共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 291 毫秒
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两种疏花剂对苹果授粉受精过程的影响 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
利用荧光显微镜对苹果授粉受精过程进行了跟踪观察，从微观解剖学上探讨了两种疏花剂MCPB-ethyl[4-(4-chloro-2．methyl phenoxy)butanoate]和CFA (calcium-formic acid corr~ound)对苹果疏花的机理，证明二者对苹果授粉受精的影响完全不同。MCPB-ethyl不影响花粉萌发以及花粉管在花柱内生长，也不影响花粉管到达胚珠的速度和受精进程，它是通过抑制胚珠组织发育而导致落果。与之相反，CFA是通过杀伤柱头、落在柱头上的花粉及已经长人花柱上部的花粉管，使之不能受精而导致落果，对胚珠发育无明显影响。 相似文献
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以3年生枳砧建阳桔柚为试材,观察花器官结构、花粉育性、授粉后花粉管生长过程和早期胚胎发育情况。结果表明,建阳桔柚的花为完全花,花粉染色活力为66.42%,花粉萌发率为8.68%。自花和异花(沃柑花粉)授粉4h后花粉都开始萌发;授粉8h后异花授粉的花粉大量萌发,自花授粉萌发量比授粉4h时多,但低于异花授粉;异花授粉24h后少量花粉管伸入子房,异花授粉48h后大量花粉管进入子房中且部分完成受精;自花授粉48h后花粉管进入子房,但并没有受精成功,自花授粉72h后可观察到少量受精成功。自花授粉于授粉2周后观察到胚珠内部出现空腔、早期败育;异花授粉于授粉3周后观察到部分胚珠内部出现空腔、早期败育。 相似文献
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君子兰（Clivia miniata Regel）的贮藏花粉时间与受精过程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用花粉低温冷藏技术与常规石蜡制片技术研究了大花君子兰的贮藏花粉寿命以及受精过程，为其杂交育种提供基础资料。结果如下：新鲜花粉结籽率为35%；-21℃贮藏70 d的花粉结籽率为22%；贮藏140 d的花粉结籽率为4%；贮藏180 d的花粉结籽率为0。两个精细胞具有二型性。成熟胚囊里次生核位于反足细胞端。胚珠发育不同步，胚珠没有受精与胚珠败育成为结籽率低的内部原因。君子兰受精过程经历时间为：人工异花授粉2 h左右花粉萌发；花粉管在花柱中生长26 h左右；花粉管在子房腔内生长12 h左右；授粉后42～50 h雌雄性细胞融合；授粉后44～46 h初生胚乳核分裂；授粉后的第6～7 d，合子进行分裂，合子休眠期为4～5 d。 相似文献
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氨基乙氧基乙烯甘氨酸( AVG) 处理对‘巨峰’葡萄胚珠和种子发育的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
‘巨峰’葡萄开花前2 周用氨基乙氧基乙烯甘氨酸( 2-aminoethxyvinlglycine, AVG)100 mg!L-1处理可以明显增加有核果粒率和种子数。人工授粉24 h 后, 子房中的花粉管伸长快于对照, 花粉管生长状况也优于对照。这是由于AVG 处理降低了雌蕊中阻碍花粉管伸长物质的活性, 同时可以改善胚囊发育, 提高正常胚囊率和增加子房中的胚珠数和心皮数, 这可能为促进受精和增加受精机会创造了条件。 相似文献
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磨盘柿与甜柿杂交低结籽率的组织学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对西村早生、禅寺丸和花御所3种甜柿自交及与磨盘柿杂交的花粉管荧光观察,磨盘柿胚囊发育的石蜡切片观察,研究了磨盘柿受精率低的原因。结果如下：①磨盘柿与3种甜柿杂交,发育种子比例（发育种子数/胚珠数）明显低于甜柿自交,且父本花粉不同,磨盘柿的结子率有较大差异;②磨盘柿柱头上附着花粉量少,发芽率低,花柱中花粉管数量少,到达基部的条数少。甜柿柱头附着的花粉量大、发芽率高,花柱中花粉管数量大,大部分可以到达子房;③磨盘柿中存在多种异常胚囊,直接或间接的影响受精的顺利进行。较低的受精比率以及大量异常胚囊的存在是导致磨盘柿结籽率低的原因。 相似文献
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日光温室条件下甜樱桃授粉受精期间环境因子对花粉行为的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以甜樱桃(Prunus avium L.)红灯为试材,采用荧光显微技术研究了日光温室和露地条件下甜樱桃花粉行为的差异,并观察记载了授粉受精期间日光温室和露地环境因子的变化情况。结果表明,环境因子影响了甜樱桃的花粉行为,日光温室内花粉萌发和花粉管伸长速率明显落后于露地。日光温室条件下,授粉后6h花粉萌发,120h花粉管进入子房;而露地条件下,授粉后3h花粉萌发,72h花粉管进入子房。其中,气温是影响日光温室甜樱桃授粉受精进程延缓的主要环境因子。 相似文献
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百合种间杂交受精前障碍的研究 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：23
以‘山丹’ (Lilium pumilum ) 、‘西伯利亚’ ( Siberia) 、‘白狐’ (White Fox) 、‘粉完美’( Pink Perfection) 、铁亚杂种系品种‘达诺’ (Ceb Dazzle) 和‘维多利亚瀑布’ (Victoria Falls) 为试材, 对花粉的活力、萌发力、贮存条件及授粉方式进行了研究, 结果表明适宜的蔗糖浓度有利于百合花粉萌发;花粉贮存适宜温度为5℃; 不同的授粉方式影响花粉的萌发, 授粉48 h后, 花粉管停止生长, 切花柱授粉方式的花粉处于不萌发状态; 试管受精24 h后, 花粉管即可进入胚珠, 45 d果实明显膨大, 经胚培养获得杂交苗。 相似文献
