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1.
对旱育秧和湿润育秧苗床温度变化及秧苗素质的比较表明;旱育秧苗床膜内日平均温度、有效积温高．昼夜温差大;移栽叶龄小、叶片小,根系发达,植株矮壮;干物质积累多,充实度高,比叶重大,比根长小;增产幅度为6．92％～12.22％。 相似文献
2.
为了更好地指导广大农户搞好春播春耕生产，3月28日，重庆电视台“巴渝新农村”栏目就近期水稻苗床管理及生产上应注意的相关技术环节采访了我院水稻专家李经勇研究员。采访中，李经勇研究员就如何推进渝东南和渝西北海拔900m以上地区水稻播种和保温育秧，加强全市渝西、渝中和沿江河谷地区水稻秧苗管理，施好断奶肥，搞好水稻立枯病、稻瘟病、稻蓟蚂等苗床病虫草害的防治等技术措施作了详细介绍，同时提醒广大农户：一要关注天气变化，严防寒潮造成冻害死苗；二要积极抓好本田整理，及时备足农用物资，为适龄秧苗的移栽作好充分准备。 相似文献
3.
水稻秧苗抗拉力学特性及穴盘拔秧性能的力学试验研究 总被引：5，自引：10，他引：5
该文通过对水稻穴盘秧苗的抗拉力学特性和穴盘拔秧性能的试验研究，探讨水稻穴盘秧苗拔秧机理，为水稻穴盘秧苗拔秧机构的设计提供理论依据。试验结果表明：水稻秧苗的抗拉断力随秧苗秧龄、秧苗高度的增加而增大，随秧苗夹秧位置的提高而下降；秧苗所需从育秧穴盘中拔出的拔秧力与秧苗秧龄无明显关系，但受秧苗钵体湿度的影响较大，随秧苗钵体湿度的增加而减小，在相对湿度为40%～60%时，取得最小值；在正常条件下，单株或多株秧苗抗拉断力都远远大于从育秧穴盘拔取秧苗所需的拔秧力，采取拔取的方式将秧苗从育秧穴盘取出是可行的。 相似文献
4.
不同育秧方式下水稻秧苗内源激素特征及其与植株发根力的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以杂交稻组合冈优22、Ⅱ优162和K优047为材料,设置湿润育秧、旱育秧和塑盘水育3种育秧方式,分别测定了秧苗根系和发根节内源激素特性,分析了内源激素与秧苗发根力的相关关系。结果表明,旱育秧的发根力强于湿润育秧和塑盘秧;冈优22在3种育秧方式下的发根能力均最强,II优162在旱育秧方式下发根力强于K优047,但在湿润育秧和塑盘育秧方式下弱于K优047;旱育秧根系和发根节的ABA含量低于湿润育秧和塑盘水育秧,GA含量则最高;根系ABA含量与总根长呈显著负相关,GA含量与总根长、根重和根数呈显著或极显著正相关。 相似文献
5.
稻麦轮作系统中,麦秸还田腐解产生的有毒有害物质可对下茬水稻幼苗产生不利影响,有效减缓或避免其负面影响对于水稻生产尤为重要,而筛选能够提高水稻秧苗抗性的育秧技术不失为重要途径。通过采用5种不同育秧条件对水稻秧苗进行抗性锻炼,以期提高水稻秧苗对麦秸还田条件的抗逆性和适应性,并在移栽后采取相同的栽培措施(氮素和水肥管理)对其进行评估。试验结果表明,干旱及低营养条件下育秧均降低了水稻株高、生物量以及叶绿素含量,且增加了水稻植株丙二醛含量和脯氨酸含量,使水稻的生长发育受到抑制;而施用秸秆、浇施秸秆腐解液以及酚酸混合液进行育秧的处理均增加了水稻株高、地上部鲜重、叶绿素含量、总根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、根分枝数和平均根直径,且均降低了水稻植株丙二醛含量和脯氨酸含量,提高了水稻秧苗对麦秸腐解产生负面影响的抗逆性和适应性。通过在水稻育秧期添加适量麦秸、麦秸腐解液或酚酸混合液均可有效提高水稻秧苗对麦秸还田条件的适应性。 相似文献
6.
