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1.
The effects of seasonal high temperatures on potatoes were investigated under field conditions near Peshawar, Pakistan. Five potato clones (A79196-1, Desiree, DTO-28, LT-1, Russet Burbank) were grown during the spring season at two locations. Canopy development, vine dry weight and tuber dry weight were determined at 13-day intervals, starting 68 days after planting (DAP). Tuber yield was higher in heat tolerant clones compared to heat susceptible clones. Location significantly affected tuber dry weights. Tuber dry weights of Russet Burbank were consistently lower than those of DTO-28. Ground canopy cover of DTO-28 occurred earlier and reached maximum at 75 DAP, compared to 90 DAP for Desiree. DTO-28, because of its high tuber yield under cool as well as hot temperatures, and its relatively early bulking, should be a promising clone for a short duration crop in hotter regions.  相似文献   

2.
Partitioning patterns of14C labeled assimilates were studied to determine their relationship to dry matter accumulation and distribution in four potato clones (Desiree, DTO-28, LT-1 and Russet Burbank). Plants placed in growth chambers at 35/25 C day/night temperature and 12-hour photo-period two weeks after tuber initiation were compared with plants grown continuously at 25/12 C. Two weeks after temperature treatments were begun, the most recently expanded leaf was labeled with14CO2 for 30 minutes, and plants were harvested 20 hours or 15 days later. High temperature reduced total dry matter production and altered dry matter distribution in favor of vines at the expense of tubers. Partitioning of14C assimilates generally followed the pattern of dry matter distribution. Potato clones exhibited variation in14C assimilate export from labeled leaves and in partitioning to vines and tubers. Assimilate partitioning to tubers was not consistently higher in clones considered heat tolerant.  相似文献   

3.
A survey of genotypic responses to beneficial bacterium (Pseudomonas sp. strain PsJN) was conductedin vitro andex vitro, under two temperature conditions, using eighteen clones of potato of different heat stress tolerance: temperate adapted cultivars Kennebec and Russet Burbank; heat tolerant DTO-2, DTO-28, DTO-33, LT-1, LT-2, LT-5, LT-6, LT-7, LT-8, LT-9, Y84-02, NDD277-2, Désirée, and Maine-47; and heat sensitive abscissic acid (ABA)-deficient mutants 11401-01 and 9120-05. Nodal explants taken from 6-week-old bacterized and non-bacterized control plantlets were culturedin vitro on a hormone-free potato nodal cutting medium, and placed at either 20/15 C or 33/25 C day/night temperature, 12h photoperiod and 250 µE m?2 s?1 mixture of fluorescent and incandescent light, for six weeks. The tuberization response was studiedex vitro after two weeks acclimation of 2-week old plantlets at 33/25C. The acclimated plantlets were transplanted to 3L plastic nursery pots containing peat-based Pro-Mix growing medium and placed in growth chambers at either 20/15 or 33/25 C day/night temperature, 12 h photoperiod, 475 μE m?2 s?1 light and ≈80% RH, for 12 weeks. Compared to the non-bacterized controls, bacterization significantly increased stem length of 12, shoot biomass of 9, and root biomass of 2 clones at 20/15C; and stem length of 14, shoot biomass of 15, and root biomass of 13 clones at 33/25C. High temperature increased length of internodes and had either no effect or slightly decreased node number. Temperature increase had the most dramatic effect on root development. An average shoot to root ratio decreased from 3.7 at 20/15 C to 1.7 at 33/25 C for non-bacterized plantlets and, respectively, from 4.3 to 1.5 for bacterized. The beneficial effect of bacterization on root biomass was the most pronounced in LT-1 and Maine-47 at 20/15 C and LT-8, Maine 47, DTO-2, Kennebec, NDD277-2 and 11401-01 at 33/25C. The temperature elevation did not significantly affect root biomass of LT-6, DTO-28 and Désirée. Temperature stress caused severe reduction in tuber number and tuber fresh weight. ABA-deficient mutants did not produce any tubers and LT-8, LT-9, Y84-027 and DTO-28 tuberized very poorly at 33/25C. DTO-33, Désirée, LT-1 and Kennebec gave the highest number of tubers per pot and Kennebec, LT-1, Désirée and LT-7 the highest yields at this temperature. There was no significant effect of bacterization on tuberization at 20/15 C but at 33/25 C bacterization significantly enhanced tuber number and weight in LT-7 and reduced tuber weight in DTO-2. Although there was no clear link between thein vitro response of particular clones to bacterization and their heat stress tolerance, improvement ofex vitro performance of heat tolerant LT-7 indicates that rhizosphere bacteria may play a role in clonal adaptation of potato to heat stress.  相似文献   

