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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(10)
【目的】竹材内含丰富的淀粉和糖类物质,易遭霉菌侵蚀,耐候耐久性差,探讨糠醇树脂改性对重组竹物理力学性能和防霉性能的影响,为重组竹糠醇树脂改性技术提供参考和借鉴。【方法】利用10%、20%、30%质量浓度的糠醇树脂加压浸渍竹束单元,对其进行改性处理,并采用"热进冷出"工艺制备重组竹板材,测量不同质量浓度糠醇树脂改性处理竹束的颜色和增重率,比较不同质量浓度糠醇改性重组竹材的吸水率、吸水厚度膨胀率、弹性模量、静曲强度、热稳定性、防霉性能和微观结构,检测了糠醇树脂在竹材样品中的显微分布,系统研究了糠醇树脂质量浓度对重组竹物理力学性能、热性能和防霉性能的影响规律。【结果】糠醇树脂改性处理使竹材颜色明显加深,尺寸稳定性、热稳定性和防霉性能显著提高,与对照材相比,改性竹材的色差可提高30.92%,吸水率可降低41.03%,吸水厚度膨胀率可降低46.34%,热失重率可降低75.38%,防霉等级可提高3个等级;糠醇树脂改性处理对重组竹的弹性模量影响不显著,但使其静曲强度最大可降低20.21%;随着糠醇树脂质量浓度的增加,改性竹材的颜色、尺寸稳定性、热稳定性、防霉性能均呈显著增加趋势,其静曲强度呈逐渐降低趋势。【结论】糠醇树脂改性重组竹具有优异的物理力学性能和防霉性能,20%糠醇树脂改性重组竹对霉菌的防治效力达到100%,可广泛应用于室外竹制品的制造。 相似文献
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【目的】为了克服竹材易霉变的缺陷,采用水性杀菌剂对竹材进行热浴改性处理,揭示了改性处理对竹材防霉及胶合性能的影响规律,为研发竹材高效防霉技术提供科学依据。【方法】采用水性异噻唑啉酮衍生物复合杀菌剂（MBI）、异噻唑啉酮衍生物与氨基甲酸酯衍生物复合杀菌剂（DIB）、硼砂硼酸混合物（BB）溶液对竹片进行热浴改性处理,系统研究了改性处理条件对竹材吸液率、失重率、淀粉含量、接触角、竹材防霉和胶合性能、有机杀菌剂循环热浴稳定性的影响规律。【结果】相较于25℃浸泡处理,杀菌剂热浴改性提升了竹材的吸液率、失重率、淀粉脱除率及防霉性能,且有机杀菌剂的防霉效率高于无机杀菌剂,其中DIB与MBI热浴处理竹材对黑曲霉与混合菌（桔青霉和绿色木霉）的防治效力均可达到100%。经杀菌剂热浴处理后,MBI和BB改性处理竹材的表面润湿性降低,胶合性能提升,DIB改性处理竹材的表面润湿性提升,胶合性能基本保持不变,表明杀菌剂热浴改性处理对竹材表面润湿性和胶合性能的影响与杀菌剂的种类相关。经过10次循环热浴处理后,DIB、MBI处理液的抑菌活性下降幅度均不超过30%,表明水性有机杀菌剂的热浴稳定性高。【结论】杀菌剂热浴改... 相似文献
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实验对竹束进行漂白和热处理,制备重组竹材,并进行了竹材化学组成、重组竹材物理力学性能和防腐防霉性能的系统研究。结果表明,漂白或热处理均可有效去除竹材中的粗蛋白,去除率分别达43.7%和39.6%;漂白或热处理后,竹材的酸不溶木质素含量增加,综纤维素含量降低。漂白或热处理不会影响重组竹材的物理力学性能,其中顺纹静曲强度和顺纹弹性模量两项指标有所提高。竹材防霉性能较差,但具有天然的耐腐性能,达Ⅱ级耐腐。漂白或热处理均不能改善竹材防霉性能,但可提高其防腐性能,其中竹束热处理后制备的重组竹材可达到Ⅰ级强耐腐。 相似文献
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基于桐油热处理的竹材理化性质研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
寻求绿色、可持续发展的改性方法来生产耐用竹材制品,是目前竹产业面临的挑战。本文将桐油热处理技术应用于竹材改性,探讨了桐油热处理过程中桐油在竹材中的渗透行为和分布,研究了桐油与热处理的协同作用对竹材化学性质、物理性质、力学性质的影响以及相互作用机制。结果表明,桐油热处理不仅可以增强竹材的疏水性能和尺寸稳定性,改善竹材的防霉性能,而且竹材可以保持其良好的力学性能。与未处理竹材相比,200℃桐油热处理后竹材的饱水膨胀率从3.17%下降至2.42%,200℃桐油热处理后竹材径切面的接触角在300 s时仍可保持在100°以上。桐油热处理后竹材性能的改善归因于竹材化学成分的变化、纤维结晶度的增加、竹材外表面和细胞腔内表面油膜的形成。因此,桐油热处技术在竹材工业改性中具有良好的发展前景。 相似文献
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为增强竹材的防霉性能,以毛竹作为研究材料,先对竹材进行超声预处理,制备了抗菌石蜡乳液对竹材进行浸渍改性处理,并对改性后竹材的含水率、吸水率、防水效率和防霉性能进行了测试。选用天然植物中的2-羟基-1,4萘醌作为防霉剂,选用司班80(Span80)和吐温80(Tween80)作为58号食品级石蜡的复配乳化剂,考虑了亲水亲油平衡(HLB)值对石蜡乳化的影响,制得稳定的抗菌石蜡乳液。利用抗菌石蜡乳液对超声处理后的竹片进行浸渍处理,采用L9(33)正交试验设计,以石蜡乳液固含量、干燥温度和干燥时间为因子,以含水率和浸泡768 h后的防水效率为测试指标。结果表明,当Span80和Tween80的质量比为2∶3、HLB值为10.72时,石蜡乳液的稳定性最好。对改性后竹材含水率的影响从大到小依次是石蜡乳液固含量、干燥温度、干燥时间。当石蜡乳液固含量为5%、干燥温度为70℃、干燥时间为1.5 h时,试件含水率最低为4.11%。浸泡768 h后对竹材防水效率影响从大到小依次是干燥温度、石蜡乳液固含量、干燥时间;当石蜡乳液固含量为15%、干燥温度为40℃、干燥时间为1.5 h时,试件防水效率最高为32.15%。超声处理并不能有效阻止竹材的霉变,超声联合抗菌石蜡乳液改性后的竹材防霉性能有明显提高,改性竹材在28 d霉变试验后表面无菌丝、霉点。 相似文献
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以平衡含水率(EMC)和线性湿涨系数(LSC)为评价指标,研究了不同质量增加率(WPG)的糠醇改性对橡胶木吸湿尺寸稳定性的影响,并从尺寸稳定性角度探讨糠醇改性的临界WPG;还分析了糠醇改性对抗弯强度(MOR)和抗弯弹性模量(MOE)的影响,并探讨了减量平衡含水率(EMCR)衡量浸渍改性材吸湿性的可行性.结果表明:糠醇化可以显著降低橡胶木的EMC和LSC,EMC受WPG的影响明显,LSC随着WPG的增加而显著下降,基于LSC和胞壁充涨系数推导的临界WPG两者之间存在较大误差;改性材的MOE随WPG提高而增加,增幅约在30％ ～40％,但MOR却略有下降;与基于浸渍材绝干质量的EMC相比,基于浸渍前绝干质量的EMCR能更客观地评价浸渍改性后木材的吸湿能力,可用于吸湿性的研究中,但鉴于用户和第三方检测不方便,不推荐其作为改性产品的评价指标. 相似文献
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以竹子开条、开片或拉丝加工过程产生的长条状剩余物为研究对象,采用低温碱液润胀、苄化处理试验,系统研究了预处理及苄化反应条件对竹材增重率(苄化率)的影响;并借助FTIR、X-射线、SEM、DSC等现代分析手段研究分析了苄化竹材的微观结构、化学结构特征及热熔特征的变化规律。试验结果表明:碱液润胀工艺对竹材苄化增重率的影响最大,苄化试剂用量与反应时间对竹材苄化也有不同程度的作用。在试验范围内较佳的工艺条件为:碱液浓度22.5%、润胀时间10 h、苄化试剂用量50 mL、反应时间1 h。苄化增重率不同,苄化竹材的玻璃化转变温度有显著差异。将苄化增重率45%～50%的变性竹材按同纤维方向重组,可在温度为140℃、单位压力2.0MPa的条件下热压熔接成板。 相似文献