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Papaya pollen viability and storage 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Papaya pollen viability, tube growth and storage were studied. Pollen germination on a drop of modified Brewbaker medium at 22–26°C closely reflected in vivo germination. Two vital stains gave pollen viability estimates that correlated closely with pollen germination percentage. The time from pollination to first ovule penetration was 25 h at 28°C, no in vitro pollen germination was observed at 5°C and at 40°C pollen tube growth was retarded. High relative humidity (70–80%) hastened the process compared with low relative humidity (30–40%).
Pollen could be stored successfully for 6 months when kept at − 18°C in a deep-freezer. Storage of pollen for the winter months, during which no or very little viable pollen is formed in the coastal area of Israel, seems a practical means to ensure adequate fruit set. 相似文献
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P. Nagarajan P. D. Walton 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):443-450
SummaryThe effects of ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA) on self-incompatibility was tested in a Phaseolus coccineus line which failed to form pods in controlled pollinations. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fluorescence miscroscopy confirmed problems in pollen-germination and pollen-tube growth but EACA-treated self- pollinations resulted in fairly normal pollen germination and pollen tube growth. In a few cases, pollen tubes were seen entering the embryo sac and occasionally pods were formed. Incongruity barriers also exist in crosses of P. coccineus × P. vulgaris, P. acutifolius × P. coccineus and their reciprocals. Effects of EACA on flower abscission, pod development and pod abscission were studied. Increased pod formation was observed in EACA treated materials, except in P. acutifolius × P. coccineus and P. coccineus × P. vulgaris cv. Jacobs Cattle. EACA seems to act at the stigmatic and stylar levels, thereby enhancing pollen germination and pollen tube growth and delaying flower abscission. The net result is fertilization and delayed senescence which permit the pod to grow for a longer period of time. 相似文献
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选用自交不亲和性程度不同的2个甜樱桃品种莫利和拉宾斯为试材,分别在开花前、开花当天和开花后进行莫利自花、拉宾斯自花和莫利×拉宾斯异花授粉,并于授粉后12、24、48、72、96h切取花柱,用FAA固定,荧光染色后压片观察。结果表明,3个组合的花粉萌发率都以开花当天授粉的最佳,拉宾斯自交和莫利×拉宾斯的花粉管生长状况也以开花当天授粉的最佳,但莫利自交的花粉管生长状况却以花前第4天最佳,花后第4天次之,而当天授粉的最差。因此认为,甜樱桃自交不亲和程度与其雌蕊的发育状态密切相关,蕾期授粉和延迟授粉都能够在一定程度上克服甜樱桃的自交不亲和性,但蕾期授粉的作用更加明显。 相似文献