4.
Six potato cultivars from North America were grown in two greenhouses under 18-h photoperiods. All plants were started in a greenhouse that was well ventilated and maintained as close as possible to summer ambient temperatures. One month after planting, half the plants of each cultivar were moved to a greenhouse that was kept at 30 C during the night and was allowed to reach 40 C or higher during the day. Plants from each treatment were harvested at monthly intervals for growth analyses. Concurrently, five clones considered to be heat tolerant were subjected to a similar test in a second experiment. In response to high temperatures, plants in both experiments were taller with smaller leaves, lower tuber yields, higher ratios of stem to leaf dry matter, and lower ratios of tuber to leaf and to stem dry matter. Tubers were lower in percent dry matter, maturity was delayed, and cuttings developed fewer tubers. Cultivars differed greatly in the degree to which they were affected by the heat. In the first experiment, Norchip had outstanding heat tolerance. LT-2 was the most tolerant of the clones in the second experiment. For the cooler treatment the best performance in either experiment was from two clones originally selected in the lowland tropics.  相似文献   

5.
Forty-day-old plants of ten cultivars of potato,Solanum tuberosum L. (Alpha, Atlantic, Bintje, Caribe, Kennebec, Red Pontiac, Russet Burbank, Sebago, Shepody and Superior), were placed into a controlled environment chamber held continuously at 35 C and their growth (Plastochron Index) and several chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (O, P, T, Fv and Fr) were measured after 1, 14, 21 and 28 days’ exposure. The cultivars were grouped according to heat tolerance based upon survival of three of four plants. The least heat tolerant group, surviving 14 days, included Atlantic, Bintje and Superior. The medium heat tolerant group, surviving 21 days’ exposure, included Kennebec, Red Pontiac and Sebago. The best heat tolerant group, surviving 28 days’ exposure, included Alpha, Caribe, Russet Burbank and Shepody. In addition, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of six plants of each cultivar were also measured after 1 h at 5, 15, 25 and 35 C exposure in a second experiment. In all cases plants in the group with the least tolerance displayed less fluorescence than the medium or high heat tolerance plants, suggesting that plants with the least tolerance to high temperature exposure had less energy transfer through PSII (Photosystem II). These plants also had a rise in T at temperatures aboveca. 15 C. A decrease in Fv during growth at 35 C was a good indicator of foliar heat damage. Chlorophyll fluorescence of plant tissue in all three groups increased after short exposure of 1 h to temperatures below 15 C and also after continuous exposure to 35 C. At both ranges of temperature, damage was probably occurring to the thylakoid membranes which inhibited re-oxidation of PSII. Since the rate of response was different, chilling and high temperature apparently differ in how they alter the thylakoid membranes.  相似文献   

6.
Twenty-four potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars from different regions of the world were evaluated in terms of their responses to continuous light (24 h photoperiod) and to high temperature (30 C) in two separate experiments under controlled environments. In each experiment, a first evaluation of the cultivars was made at day 35 after transplanting, at which time 12 cultivars exhibiting best growth and tuber initiation were selected. A final evaluation of the 12 cultivars was made after an additional 21 days of growth, at which time plant height, total dry weight, tuber dry weight, and tuber number were determined. In the continuous light evaluation, the 12 selected cultivars were Alaska 114, Atlantic, Bintje, Denali, Desiree, Haig, New York 81, Ottar, Rutt, Snogg, Snowchip, and Troll. In the high temperature evaluation, the 12 selected cultivars were Alpha, Atlantic, Bake King, Denali, Desiree, Haig, Kennebec, Norland, Russet Burbank, Rutt, Superior, and Troll. Among the cultivars selected under continuous irradiation, Desiree, Ottar, Haig, Rutt, Denali and Alaska showed the best potential for high productivity whereas New York 81 and Bintje showed the least production capability. Among the cultivars selected under high temperature, Rutt, Haig, Troll and Bake King had best performance whereas Atlantic, Alpha, Kennebec and Russet Burbank exhibited the least production potential. Thus, Haig and Rutt were the two cultivars that performed well under continuous irradiation and high temperature conditions, and could have maximum potential for adaptation to varying stress environments. These two cultivars may have the best potential for use in future space farming in which continuous light and/or high temperature conditions may exist. However, cultivar responses under combined conditions of continuous light and high temperature remains for further validation.  相似文献   

