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花榈木人工林主要测树因子回归模型的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据花榈木人工林样木的胸径、树高、冠幅、冠长测定数据,应用多方程选优法建立以胸径为辅助因子的树高、冠幅、绝对幅长、相对冠长以及树冠系数等因子的回归预估模型,旨在为生产应用提供定量依据。研究表明:主要测树因子间存在不同程度的线性或非线性关系,视测树因子而定。以相关系数来看,胸径与主要测树因子相关紧密程度从大到小依次为:冠幅、树高、绝对冠长、树冠系数和相对冠长。 相似文献
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人工油松风景林的林木分级技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以北京市园林绿化局西山林场的人工油松风景林13个林分中554株林木为研究对象,依据能反映单木形体特征的9个测树指标和树高、胸径、冠幅等林木生长指标,构建林木个体美景度与形态指标、生长指标间的关系模型,并依此进行油松人工风景林林木分级。为了使生长指标更具有通用性,采用综合指数法计算林木的树高、胸径和冠幅的生长势。结果表明：油松单木形态指标和生长指标与美景度值间呈多种规律变化,树高年均生长量、树干通直度、径高比与美景度值间呈二次曲线规律变化;树冠体积、胸径年均生长量、冠幅年均生长量、冠长率、树冠伸展度和生长势与美景度值间呈正线性降低变化趋势;死枝树冠长度占树冠总长度比例与美景度值间呈负线性增加变化趋势。因此,非线性模型能从总体上较好地反映油松形态指标和生长指标与美景度间的关系。根据因子分析结果构建可表征树木冠形、干冠协调性、生长和干形4个综合因子指数,并利用这4个指数构建美景度与单木个体质量特征关系的二次多项式模型。依据二次多项式模型预测的单木美景度值和林木生长势,利用聚类和Topsis方法,将人工油松风景林分为景观主体木(Ⅰ)、景观有益木(Ⅱ)、景观有害木(Ⅲ) 3个等级,并进一步划分为景观提景木(Ⅰ1)、景观核心木(Ⅰ2)、景观辅助木(Ⅱ1)、景观潜力木(Ⅱ2)、景观有害木(Ⅲ1)和景观障景木(Ⅲ2)6个亚类。 相似文献
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对沙地樟子松人工林10~60 a林龄样地进行树高、胸径等生长指标调查、观测,使用SPSS20.0进行分析,结果表明:不同林龄树高与胸径、冠幅大小、第一活枝下高高度各生长量两两之间有极显著相关关系,林木树高与胸径、冠幅之间存在正相关关系;树高生长量随胸径变化模型为y=0.405x1.104,树高生长量随冠幅变化模型为y=e2.895-2.836/x。 相似文献
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黔中喀斯特次生林主要经营树种冠形特征及模型拟合 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《西部林业科学》2017,(4)
经营树种冠层结构调整是次生林经营的重要内容,而树冠结构不同往往表现在冠形特征差异,因此,研究冠形特征并进行模型拟合,对森林经营具有重要的理论和实践意义。以黔中喀斯特次生林封山造林、封山抚育、封山改良3种经营类型为研究对象,针对柳杉、猴樟、厚朴、喜树和光皮桦5个经营树种,使用1 221株实测数据,拟合冠幅、冠长、伸展度、冠长率、圆满度、投影比6个冠形指标与林木胸径和树高因子间关系。研究表明:(1)树种的实测因子与树冠结构特征多呈极显著正相关关系,建立实测林木因子(易获取因子)与树冠结构特征间的回归预估模型可行;(2)建立了黔中喀斯特次生林5种经营目标树的CW∝DBH、CL∝H的最优预估方程,树冠圆满度的拟合度要优于其投影比、树冠伸展度和冠长率;(3)柳杉、猴樟、厚朴、喜树和光皮桦的冠幅拟合解释量依次为0.62、0.69、0.77、0.59、0.77,冠长解释量依次为0.88、0.90、0.78、0.89、0.64。各拟合最优模型的胸径使用范围分别为1.6~18.3cm、0.5~8.5cm、1.8~6.5cm、0.8~13.0cm、0.7~25.8cm,树高适用范围分别为2.0~10.9m、1.5~8.2m、2.6~6.6m、1.5~12.1m、1.6~14.5m。因此,基于胸径、树高对各经营树种的冠幅、冠长预估模型适用于早期,中后期经营还需重建中后期的模型。 相似文献
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[目的]由于激光雷达技术已经能准确测定立木树高及相关树冠因子,应用该技术建立基于树高和树冠因子的立木材积模型,为激光技术在森林蓄积估计中提供技术支撑.[方法]利用云杉、冷杉、栎树、桦树4个树种组的3 010株实测样木数据,分析了立木材积与胸径、树高、树冠因子之间的相关关系;并通过对数回归方法构建了基于树高和树冠因子的立木材积模型,用确定系数R2和平均预估误差MPE等6项指标对模型进行评价.[结果]表明,立木材积与单一因子之间的相关,以胸径最为紧密,其次是树高,再次是冠长和冠幅.基于树高和树冠因子的立木材积模型中,以树高和冠幅作为解释变量的二元模型效果较好,再增加冠长因子的三元模型改进不大.云杉、冷杉、栎树、桦树4个树种组基于树高冠幅的立木材积模型,其R2分别为0.81、0.80、0.76和0.77,MPE分别为4.7%、5.3%、5.4%和5.3%,模型预估精度均能达到95%左右.[结论]本文对材积与林木因子之间相关关系的定量分析,建立了云杉、冷杉、栎树、桦树4个树种的立木材积模型,模型预估精度高.为激光雷达技术定量估测森林参数提供了依据. 相似文献
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本文以德昌杉无性系种子园为研究材料,对38年生30个无性系870个分株的胸径、树高和冠幅进行生长量统计分析,以及从异速生长指数上分析不同无性系间生长量上的差异。30个无性系的胸径、树高和冠幅的均值分别为28.24 cm、19.18 m和5.18 m,其变异系数的均值分别为0.29、0.19和0.24;胸径-树高、胸径-冠幅异速生长关系分析显示德昌杉的在胸径生长量上分配的速率明显高于树高和冠幅,表明无性系间胸径、树高和冠幅的异速生长轨迹发生了显著变化;胸径-冠幅和胸径-树高之间的SMA斜率在不同无性系间,无相同的SMA斜率,除16和28号无性系的胸径-树高外,差异均显著(P0.05),30个无性系间没有一致的生长量分配速率。无性系间异速生长关系的差异导致不同的生长量分配模式进一步体现了环境对各构件生长的生态可塑性和无性系间生长性状存在着丰富的遗传变异,为德昌杉优良无性系的早期选择提供了可能性。 相似文献
