups and received four different diets: unsupplemented control diet, supplemented with fish oil at 2.5% dry matter intake (DMI), supplemented with fish oil (2.5% DMI), and thyme (0.02% DMI), and supplemented with thyme (0.02% DMI). All experimental diets were formulated according to National Research Council (1998). Semen was collected at 0, 30, 60, and 90 days. The semen samples were cooled and preserved at 5°C. Cooled diluted semen samples were evaluated in vitro by microscopic assessments of chilled sperm motility, acrosomal and other abnormalities (head, midpieces, and tail), viability (evaluated by Eosin–nigrosin), and plasma membrane integrity (evaluated by hypo osmolarity swelling test), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined during cool storage 0, 24, and 48 hours after collection. The results showed that total and progressive sperm motility and plasma membrane integrity and functionality in all groups were significantly decreased with increasing storage time. On the other hand, the level of MDA in all groups was significantly increased with increasing storage time. Also, the results showed that most sperm quality parameters in this study were significantly higher in fish oil–thyme and fish oil group compared with thyme and control groups after 24 and 48 hours of storage at 5°C. We concluded that dietary supplementation of fish oil and thyme can improve sperm quality in miniature Caspian stallions during storage in cool condition via increasing total and progressive motility and plasma membrane integrity and functionality. More advances in vitro evaluations and artificial insemination are required to reveal the exact effects of thyme on miniature Caspian stallion sperm quality and its fertilizing ability. 相似文献
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本研究选取10种具有较强抑菌作用的植物提取物,研究其对鸡源致病菌(鸡大肠杆菌和鸡沙门氏菌)的体外抑菌作用,并分别筛选出对2种致病菌有较强抑菌作用的3种植物提取物,将其按不同比例复配,以获得抑菌效果更强的复合植物提取物。本研究分为2个试验。试验1:共设11个组,分别为百里香精油、牛至精油、肉桂精油、大蒜油、黄芩黄酮、竹叶黄酮、黄芪多糖、小檗碱、苦参碱和绿原酸和金霉素组(阳性对照组),每组6个重复,采用牛津杯法测定植物提取物对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌作用。试验2:根据试验1的结果,选取对大肠杆菌抑菌效果较好的肉桂精油、苦参碱和绿原酸3种植物提取物,分别按照不同浓度比例进行两两和3种植物提取物复配,用牛津杯法测定复合物对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用,同时分别设相应浓度的3种单一植物提取物为对照组,共20个组,每组6个重复;选取对沙门氏菌抑菌效果较好的竹叶黄酮、黄芩黄酮和肉桂精油3种植物提取物,用牛津杯法测定不同浓度比例的复合物和相应浓度的单一植物提取物(对照组)对沙门氏菌的抑菌作用,共17个组,每组6个重复;根据以上结果,研究了竹叶黄酮和肉桂精油按不同浓度比例复配对沙门氏菌的抑菌作用,以筛选最佳复配比例,共15个组,每组6个重复。结果表明:5种植物提取物对大肠杆菌有抑菌作用,其抑菌作用从大到小依次为肉桂精油、苦参碱、绿原酸、百里香精油、牛至精油;8种植物提取物对沙门氏菌有抑菌作用,其抑菌作用从大到小依次为竹叶黄酮、黄芩黄酮、肉桂精油、苦参碱、绿原酸、牛至精油、百里香精油、大蒜油。与肉桂精油对照组相比,肉桂精油、苦参碱和绿原酸两两或3种植物提取物复配不能显著增强对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用(P0.05);竹叶黄酮和肉桂精油复配可显著增强对沙门氏菌的抑菌作用(P0.05),且在浓度比例为25∶150(1∶6)时抑菌作用达到最大。由此可见,10种植物提取物中,对大肠杆菌抑菌效果较好的3种植物提取物为肉桂精油、苦参碱和绿原酸,但这3种植物提取物复合物的抑菌作用并不大于单一肉桂精油;对沙门氏菌抑菌效果较好的3种植物提取物为竹叶黄酮、黄芩黄酮和肉桂精油,竹叶黄酮和肉桂精油复配增强了抑菌效果,且复配比例为1∶6时对沙门氏菌的抑菌作用最大。 相似文献
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1. The effect of the dietary inclusion of 5 culinary herbs or their essential oils on the growth, digestibility and intestinal microflora status in female broiler chicks was assessed. From 7 to 28 d of age, either a basal control diet without supplement was given or one of 10 others, consisting of the basal diet with either 10 g/kg herb (thyme, oregano, marjoram, rosemary or yarrow) or 1 g/kg of essential oil. 2. Body mass (BM) and feed consumption (AFC) were measured on a weekly basis and used to calculate chick performance. Total viable counts of lactic acid bacteria, coliforms, anaerobes and Clostridium perfringens were determined at 25 d. Apparent nutrient digestibilities were calculated from the measured values for gross energy, nitrogen (N), dry matter (DM) and organic matter, and sialic acid concentration was also measured. 3. Generally, dietary thyme oil or yarrow herb inclusion had the most positive effects on chick performance, while oregano herb and yarrow oil were the poorest supplements. Only thyme and yarrow in these diets had a different effect when used as a herb or oil on weight gain and BM. 4. Dietary treatment had no effect on the intestinal microflora populations, apparent metabolisable energy (AME) or the calculated coefficients of digestibility. Sialic acid concentration was greatest in the birds given dietary thyme oil, compared with all other treatments except those birds receiving marjoram oil, rosemary herb and the controls. However, less sialic acid was excreted in those birds given diets with oregano or rosemary oils, or oregano herb, than in the controls. 5. Plant extracts in diets may therefore affect chick performance, gut health and endogenous secretions, although the chemical composition of the extract appears to be important in obtaining the optimal effects. 相似文献