7.
Potato virus Y (PVY) infection is one of the greatest challenges to seed potato production in the United States. To determine how cultivar and seed type affect the development of systemic PVY infection, Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah Colorado 3 cultivars were grown from two types of pre-nuclear seed (i.e., plantlets and minitubers) and Generation 3 (G3) tubers and challenged with PVY strain Wilga (PVYN-Wi). Systemic PVY infection was measured by assaying spread of virus from the inoculation site to upper non-inoculated leaves. The Burbank cultivar had a lower incidence of systemic PVY infection compared to the incidence of systemic PVY that developed in the Colorado 3 cultivar. Furthermore, Burbank plants grown from G3 tubers had a lower incidence of systemic PVY infection, as compared to Burbank plants grown from plantlets. Together our results indicate that both cultivar and seed type affect the development of systemic PVYN-Wi infections post-inoculation.  相似文献   

8.
Growth of 6 potato virus S (PVS)-infected potato clones in tissue culture in temperature regimes alternating between supraoptimal (40°C–45°C) and optimal (25°C) temperatures was compared to incubation of etiolated shoots at constant moderate temperatures (37°C) to obtain virus-free plants by shoot tip culture. Both procedures were effective in obtaining PVS-free propagative material. Virus-free plants were obtained in 5 of 6 clones by the alternating temperatures procedure and in 4 of the 6 clones by the constant 37°C incubation prior to shoot tip isolation. Heat tolerance, virus inactivation, and development of pathogen-free buds from the heat-treated plants depended upon the potato cultivar and the type of culture media in which the tips grew, but these characteristics did not coincide in any clone. The variety Chieftain was the least tolerant to the high temperatures and no virus-free individuals were recovered. White Rose was the most heat resistant, but Russet Burbank resulted with the highest percentage of PVS-free plants. The virus was eliminated from the variety Kennebec only by the alternating temperature treatments. Exposing potato plantlets in the alternating temperature regimes prior to isolation and regeneration of shoot tips was slightly better than the traditional method of incubation of plants at constant moderate temperatures that the plant will withstand and offers a new option in freeing plants of more tenacious viruses.  相似文献   

9.
Twenty-four potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars from different regions of the world were evaluated in terms of their responses to continuous light (24 h photoperiod) and to high temperature (30 C) in two separate experiments under controlled environments. In each experiment, a first evaluation of the cultivars was made at day 35 after transplanting, at which time 12 cultivars exhibiting best growth and tuber initiation were selected. A final evaluation of the 12 cultivars was made after an additional 21 days of growth, at which time plant height, total dry weight, tuber dry weight, and tuber number were determined. In the continuous light evaluation, the 12 selected cultivars were Alaska 114, Atlantic, Bintje, Denali, Desiree, Haig, New York 81, Ottar, Rutt, Snogg, Snowchip, and Troll. In the high temperature evaluation, the 12 selected cultivars were Alpha, Atlantic, Bake King, Denali, Desiree, Haig, Kennebec, Norland, Russet Burbank, Rutt, Superior, and Troll. Among the cultivars selected under continuous irradiation, Desiree, Ottar, Haig, Rutt, Denali and Alaska showed the best potential for high productivity whereas New York 81 and Bintje showed the least production capability. Among the cultivars selected under high temperature, Rutt, Haig, Troll and Bake King had best performance whereas Atlantic, Alpha, Kennebec and Russet Burbank exhibited the least production potential. Thus, Haig and Rutt were the two cultivars that performed well under continuous irradiation and high temperature conditions, and could have maximum potential for adaptation to varying stress environments. These two cultivars may have the best potential for use in future space farming in which continuous light and/or high temperature conditions may exist. However, cultivar responses under combined conditions of continuous light and high temperature remains for further validation.  相似文献   