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采用大量野外调查数据,对美国黄松的生长特性进行了研究,并通过实验手段测定了其抗寒性相关指标,对抗寒机理进行了分析和评价.结果表明:美国黄松苗木根系发达,垂直根生长能力强,植苗成活率高,地径生长量明显大于油松.幼树生长进程与油松基本一致,造林后第7年进入速生期,树高年均生长量45 cm,而且仍处于上升阶段.美国黄松胸径年生长量和总生长量都大于油松,而树高小于油松,18年生单株材积0.017 7 m3,比油松大10%.不同引种地美国黄松胸径生长量存在显著差异,年均生长量介于0.30～0.94 cm.气象因素对生长有一定影响,随着活动积温、日照时数的增加生长量明显增大.树高与胸径、新梢长、冠幅存在显著相关性,与胸径的相关系数随着树龄的增加而逐渐提高,胸径与冠幅的相关系数随树龄的增大而变小.抗寒性测定结果表明,各个低温阶段美国黄松的电解质渗出率都大于油松,LT50为-10.7℃,油松为-17.9℃.美国黄松针叶组织中束缚水、可溶性糖、K 、类胡萝卜素和ABA含量较低是其抗寒性弱的内在原因. 相似文献
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基于多项生长指标的楠木胸径估测模型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
收集了楠木胸径、树高、枝下高、冠幅等生长指标,分别参照常规的线性、乘幂、指数、对数及双曲线等单因素变量模型,构建了基于多项生长指标的胸径估测方程.结果表明,基于树高、枝下高、冠幅等多项生长指标的胸径估测较单因素变量估测模型效果更优;楠木胸径估测的首选模型为:D=205.6074e-74.0621/H+0.0027e12... 相似文献
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The production and allocation of aboveground biomass and the characteristics of tree architecture were examined in eight-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Considerable among-tree variation existed in tree architecture, total aboveground dry mass production, and dry mass partitioning among tree parts. A linear relationship existed between needle and branch mass. Stem mass was directly proportional to tree height, which in turn was directly proportional to the allocation ratio between stem mass and total needle + branch mass production. The architectural characteristics that were related to a high proportional allocation to stem and high stemwood production were a large mean shoot volume, large mean number of branches per whorl, long needle retention and a high crown length/crown width ratio. Individual trees were found that combined high stemwood production with both high harvest index and high stemwood specific gravity. 相似文献
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Time series of carbon fluxes in individual Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees were constructed based on biomass measurements and information about component-specific turnover and respiration rates. Foliage, branch, stem sapwood, heartwood and bark components of aboveground biomass were measured in 117 trees sampled from 17 stands varying in age, density and site fertility. A subsample of 32 trees was measured for belowground biomass excluding fine roots. Biomass of fine roots was estimated from the results of an earlier study. Statistical models were constructed to predict dry mass (DW) of components from tree height and basal area, and time derivatives of these models were used to estimate biomass increments from height growth and basal area growth. Biomass growth (G) was estimated by adding estimated biomass turnover rates to increments, and gross photosynthetic production (P) was estimated by adding estimated component respiration rates to growth. The method, which predicts the time course of G, P and biomass increment in individual trees as functions of height growth and basal area growth, was applied to eight example trees representing different