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Malte Pries Roland Wagner Karl-Heinz Kaesler Holger Militz Carsten Mai 《Wood Science and Technology》2013,47(4):685-699
Scots pine sapwood was acetylated with ethyltriacetoxysilane using acetic acid as a solvent and sulfuric acid as a catalyst. A weight percent gain (WPG) of 14 % and cell wall bulking of 7 % were obtained after 5 h of reaction time. Pine specimens were acetylated with acetic anhydride in the presence of 1 % ethyltriacetoxysilane, dihydroxy-functional siloxane, acetoxy-functional siloxane, amino-functional siloxane and non-functional siloxane, respectively. Acetoxy-functional siloxane induced the greatest reduction in water uptake with a water repellent effectiveness after 24 h of up to 62 % as compared to acetylated wood. WPG and cell wall bulking increased compared to solely acetylated wood with increasing concentrations of acetoxy-functional siloxane in acetic anhydride; anti-shrink efficiency, however, did not increase. Fungal resistance of pine sapwood and beech as well as mechanical strength properties did not change when 20 % acetoxy-functional siloxane was added to acetic anhydride compared to solely acetylated specimens. 相似文献
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Wendi Liu Tingting Chen Xiaoyun Wen Renhui Qiu Xincong Zhang 《Wood Science and Technology》2014,48(6):1241-1255
Bamboo fibers were mechanically extracted from raw green bamboos by crushing, rolling, and combing techniques with 1,4-butanediol as a solvent. The morphology of the bamboo fibers thus obtained was analyzed. The bamboo fibers were treated with isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM) in the presence of dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst, to improve the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and unsaturated polyester (UPE) resins. The bamboo fibers reinforced UPE composites were prepared by hand lay-up compression molding. FTIR, XPS, and NMR analyses indicated that the IEM was covalently bonded onto the bamboo fibers via carbamate linkages. The IEM treatments significantly increased the tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and water resistance of the resulting composites and yet decreased the impact strength of the composites. The SEM images of the tensile-fractured surfaces of the IEM-treated bamboo fibers–UPE composites revealed that the fiber treatments markedly improved the interfacial adhesion between the bamboo fibers and UPE resins. 相似文献
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Furfuryl alcohol has a sufficiently small molecular size, which allows impregnation into wood and can be polymerized in the cell walls. Polymerization can be accomplished using a catalyst, heat or penetrating radiation. This research illustrates a natural wood polymer composite (NWPC) that was obtained under the catalytic effect of borates. Furfuryl alcohol (FA) and borates were mixed at different ratios before treatment. When borates alone are used, they were totally leached from wood after cyclic leaching periods. However, this was not encountered with the mixture of furfuryl alcohol and borates. Furfuryl alcohol considerably improved antiswelling efficiency by about 85% for both Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica) and Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) wood specimens. Results of the leaching tests of borate indicated that boric acid readily lost its boron content in the early cycles of the leaching periods and the highest leaching rate of boron was observed at the first leaching cycle (512 ppm). When furfuryl alcohol mixed with borates, boron was released to the leaching water at slower amounts, suggesting the possibility of longer protection of treated wood in service. 相似文献