10.
This paper is the second in a three-part series describing the influence of varied irradiance on growth and photoassimilate partitioning by potato plants. Four clones (Russet Burbank, Lemhi Russet, A66107-51, and A6948-4) were grown under two light regimes: a) high light levels (HL) of 500 to 1200 μE m-2 s-1, varying with changes in natural sunlight and time of day, and b) low light levels (LL) at approximately one quarter of high light (21 to 28%). Three weeks after tuber initiation, the most recently-matured leaf was labelled with14CO2, and plants were harvested: 1) one day after labelling, and 2) two weeks after labelling. Plants of all clones responded to the low light levels in a similar way by: 1) changing some morphological characteristics, 2) decreasing biomass accumulation and tuber yield, and 3) changing the sink-source relationship by promoting growth of leaves and stems at the expense of tubers. However, there were evident clonal differences in reactions to growth under low light; e.g., Lemhi Russet appeared to be most sensitive to light stress, while clones A66107-51 and A6848-4 were much less sensitive. No matter what the prior light history (HL or LL), clone A6948-4 was able to maintain higher rates of photosynthesis than the other clones at all light levels between 200 and 1200 μE m-2 s-1. This study showed that the potential exists to breed for cuttivars that can maintain higher rates of photosynthesis and higher tuber yield under low light levels.  相似文献   

11.
An action threshold of 3-10 green peach aphid,Myzus persicae (Sulzer), apterae per 100 lower leaves is recommended for use in Minnesota to prevent further spread of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in potato,Solarium tuberosum L. This threshold was first developed and validated using the PLRV susceptible cultivar Russet Burbank. Here we report experiments to determine if higher aphid densities could be tolerated in PLRV resistant cultivars,i.e., Kennebec (moderately resistant) or Cascade (highly resistant), without an increase in PLRV infection. Insecticidal sprays were applied to plots when predetermined target aphid densities, based on number of apterae per 100 leaves, were reached: 3, 10, 30, and 100 (Russet Burbank); 10, 30, 100, and 300 (Kennebec); and 30, 100, 300, and 1000 (Cascade). The response variable was the average percentage of PLRV infected plants. Overall mean cumulative aphid-days and percent PLRV infection were 617 and 23.5% for Russet Burbank, 1,296 and 10.2% for Kennebec, and 4,816 and 9.5% for Cascade. For each cultivar, the highest target aphid density tolerated without an increase in PLRV spread was determined by comparing PLRV infection in plots sprayed on predetermined thresholds to PLRV infection in plots where aphids were rigorously controlled. This maximum density was 10 apterae per 100 leaves for Russet Burbank and 300 apterae per 100 leaves for Cascade. Results using Kennebec were ambiguous, but Kennebec was always more resistant to PLRV than Russet Burbank. Excised leaflet tests showed that the cultivars did not differ in resistance to green peach aphid. It appears that action thresholds based on green peach aphid apterae can be different depending upon the inherent PLRV-resistance of the cultivar.  相似文献   

12.
Microtubers are used to propagate, to store, and to transport potato clones. Culturing single-node explants from potato plantletsin vitro without subtending leaves was reported to result in plantlets with lower vigor and a higher coefficient of variation. The effect on microtuber productionin vitro of leaf area and the presence or absence of leaves on potato single-node cuttings was investigated as an extension of the above study. Stock plantlets of potato cvs Atlantic, Kennebec, Russet Burbank, and Shepody were cultured under a 16-h photoperiod. Single-node cuttings were excised and grown in a high-sucrose tuberization medium in darkness. Leaf area did not affect the frequency, size, or weight of microtubers of cvs Katahdin and Russet Burbank. The absence of leaves reduced microtuber diameter for Russet Burbank; whereas Atlantic, Kennebec, and Shepody were unaffected. Mean fresh weight of microtubers was reduced when leaves were removed for all cvs except Atlantic. No effect of the removal of the leaf was observed for mean dry weights of microtubers from all cvs, although microtubers from single-node cuttings without leaves accumulated significantly more percent dry matter than those with leaves. Rapid multiplication facilities may therefore wish to consider conserving resources such as media, vessels, and growth room space by culturing explants without leaves for the production of microtubers.  相似文献   