dominance positions and site fertilities. Estimated G and P of the example trees varied with competition, site fertility and tree height, reaching maximum values of 22 and 43 kg(DW) year(-1), respectively. The site types did not show marked differences in productivity of trees of the same height, although height growth was greater on the fertile site. The G:P ratio decreased with tree height from 65 to 45%. Growth allocation to needles and branches increased with increasing dominance, whereas growth allocation to the stem decreased. Growth allocation to branches decreased and growth allocation to coarse roots increased with increasing tree size. Trees at the poor site allocated 49% more to fine roots than trees at the fertile site. The belowground parts accounted for 25 to 55% of annual G, increasing with tree size and decreasing with site fertility. Annual G and P per unit needle mass varied over the ranges 1.9-2.4 and 3.5-4.0 kg(DW) kg(-1), respectively. The relationship between P and needle mass in the example trees was linear and relatively independent of competition, site fertility and age. 相似文献
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Light-related plasticity of crown morphology and within-crown characteristics were investigated in understory sun and shade saplings of three codominant subalpine conifers, Abies mariesii M.T. Mast., Abies veitchii Lindl. and Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis (Mayr) Rehd. Compared with those of sun saplings, current-year shoots of shade saplings allocated less biomass to needles, resulting in less dense needle packing and hence less mutual needle shading. The proportion of lateral branch biomass in foliage was either similar in sun and shade saplings or greater in shade saplings, depending on the species, suggesting that, over the lifetime of a branch, greater needle longevity in shade compensates for reduced biomass investment in needles of current-year shoots of shade saplings. Saplings with slower-growing branches tended to have greater needle life spans, suggesting that plasticity of branch growth rate and plasticity of needle life span are interdependent. Both Abies species showed greater light-related plasticity of needle life span and branch growth than P. jezoensis. The greater shade tolerance of the Abies species derives from their broad flattened crowns with slow-growing branches. This type of crown development incurs substantial support costs, but the long needle life span of shade saplings of the Abies species compensates, at least in part, for their low annual investment in foliage, especially in the case of A. mariesii, which has a longer needle life span and slower-growing and stouter branches than A. veitchii. Compared with the Abies species, P. jezoensis had a less plastic crown morphology, and less variability of needle life span and branch growth in response to light, resulting in lower shade tolerance. However, compared with the flattened crown of Abies shade saplings, the conical crown of P. jezoensis saplings imposes a smaller support cost, making this species better adapted to rapid height growth than to survival in shade. 相似文献
