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1.
黄曲霉毒素主要由黄曲霉和寄生曲霉产生。玉米、棉籽饼粕、花生饼粕、大豆饼粕、草木樨干草、燕麦干草等最易被污染。当饲料中黄曲霉毒素含量大于１ppm时，可使所饲喂的畜禽中毒死亡。黄曲霉毒素中毒症以猪、鸡多见，其次为鸭和牛。饲料是否被黄曲霉毒素污染可以用紫外线灯快速检测，取饲料放在紫外线灯下观察，若能看到黄绿色荧光，即为有毒，若看不到荧光，可将饲料压碎后再放到紫外线灯下继续观察，若仍看不到荧光，说明不带黄曲霉毒素。被黄曲霉毒素污染的饲料经安全处理后可以用于饲喂畜禽，其处理方法及饲喂时应注意的事项为：１．发… 相似文献
2.
采用酶联免疫(ELISA)法测定全国11个省份共计1013份饲料样品中黄曲霉毒素B1含量,了解我国饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1污染情况及分布规律。结果表明,饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1检出率高达99.51%,但超标率较低,平均为2.27%;不同省份饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1含量差异极显著(P<0.01),贵州省最高,河南省、四川省较高,福建省最低,其余7省居中;黄曲霉毒素B1含量由高到低依次为棉粕、家禽配合饲料、菜粕、玉米、仔猪配合饲料、麦麸、豆粕、鱼粉和小麦。我国饲料普遍受到黄曲霉毒素B1的污染,但饲料原料中黄曲霉毒素B1的超标率低,含量在不同区域和饲料种类间存在差异。 相似文献
3.
鸭黄曲霉毒素中毒是由于饲料或者饲料原料（如玉米、小麦、麸皮、豆粕、花生粕、鱼粉等占用比例较大的原料）在潮湿季节中保存不当引起了霉变，产生黄曲霉毒素，鸭吃了含有黄曲霉毒素的饲料，即发生该病。在各种黄曲霉中， 相似文献
4.
正饲料工业和畜牧业生产中的饲料霉变是全球面临的难题,中国也因此造成了严重的经济损失,霉菌毒素含量过高的饲料是不安全饲料,最受关注的霉菌毒素包括了黄曲霉毒素(AFB)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON,又称呕吐毒素)、伏马毒素B1(FB1,又称烟曲霉毒素)、赭曲霉毒素(OTA)等,其中以DON的检出率最高。在养殖场环节,饲料及其原料中DON的消减方法可分为包括物理法、生物法、功能营养素法、脱 相似文献
5.
自然界中的霉菌分布广泛，种类繁多，大多数霉菌都能引起粮食、饲料、食物等多种物质霉变。据统计，目前世界上至少有 25％的谷物已被已知的霉菌毒素污染。饲料中的霉菌毒素主要有黄曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、单端孢霉烯族毒素、伏马毒素、赫曲霉毒素等。其中黄曲霉毒素对饲料的污染最为严重，对畜禽的危害最大。黄曲霉毒素是于 1960年首次于英国伦敦郊区发现的， 20世纪 60年代后期的研究发现黄曲霉毒素具有致癌性。许多国家对黄曲霉毒素的产生、代谢、毒性、分析方法和去毒方法等进行了大量研究。 20世纪 70年代末，研究重点逐步转移到检测… 相似文献
6.
利用酶联免疫吸附法测定了采集于山东省规模化羊场常用羊饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、呕吐毒素(DON)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)4种霉菌毒素含量。结果表明,被检样品中4种毒素污染较为严重的为呕吐毒素,其中玉米及副产品、玉米秸、米糠、酒糟、豆饼、豆渣中含量较高,其次为玉米赤霉烯酮,其中玉米秸、苜蓿、混合饲料和全价料中含量较高。赭曲霉毒素A主要污染棉粕,黄曲霉毒素B1污染较轻。 相似文献
7.
1 鸭场黄曲霉毒素主要来源
鸭场黄曲霉毒素主要来源于饲料、粪便以及与饲料和粪便接触的物品.而干净土壤中的黄曲霉毒素很少.不同饲料原料产黄曲霉毒素的能力差异较大.人工接种曲霉于各种饲料原料中检测产毒情况,发现花生粕产毒量最高,其次为玉米和豆粕. 相似文献
8.
<正>猪黄曲霉毒素(简称AFT),主要是由黄曲霉和寄生曲霉等产毒菌株所产代谢产物的总称。黄曲霉毒素普遍存在于发霉的饲料中,当猪长期采食霉变的饲料,就会引起中毒,黄曲霉毒素对养猪业所造成的经济损失是巨大的。因此,临床上要了解该病的发病原因、症状,做到准确诊断,及时预防,合理用药,有效治疗。1发病原因黄曲霉和寄生曲霉广泛存在于自然界当中,饲料中的玉米、豆粕等原料即使肉眼看不出发霉变质,在实验室中进行分离培养时也能检测 相似文献
9.
1饲料原料引起的饲料中毒1．1黄曲霉素中毒黄曲霉毒素是由黄曲霉菌产生的一种毒素。黄曲霉菌广泛分布于自然界，常寄生在花生、花生饼（粕）、豆饼、玉米黄豆、麸皮等饲料中，当温度（24-30℃）和湿度（80％以上）适宜时，黄曲霉菌就迅速繁殖，产生损害动物肝脏的代谢产物黄曲霉毒素； 相似文献
10.
黄曲霉毒素(aflatoxin)由黄曲霉及寄生曲霉等真菌在霉变的谷物中产生,具有强烈的生物毒性,由于其性质稳定,常规加工处理很难清除,给食品加工和饲料生产带来了巨大的危害。益生芽孢杆菌是黄曲霉毒素生物降解法常选的菌种之一,既可以通过体外发酵减少食品和饲料中的黄曲霉毒素,也可以作为微生态制剂添加到饲料中,不仅可以发挥益生菌的益生作用,还能降解畜禽消化道食糜中的黄曲霉毒素。文章主要综述了益生芽孢杆菌在体内及体外对黄曲霉毒素的影响,益生芽孢杆菌降解黄曲霉毒素的作用机理,以及影响降解效果的因素,提出了有待研究的方向。 相似文献
11.
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario. Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously. 相似文献
13.
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
14.
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
15.
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection. 相似文献
17.
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
18.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated. Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively. 相似文献
19.
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
20.
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%). Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
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