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Jugl-Chizzola M Spergser J Schilcher F Novak J Bucher A Gabler C Hagmüller W Zitterl-Eglseer K 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(11-12):495-501
The aim of the study was to test Thymi herba (1.66% v/w essential oil with 39% p-cymene and 32% thymol) in the rearing period of piglets as feed additive. Therefore, two feeding trials were performed with piglet groups ranging from 17 to 22 animals each. Either 10 g of Thymi herba/kg feed (Thymi herba group), 10 mg flavophospholipol/kg feed (flavophospholipol group) or nothing (control group) was added to the animals' feed. No significant differences in the performance parameter daily weight gain among any groups were recorded. No differences concerning feed efficiency or isolation of haemolytic E. coli serotypes were shown. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Thymi herba against 39 haemolytic E. coli isolates from the same weaners was investigated in vitro by disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal concentration testing. In contrast to the feeding results, the essential oil of the thyme batch fed showed antibacterial activity against all haemolytic E. coli investigated. This interesting antibacterial potential of Thymi herba prompts further investigations as to its value as feed additive. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平百里香精油对麻花鸡生长性能、血清蛋白和细胞因子的影响。选取1日龄麻花鸡768只,采用单因子试验设计,随机分为8组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ~Ⅶ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25、0.30和0.35 mg/kg百里香精油。试验期42 d,分1~21日龄(前期)、22~42日龄(后期)2个阶段。结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮中添加百里香精油对1~21日龄麻花鸡生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05),但试验Ⅱ~Ⅵ组可极显著提高22~42日龄麻花鸡平均日增重(P<0.01),试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ组可显著降低22~42日龄麻花鸡料重比(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组可显著降低42日龄麻花鸡血清中白蛋白含量(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ~Ⅴ、Ⅶ组可显著提高21日龄麻花鸡血清中球蛋白含量(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组可显著降低21和42日龄麻花鸡血清中白蛋白/球蛋白比值(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,日粮中添加百里香精油对21和42日龄麻花鸡血清中白介素-4、肿瘤坏死因子-α和γ-干扰素含量均无显著影响(P>0.05),但试验Ⅶ组可显著提高42日龄麻花鸡血清中白介素-1含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加百里香精油可显著促进麻花鸡体内蛋白沉积,提高生长性能和增强γ-球蛋白和白介素-1细胞因子参与介导的免疫调节作用,建议生产中麻花鸡日粮中百里香精油的适宜添加量为0.10~0.25 mg/kg。 相似文献
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Antonio Diego Brand?o Melo Amanda Figueiredo Amaral Gustavo Schaefer Fernando Bittencourt Luciano Carla de Andrade Leandro Batista Costa Marcos Horácio Rostagno 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2015,79(4):285-289
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the essential oils derived from Origanum vulgare (oregano), Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree), Cinnamomum cassia (cassia), and Thymus vulgaris (white thyme) against Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The study also investigated the ability of these different bacterial strains to develop adaptation after repetitive exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of these essential oils. The MBC of the essential oils studied was determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. All essential oils showed antimicrobial effect against all bacterial strains. In general, the development of adaptation varied according to the bacterial strain and the essential oil (tea tree > white thyme > oregano). Therefore, it is important to use essential oils at efficient bactericidal doses in animal feed, food, and sanitizers, since bacteria can rapidly develop adaptation when exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of these oils. 相似文献
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Noriko TATSUOKA Koji HARA Katsuhiko MIKUNI Kozo HARA Hitoshi HASHIMOTO Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(1):68-75