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【目的】无人机机载激光雷达能够准确地测定单木、林分乃至大尺度森林结构参数(树高和树冠因子)。为应用无人机激光雷达技术准确估测森林蓄积量、生物量和碳储量提供计量依据和技术支撑。【方法】以150株实测马尾松生物量样本数据为研究对象,采用非线性回归估计方法和度量误差联立方程组方法,分析立木材积和地上生物量与树高、树冠因子的相关性,并在此基础上研究建立基于树高和树冠因子的立木材积与地上生物量相容模型。【结果】单株材积和地上生物量与树高因子的相关性最为紧密,其次才是树冠因子;基于树高和冠幅因子的二元材积和地上生物量模型预估精度较高,达到92%以上,再考虑冠长因子的三元模型预估精度改进不大;基于树高和冠幅因子的二元立木材积与地上生物量相容模型估计效果更好,相对于一元相容模型系统而言,二元相容模型拟合效果有较大幅度提高,预估精度达到92%以上。【结论】采用度量误差联立方程组方法可以有效解决基于树高和树冠因子的立木材积与地上生物量相容问题,并且预估精度达到92%以上,所建二元立木材积与地上生物量相容模型可为应用激光雷达技术反演森林蓄积量和生物量提供计量依据。 相似文献
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Fran?ois Girard Michel Vennetier Frédéric Guibal Christophe Corona Samira Ouarmim Asier Herrero 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(4):919-931
The objectives of this study were to describe and quantify Aleppo pine aerial primary growth processes and to assess their relationships with climate. Primary growth (branch length growth, branching rate, polycyclism, needle number and size, fruiting), i.e. crown development and reproduction, was reconstructed for the last 16?years in Mediterranean France. From 1998 to 2007, climate has been far hotter and drier than normal in South-eastern France. All variables related to crown development and fruiting, as well as radial growth, significantly declined after 2003 heat wave and during repeated droughts from 2004 to 2007. A partial recovery of most parameters occurred from 2008 to 2010 on vigorous branches while frail branches showed less improvement. The limited crown development during unfavourable years may significantly hold back tree potential photosynthetic biomass for several following years and contribute to a slower than expected recovery of tree growth or to delayed die-back. 相似文献
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【目的】为阐明油松侧枝的节间特征及其变异规律,了解当年生节间枝条和针叶的异速生长关系,揭示侧枝空间构型、活力和光合产物分配的主要影响因子。【方法】本研究在35 a生油松林内选取了5株标准木的标准枝,通过枝条解析截取了372个节间,采用统计分析和模型模拟等方法对相关问题进行了研究。【结果】结果表明:油松枝条多分为3级,近90%的节间分布在2级和3级枝,直径生长周期为1~4 a、具有针叶着生和光合功能的节间占节间总数的83%;节间直径和长度均随枝级增加而显著下降,均随节间生长周期(或形成时间)的增加而显著增加,后者在枝级间及枝级内的变异均远高于前者,后者受枝级和着生位置光照环境的影响明显高于前者。全枝70%以上的枝条生物量分布在1级枝节间,80%以上的针叶分布在2级和3级枝节间;1级和2级枝的生物量以枝条为主,3级枝以针叶为主。直径生长周期为1~3 a的节间生物量以叶为主,4 a的以枝条为主,4 a以上的以完全以枝条为主。当年生节间的不同特征变量间均成显著的异速生长关系,而非成比例变化。【结论】节间是侧枝的基本单元,其数量、质量、生长发育及其在不同枝级和形成时间的变异,以及其主要构件的异速生长关系是影响侧枝空间构型、活力和光合产物分配的主要因子。 相似文献
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Response of branch growth and mortality to silvicultural treatments in coastal Douglas-fir plantations: Implications for predicting tree growth 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Static models of individual tree crown attributes such as height to crown base and maximum branch diameter profile have been developed for several commercially important species. Dynamic models of individual branch growth and mortality have received