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为进一步研究活体条件下精胺对梨花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响,以幸水、新雪、长-二十世纪为材料,采用荧光显微镜观测了不同浓度精胺处理的花粉萌发及花粉管生长情况。试验结果表明:较低浓度的精胺能促进花粉萌发,而超过一定浓度时则表现抑制作用,适宜于花粉萌发的精胺浓度是0-0.025mmol/L。精胺对花粉管生长的促进作用因品种而异,0-0.05mmol/L,精胺促进幸水、新雪花粉管生长的作用主要表现在花柱中上部;而到达基部的花粉管仍较少,与对照间差异不显著。在0-0.025mmol/L的适宜浓度下,精胺可促进长-二十世纪花粉管生长并到达花柱基部。不同浓度的精胺对幸水、新雪坐果影响不大;而适宜浓度的精胺可促进长-二十世纪坐果。 相似文献
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K.G. Stott 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):191-198
Pollen-tube growth characteristics are being used increasingly to investigate compatibility relationships in plants. A study was initiated to define more fully the characteristics of compatible and incompatible pollen-tube growth in 40 apple cultivars. Individual reactions varied in detail, but, in general, diploid pollen averaged over 70% germination, triploid pollen less than 10%. Compatible pollen tubes grew rapidly down the style and were characterized by small widely spaced, intermittent callose plugs and the absence of terminal plugs. Incompatible tubes were slower growing, often stopping completely, and had heavy depositions of callose tissue along and at the end of the tube. 相似文献
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An improved in vitro pollen germination assay was developed to assess the viability of stored Hedychium pollen. The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (10, 15, and 20%, w/v) on pollen germination and tube growth was evaluated for Hedychium longicornutum and two commercial Hedychium cultivars, ‘Orange Brush’ and ‘Filigree’. Overall, the inclusion of PEG 4000 in the medium improved both pollen germination and tube growth for the three different genotypes tested and the results varied depending on genotype. In vitro germination was used to assess the viability of Hedychium pollen stored up to two months. Pollen nucleus status was determined for four Hedychium cultivars, ‘Orange Brush’, ‘Anne Bishop’, ‘Filigree’, and ‘Daniel Weeks’. Pollens of ‘Orange Brush’, ‘Anne Bishop’, and ‘Daniel Weeks’ were found to be binucleate but ‘Filigree’ was shown to possess both binucleate and trinucleate pollens. High pollen:ovule ratio values were obtained in several Hedychium taxa. The results obtained on the nuclear pollen status and pollen:ovule ratios will further our understanding of the pollination biology and help clarify the taxonomy and phylogeny of Hedychium species. 相似文献
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蔗糖和PEG对山茶花花粉离体萌发的影响 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
以山茶花为材料,研究不同浓度的蔗糖和PEG对茶花花粉离体萌发的影响.结果表明:添加适当浓度的蔗糖和PEG有利于山茶花花粉的萌发和花粉管的生长,但是随着浓度的升高对花粉的萌发有一定抑制作用.当蔗糖浓度为20 g/L、PEG浓度为15 g/L时花粉的萌发率最高. 相似文献