13.
Alta Russet (Russet Nugget × Ranger Russet) is an early-maturing cultivar, with high yield and excellent processing quality (fry color and dry matter) coupled with a tuber size and shape profile ideal for the manufacture of wedge-cut french fries. In the western Canadian regional trials harvested 110 days after planting, the yield of the new cultivar was similar and the specific gravity superior to that of Russet Burbank. In multi-harvest date trials conducted under irrigated conditions in southern Alberta (Canada) the yield of Alta Russet was superior to Russet Burbank and Shepody and similar to Ranger Russet (Amisk) when harvested at 95 and 110 days after planting. The tuber specific gravity of the new cultivar was superior to Russet Burbank, Shepody, and Ranger Russet (Amisk) at 95 days after planting. At 110 days after planting tuber specific gravity was similar to Ranger Russet (Amisk), but superior to Russet Burbank and Shepody. Fry color was generally superior to Russet Burbank in the western Canadian regional trials and in the multi-harvest trials was generally similar to Russet Burbank, Shepody, and Ranger Russet (Amisk). Alta Russet produces excellent fry color out of long-term storage at 8 C and acceptable color at 6 C. External and internal defects occurred at very low levels in all trials. Alta Russet is resistant to common scab and Verticillium wilt, moderately resistant to early blight and Fusarium wilt and susceptible to Fusarium dry rot and late blight. The new cultivar shows clear symptoms when infected with bacterial ring rot.  相似文献   

14.
Potato cultivars Norland, Kennebec, and Russet Burbank were inoculated with a Minnesota isolate of potato virus S (PVS) in the field. The incidence of secondary infection, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indicated that significantly more PVS infection occurred in Russet Burbank than Norland or Kennebec, and that Norland had significantly more infection than Kennebec (P≤ 0.01). Mature plant resistance was not observed. Rapid reinfection of PVS-free seedlots resulted from inoculum point-sources when routine cultivation practices were followed. Reinfection rates were significantly greater for seedlots grown at Grand Forks, ND, when compared with seedlots grown at Becker, MN, during both years of the study (P≤ 0.01). After two years in the field, reinfection rates for Norland (71.8%) and Russet Burbank (73.0%) did not differ significantly, but were significantly greater than the reinfection rate for Kennebec (29.5%) (P≤ 0.01). In greenhouse-grown plants, PVS moved out of rub-inoculated leaves within 24 hr, however, 13 and 20 days were required before PVS was detected with ELISA in foliage above and below the inoculated leaf, respectively. The frequency of PVS detection was significantly greater in foliage above the inoculated leaf compared to foliage below the inoculated leaf (P≤ 0.05). Translocation of PVS from inoculated leaves to daughter tubers occurred within 13 days for Russet Burbank and Norland and within 20 days for Kennebec.  相似文献   

15.
Teton Russet is an early-maturing, medium-russeted, potato cultivar with high merit for both fresh-pack and processing. In early harvest trials in the Pacific Northwest, Teton Russet had total yields similar to Russet Norkotah, and higher than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank. Marketable yield of Teton Russet in the early harvest trials was also comparable to or higher than Russet Norkotah in Washington and Oregon, and higher than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank at these sites, as well as in Idaho. In full-season trials, while total yield of the earlier-maturing Teton Russet tended to be lower than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank, marketable yield was generally higher than Russet Burbank across the majority of sites due to its higher percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Teton Russet is suitable for processing, with acceptable fry color following up to 8 months of storage at 8.9 °C. Uniformity of fry color was also very consistent. Teton Russet has shown lower levels of the amino acid asparagine relative to Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank which may contribute to lower acrylamide levels in French fries and other processed potato products. Teton Russet is notable for having resistance to common scab (Streptomyces spp.) and Fusarium dry rot, and is moderately resistant to tuber net necrosis. Analyses have also shown Teton Russet to have significantly higher protein levels than Russet Norkotah, Ranger Russet, and Russet Burbank, as well as higher vitamin C content than Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. Teton Russet was released in 2011 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, and is a product of the Pacific Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program.  相似文献   

16.
Summary Potato tuber glycoalkaloid content was measured in response to nitrogen fertilizer rate, storage temperature, length of storage period and cultivar. Cvs Gemchip, Norchip and Russet Burbank were grown with applied nitrogen fertilizer rates of 0, 168 or 336 kg/ha and then stored at either 4.4 or 10°C. Total glycoalkaloid content was determined one month before harvest, at harvest, after three months of storage and after nine months of storage. Higher rates of nitrogen, higher storage temperature and a period of storage all resulted in significantly (P<0.05) higher concentration of glycoalkaloids. The cv Norchip had higher glycoalkaloids than cvs Gemchip or Russet Burbank. Only the storage period had more influence than the environment (difference between years). Significant (P<0.05) two-way interactions were detected for year x cultivar, year x nitrogen, storage period x cultivar and nitrogen x cultivar. Most interactions were due to the unique responses of cultivars.  相似文献   