The effects of including essential oil cyclodextrin (CD) complexes on ruminal methane and hydrogen production, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and protozoa were studied in vitro. The essential oil CD complexes used in the present study were both αCD and βCD with cineol, eucalyptus, menthol, peppermint, thyme and wasabi. Diluted rumen fluid (60 mL) was incubated anaerobically at 38°C for 6 h with the essential oil CD complex (1–40 mg as oil). Eucalyptus‐αCD reduced methane production by 40% with 10 mg as oil along with decreasing the protozoal number and increasing total VFA and proportion of propionic acid. Both wasabi‐αCD and wasabi‐βCD reduced methane production by 85% and 97%, respectively, with 10 mg as oil, though they increased hydrogen production notably. The protozoal number was unchanged by wasabi‐βCD and decreased to 50% by wasabi‐αCD. Propionic acid was increased by both wasabi‐αCD and wasabi‐βCD. The other essential oil‐CD showed no significant effect on reducing methane production. The combined use of 20 mM of fumaric acid with wasabi‐αCD (1 mg as oil) caused about a 50% depression of methane production compared to the control without increasing hydrogen production. Fumaric acid was more effective than malic acid in reducing methane production. The addition of eucalyptus‐αCD, wasabi‐αCD or wasabi‐βCD together with organic acid to rumen fluid turned out to be effective for reducing methane production with no increase in hydrogen production. 相似文献
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1. Herbs, thyme essential oil (EO) and condensed tannin (CT) extracts were compared for their effects, as dietary supplements, on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility and volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles in the gut. Cooked meat from the birds fed on diets with 4 herbs and an EO extract was compared by a taste panel against those fed on the control treatment, for organoleptic properties in the meat. 2. Female broiler chicks were fed on wheat-soybean meal diets from 0-42 d of age. These chicks were given either the basal diet (control), or the basal diet with one of rosemary, garlic or yarrow herbs, mimosa, cranberry or grapeseed CT's, or thyme EO supplements (8 treatments in total). Body weight (BW) and feed consumption (FC) were measured. 3. The garlic supplement tended to improve growth rate over the first 7 d, while mimosa CT and thyme EO supplements reduced weight gains. The mimosa supplement in diets significantly reduced FC to d 21. Meanwhile, the addition of a cranberry supplement reduced the digestibility of DM, OM and N, compared with the controls. Dietary thyme EO, yarrow, rosemary and garlic supplements modified caecal isovaleric and isobutyric acid proportions (presented as 'Other VFA'; p < 0.05). Dietary herb significantly affected the intensity of meat flavour, and the potential of observing both garlic and abnormal flavours. There were large differences between the consumption of red and white meat samples, while meat temperature affected several flavour attributes. 4. Broiler performance and digestibility for birds given dietary garlic and grapeseed CT supplements were similar to the controls, and these supplements appear suitable for dietary inclusion. Careful choices are necessary when selecting dietary plant extract supplements for broilers, but beneficial effects can be observed. 相似文献
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Effect of thyme essential oil and selenium on intestine integrity and antioxidant status of broilers
I. Placha J. Takacova M. Ryzner K. Cobanova A. Laukova V. Strompfova 《British poultry science》2014,55(1):105-114
1. This study evaluated the duodenal wall integrity, antioxidant status as well as some immunological parameters of broiler chickens supplemented with 0.5 g Thymus vulgaris essential oil (EO)/kg diet and 0.4 mg Se/kg DM (dry matter) derived from sodium selenite.
2. A total of 192 one-d-old randomly divided chickens of both sexes (Ross 308 hybrid broilers) were divided into 4 treatment groups of 48 birds each.
3. The first group was fed on a nutritionally balanced basal diet (BD). The other three groups received BD supplemented with 0.5 g/kg thyme oil, or 0.4 mg Se/kg DM, or both feed additives together.
4. The results for the evaluated feed additives were (1) thyme oil – decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in duodenal mucosa and kidney, increased immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration in duodenal mucosa, stimulated phagocytic activity in blood, improved intestinal barrier integrity (2) selenium – increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in blood and liver as well as thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity in duodenal mucosa, liver and in the kidney, (3) EO with selenium – increased thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity in duodenal mucosa.
5. These results demonstrated that thyme oil alone showed more effective potential to improve intestinal barrier integrity and antioxidant status as well as evoking an immune response in chickens, than if diets were supplemented with both thyme oil and selenium. 相似文献