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Preparation of acetylated wood meal and polypropylene composites II: mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the composites 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Acetylated wood meals of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D.Don) wood were prepared by mechanochemical processing using a high-speed vibration rod mill. Weight percent gain (WPG) of the acetylated wood meals ranged from 7.0 to 35.5 %. Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) containing 50 % acetylated woods were produced by an injection molding technique. The polymer matrix used was polypropylene homopolymer. Maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was also used as a compatibilizing agent. The mechanical properties of WPCs in bending and tensile tests were independent of WPG of acetylated wood meals, and the test values for WPCs containing acetylated wood meals were lower than that of unmodified wood meal. The use of MAPP increased bending and tensile strength, but no effect on bending modulus was found. An increase in WPG significantly decreased water absorbability and thickness swelling of WPCs as measured by dimensional stability tests. These results demonstrated that mechanochemical processing is a promising technique for preparing WPC material with improved dimensional stability. The future challenge is to inhibit the decreases in mechanical properties of WPCs containing acetylated wood meals. 相似文献
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从玉米芯中提取的木聚糖用于改性竹材,提高竹材的尺寸稳定性;然后以新鲜荷叶和聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）为模板,在改性的竹材表面利用软印刷法制备类荷叶竹材表面。采用抗胀（缩）率（ASE）,阻湿率（MEE）,增重率（WPG）和增容率（B）对竹材的尺寸稳定性进行了测试,并通过水接触角（WCA）、扫描电镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）分析了类荷叶竹表面的超疏水性能和微观结构。研究发现,随着木聚糖含量的增加,改性后竹材的抗溶胀性和WPG相应增加,木聚糖对材竹的增容效果更好。木聚糖在一定程度上改善了竹子的尺寸稳定性。此外,木聚糖处理改性后的类荷叶竹各向异性和超疏水性得到显著改善。本研究为竹材尺寸稳定性及竹材疏水性改良机理的研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Optimum preparation technology for Chinese fir wood/Ca-montmorillonite （Ca-MMT） composite board 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
XUE Feng-lian ZHAO Guang-jie 《中国林学(英文版)》2008,10(3):199-204
For this study, an intercalation compounding method was used to prepare Chinese fir wood/Ca-montmorillonite （Ca-MMT） composite board to improve its properties such as surface mechanical properties, flame retardance and dimensional stability. By virtue of water-soluble phenolic resin （PF）, Chinese fir wood and Ca-MMT were mixed by pressure and vacuum impregnation. The optimum impregnation technology of Chinese fir wood/Ca-MMT composite board was obtained by using an orthogonal design and a single factor design of pressure and vacuum impregnation, using weight percent gain （WPG） as the basic index. The results are as follows： 1） On the basis of the orthogonal design and an actual experiment, the optimum preparation technology of Chinese fir wood/Ca-MMT composite board is 20% PF resin dispersion concentration （wt%）, 1.0 CEC amount of organic intercalation agent, 0.098 MPa vacuum degree, 5% concentration of Ca-MMT and 1.0 MPa pressure. 2） The WPG of the composite board samples of 450 mm length was much larger than that of the samples of 600, 750 and 900 mm length. Warm water extraction contributed little to WPG 相似文献