17.
Green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) is a serious pest of potato and causes severe yield loss to potato production worldwide. The volatiles emitted from potato plants influence host selection by M. persicae. A laboratory experiment was conducted to study how these volatile emissions vary among four potato varieties (IdaRose, Desiree, Chipeta and Russet Burbank) having different genetic backgrounds, and to compare the aphid responses to the volatiles emitted by these varieties. Results indicated that headspace volatiles detected, and aphid responses, differed significantly among the varieties. Myzus persicae arrestment was greater in response to Desiree and Chipeta than on Russet Burbank and arrestment on IdaRose was intermediate and did not differ significantly from any of the other varieties, but the arrestment was not related to the total concentration of volatiles released by these varieties. This indicates that the blend of volatiles was important for eliciting arrestment. Eigenvector weightings of principal component 1 were predominantly sesquiterpenes (especially caryophyllene, sesquiphellandrene, α-farnesene and longifolene), whereas those for principal component 2 were predominantly aldehydes and green leaf volatiles (n-hexana1, (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-2-hexenal and nonanal. The pedigrees of the varieties are not associated with the volatile blends or aphid responses.  相似文献   

18.
The relationship between chip color, dry matter, sucrose, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid, protein, and storage temperature of commercially grown and stored Russet Burbank, Norchip, and Kennebec potatoes was investigated. Multiple correlation analysis of data, collected over a period of three years, demonstrated that while dry matter, reducing sugars, sucrose, and tuber weight were significant in determining chip color of freshly harvested potatoes, reducing sugars, tuber temperature, and sucrose were important in determining chip color of stored tubers. The relative importance of each parameter varied with the age of the tubers, year in which the potatoes were grown and stored, and cultivar. The multiple correlation coefficient among chip color, dry matter, sucrose, reducing sugars, and tuber weight was 0.901 for fresh Russet Burbank, 0.839 for fresh Norchip, 0.909 for fresh Kennebec, and 0.790 for the three cultivars combined. Similarly, the multiple correlation coefficient among chip color, reducing sugars, sucrose, and tuber temperature was 0.866 for stored Russet Burbank, 0.731 for stored Norchip, 0.914 for stored Kennebec and 0.790 for the combined stored material. Regression equations varied from cultivar to cultivar and from one season to another. This indicates that the quantitative relationship between the factors assayed was not sufficiently stable to serve as a general measure of prediction.  相似文献   

19.
Movement of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) to tubers following placement of viruliferous aphids on foliage was studied on the medium-maturing cultivar, Katahdin and the late-maturing cultivar, Russet Burbank. Inoculation was begun on August 20 and continued at three-day intervals until mid-September. There was no trend of increasing or decreasing numbers of leafroll-infected tubers from early to late inoculation. Several variables were examined to determine their effects on the incidence of PLRV-infected tubers. Multiple regression analyses showed that inoculation date, maximum daily temperature, minimum daily temperature, plant age, and length of time from inoculation to harvest explained 38% of PLR incidence in tubers of cv. Katahdin. Length of time from inoculation to harvest and minimum daily temperature explained 40% of PLR incidence in tubers of the cv. Russet Burbank.  相似文献   

20.
Many potatoes in the Northwest are grown on sandy soils with sprinkler irrigation. The low water holding capacity and restricted rooting often associated with coarse-textured soils create conditions where water stress injury is likely. Temporary water shortage due to irrigation system failure is a hazard on these soils. The Russet Burbank cultivar is often severely injured by such water stress. It is not known how the cultivars Nooksack and Lemhi respond to these conditions. A study was conducted to compare the responses of Russet Burbank, Nooksack, and Lemhi cultivars to interruptions in irrigation during tuber initiation or during bulking, and to gradually increasing water stress from declining water application rates during the last 8 to 10 weeks of the growing season. In most categories evaluated, Russet Burbank was most injured by water stress, especially in percent U.S. No. 1 tubers. Much of the decrease in U.S. No. 1 tubers was due to small size. Nooksack generally was the least affected by water stress while Lemhi was affected slightly more than Nooksack. Both Nooksack and Lemhi withstood periods of water stress and produced satisfactory yields and grades of tubers while Russet Burbank did not produce profitable levels of marketable tubers.  相似文献   

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