less attention, but have generally been developed retrospectively by dissecting felled trees; however, this approach is limited by the lack of historic stand data and the difficulty in determining the exact timing of branch death. This study monitored the development of individual branches on 103 stems located on a variety of silvicultural trials in the Pacific Northwest, USA. The results indicated that branch growth and mortality were significantly influenced by precommercial thinning (PCT), commercial thinning, fertilization, vegetation management, and a foliar disease known as Swiss needle cast [caused by Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii (T. Rohde) Petr.]. Models developed across these datasets accounted for treatment effects through variables such as tree basal area growth and the size of the crown. Insertion of the branch growth and mortality equations into an individual-tree modeling framework, significantly improved short-term predictions of crown recession on an independent series of silvicultural trials, which increased mean accuracy of diameter growth prediction (reduction in mean bias). However, the static height to crown base equation resulted in a lower mean square error for the tree diameter and height growth predictions. Overall, individual branches were found to be highly responsive to changes in stand conditions imposed by silvicultural treatments, and therefore represent an important mechanism explaining tree and stand growth responses. 相似文献
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【目的】解析和定量评价林分因子对赤松赤枯病发生(发病率和病情指数)的影响,为昆嵛山赤松纯林的营林措施和赤枯病的预防提供理论指导。【方法】在昆嵛山区域选取林龄相对一致(约34年)的赤松纯林为研究对象,调查林分密度、郁闭度、树高、枝下高、胸径和冠幅6个林分因子及赤枯病的发病率和病情指数,采用方差分析、相关性分析和多重比较分析各项林分因子与赤松赤枯病之间的关系,并通过冗余分析得影响赤枯病发生的关键因子。【结果】赤枯病在赤松林中普遍发生,发病样地占调查样地的96.3%。整体上,高密度林( 2 956 ~4 089株·hm -2 )的发病率和病情指数显著高于低密度林(688~1 822株·hm -2 )和中密度林(1 823~2 955株·hm -2 )的发病率和病情指数;疏林(郁闭度<30%)的发病率和病情指数显著低于中疏林(郁闭度30%~70%)和密林(郁闭度> 70%)的发病率和病情指数;在不同的树高、枝下高、冠幅和胸径分组中,发病率和病情指数均随着分组值的增大而减小。相关性分析表明:林分密度对赤枯病发病率和病情指数的影响均达到极显著正相关水平( r =0.761, P < 0.01;r =0.748, P < 0.01);赤枯病的发病率和病情指数也均受到郁闭度的极显著影响( r =0.509, P < 0.01;r =0.442, P < 0.01);二者与树高均呈极显著正相关( r =-0.443, P < 0.01;r =-0.362, P < 0.01);赤枯病的发病率和病情指数均随枝下高的增大而极显著减小( r =-0.460, P < 0.01;r =-0.419, P < 0.01);二者与胸径均呈负相关关系,且相关性极显著( r =-0.425, P < 0.01;r =-0.373, P < 0.01);随着冠幅的增大,林木发病率和病情指数均极显著降低( r =-0.345, P < 0.01;r =-0.381, P < 0.01)。冗余分析证明林分密度和枝下高对赤枯病发生的贡献最大。【结论】松赤枯病在昆嵛山区域发生较普遍但不严重,其发病率和病情指数在不同林分因子分组中均有差异,且均受各林分因子极显著影响。RDA分析证明,林分密度和枝下高对松赤枯病影响最显著,建议对昆嵛山区域赤松纯林赤枯病的防治工作要以重要因子为主要调控对象,进行合理修剪和间伐。 相似文献
19.
为了改良白花泡桐的干形，对树冠结构、生长性状与干形的遗传相关进行了剖析和通径分析，计算出主要树冠性状、生长性状对干形的６３个选择指数方程。结果表明，胸径、小枝数、分枝总长、冠表面积和树高对形数、圆满度的决定系数在０．４０５～０．９４０和０．４２６～１．０６４之间。由以上５性状和形数或圆满度组成的综合选择指数方程效果最好。对形数选择的遗传进度、相对效率分别为０．１５５和１５９．０１５７％。对圆满度选择的遗传进度、相对效率分别为０．１７４和１２８．３６７９％。 相似文献
20.
为了改良白花泡桐的干形，对树冠结构，生长性状与干形的遗传相关进行了剖析和通径分析，计算出主要树冠性状、生长性状对于干形的６３个选择指数方程。结果表明，胸径、小枝数、分枝总长、冠表面积和树高对形数，圆满度的决定系数在０．４０５～０．９４０和０．４２６～１．０６４之间。由以上５性状和形数或圆满度组成的综合选择指数方程效果最好。对形数选择遗传进度，相对效率分别为０．１５５和１５９．０１５７％。对圆满度选 相似文献