不同育秧基质和水分管理对机插稻秧苗素质与产量的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为探明适宜机插秧苗的培育方式,本文以杂交中灿稻‘徽两优6号’为材料,研究了营养土旱育、营养土湿润育秧和淤泥水育秧等3种方式对机插水稻秧苗素质及产量的影响,并分析了不同育秧方式对秧龄弹性、机插活棵及分蘖成穗的效应。结果表明:播后21 d,营养土旱育秧苗综合素质最好,营养土湿润育秧次之,淤泥水育秧的最差;与淤泥水育秧相比,营养土旱育秧及湿润育秧的秧苗发根力强,根冠比高,干物质积累能力强。其中旱育秧适栽秧龄为18~30 d,秧龄弹性最大。营养土旱育方式育秧能在稳定结实率和千粒重的情况下显著提高有效穗数和群体颖花量,增加库容量,从而使产量显著增加。旱育秧栽后缓苗期短、活棵快、发根力强、分蘖起步早,能较好破除本田生育前、中、后期的生长不平衡,有利于优良群体构建和高产形成。 相似文献
7.
针对水稻棚室育秧环节中苗床平整地缺失高效作业机械的现状，结合寒区水稻标准化棚室育秧技术要求，该研究设计了一种自走式水稻秧棚苗床精平机机电液一体化的自动调平控制系统。调平系统以液压油泵及直流步进电机为动力端，融合机具作业的姿态角数据，利用自动控制策略实时驱动机电式横滚角调平机构及液力式俯仰角补偿装置进行调平作业，保证苗床平整度。采用Simulink模块对横滚角调平进行仿真，结果表明：横滚角调平时间为1.62 s，超调量为1.5%，具有良好的响应速度及精度。将自动调平控制系统嵌入1ZJP-2型苗床精平机进行田间试验，搭载自动调平系统的作业机具横滚角平均值为-1.88°，均方根误差为1.95°，平均绝对误差为1.88°；对照组作业机具横滚角平均值为-2.37°，均方根误差为2.43°，平均绝对误差为2.31°；俯仰角补偿碎土刮板油缸动作的 平均均方根误差为0.145 cm，试验结果表明自动调平系统效果良好，满足稳定控制要求。利用光学水准仪检验平地作业效果，应用自动调平控制作业后苗床高程最大平均标准差比作业前降低了1.05 cm；而无调平系统的苗床高程最大平均标准差降幅仅为0.325 cm，平地作业效率比普通作业方式提高了229%～500%，每平方米内地高程标准偏差Sd值较比常规作业方式降低了268%～384%。该系统提升了水稻棚室育秧苗床平地机械作业自动化程度。 相似文献
8.
乙烯参与调控植物响应多种逆境胁迫，然而乙烯调控早稻秧苗响应低温胁迫的生理和分子机制还不明确。本研究选择无土基质、发酵基质和营养土3种育秧基质对中早39早稻品种进行正常育秧至两叶一心期，外源喷施乙烯利后将水稻秧苗进行3d的低温处理，随后测定秧苗理化性质和抗寒基因表达，同时以喷施等量清水作为对照。结果显示：喷施乙烯利后显著提高了低温条件下水稻秧苗的生长，提高了秧苗体内的养分含量和渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量，增强了秧苗体内抗氧化系统酶活性和氧化还原状态(AsA/DHA比率)，提高了秧苗体内OsCOIN、TERF2、OsLti6a和OsCDPK7等耐冷基因的表达。以上结果说明，外源喷施乙烯通过调控水稻体内渗透调节物质含量、氧化还原水平和耐冷基因的表达增强水稻秧苗的耐低温胁迫能力。 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献