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1.
In this study a case of congenital infection in a clinically healthy calf is reported. The mother showed high antibody levels (IFAT) at 230 days of gestation (IgG titres > or = 1:1600, IgM titres > or = 1:320) and the parasite was isolated from placental cotyledonary villi at calving. The IgM values are indicative of a recent infection in the third trimester of gestation. The calf was monitored serologically for IgM and IgG from birth until slaughtering, at 8 months of age. IgM titre showed a peak at birth, while IgG peak was observed at 40-60 days of age. Parasitic isolation was obtained by biological tests using Swiss mice or VERO cell cultures inoculated with brain and spinal cord tissues. The parasitic presence in the calf was also evidenced in the myocardium with immunohistochemical method. The results are very important because they demonstrate that the period of gestation in which the cow becomes infected is an important factor in the pathogenesis of N. caninum induced abortion: in fact, the acquisition of infection in the third trimester of gestation allowed the foetus to develop a sufficient grade of immunocompetency to limit parasite multiplication with the result of a calf born clinically healthy.  相似文献   

2.
In this study a case of congenital infection in a clinically healthy calf is reported. The mother showed high antibody levels (IFAT) at 230 days of gestation (IgG titres 1:1600, IgM titres 1:320) and the parasite was isolated from placental cotyledonary villi at calving. The IgM values are indicative of a recent infection in the third trimester of gestation. The calf was monitored serologically for IgM and IgG from birth until slaughtering, at 8 months of age. IgM titre showed a peak at birth, while IgG peak was observed at 40–60 days of age. Parasitic isolation was obtained by biological tests using Swiss mice or VERO cell cultures inoculated with brain and spinal cord tissues. The parasitic presence in the calf was also evidenced in the myocardium with immunohistochemical method. The results are very important because they demonstrate that the period of gestation in which the cow becomes infected is an important factor in the pathogenesis of N. caninum induced abortion: in fact, the acquisition of infection in the third trimester of gestation allowed the foetus to develop a sufficient grade of immunocompetency to limit parasite multiplication with the result of a calf born clinically healthy.  相似文献   

3.
Samples of urine and serum from 45 newborn rottweiler puppies from six litters, and milk from their mothers, were taken 24, 48 and 72 hours and seven and 14 days after birth. Urine total protein and creatinine concentrations were determined and the ratios calculated. The immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations of IgG, IgM and IgA in urine, serum and milk were determined with a commercially available elisa kit. The concentration of total protein in urine decreased from 1.64 to 0.29 mg/ml, and it and the ratio of total protein to creatinine in the urine of the neonatal puppies exceeded the normal values for adult dogs, but all the puppies developed normally. The average concentration of IgG in urine decreased from 0.0035 to 0.0003 mg/ml, that of IgA from 0.0035 to 0.0002 mg/ml and that of IgM from 0.0006 mg/ml to undetectable levels after two weeks. After two weeks, 47 per cent of the puppies had measurable levels of IgA and 70.6 per cent had measurable levels of IgG, but none of them had measurable levels of IgM.  相似文献   

4.
The aim of the study was the determination of IgA, IgM and IgG concentrations in porcine serum and colostrum, in order to evaluate their variations in the perinatal period, as well as to clarify whether there is a correlation between colostrum intake, initial level of immunoglobulins (Ig) in piglet serum and development of their own immunity. The mean IgA, IgM and IgG concentrations in sow serum 10 days before parturition were 1.58, 6.12 and 39.56 mg/ml, respectively. Seven days later only the IgG level was insignificantly lower (34.94 mg/ml, p = 0.55), while concentrations of IgA and IgM increased to 2.25 and 7.25 mg/ml, respectively (p = 0.23 and 0.62, respectively). The mean initial IgG concentration in colostrum at farrowing was 118.5 mg/ml and differed between sows. The average value of IgA in colostrum at birth was 23.8 mg/ml and decreased to 7.85 mg/ml at 6 hours (h) and to 4.59 mg/ml at 24 h after the onset of farrowing. IgM concentration at birth was 12.1 mg/ml and decreased to 4.23 mg/ml at 24 h postpartum. Positive relationships were found between concentrations of IgM and IgA in serum of piglets at 14 and 56 days of life (r = 0.41 and 0.80, respectively, p < or = 0.05) as well as for IgG concentration in the piglets serum at 7 days and 56 days of age (r = 0.48, p < or = 0.05). The above observations suggest that there is a correlation between the level of Ig in piglet serum in the first days of life and improvement of their own immunity.  相似文献   

5.
Colostrum samples were collected from 8 Murrah buffaloes on days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 after calving. Levels of IgG averaged 54.0 mg/ml at calving, then decreased significantly (P < 0.01). IgA and IgM on day 1 were 3.22 mg/ml and 5.22 mg/ml, respectively; both decreased during the first five days after calving. Values of IgA and IgM were higher than those reported in cows. SCC values, which were high at calving (500 000 per ml), reduced significantly (P < 0.01) on day 2, then decreased slightly until day 5 (180 000 per ml). At calving, macrophages were the most prominent cells in buffalo colostrum, followed by lymphocytes and neutrophils. Phagocytic activity was 23% at calving and reduced significantly (P < 0.01) to 14% on day 5. Phagocytic index was highest in the first colostrum, and then decreased non-significantly.  相似文献   

6.
The relationship of serum cortisol to immunoglobulin absorption and gut closure in cesarean-derived neonatal lambs was evaluated in two trials. In trial 1, 21 lambs were obtained on d 136 to 138 of gestation, and in trial 2, 17 lambs were obtained on d 140 to 142 of gestation. At birth, lambs were assigned randomly to four treatments: 1) control (CO), 1 ml saline/kg BW every 4 h; 2) a drug to lower cortisol (LC), 5 mg metyrapone/kg BW every 4 h; 3) single-peak cortisol (SP), 10 IU ACTH/kg BW at 0 h; or 4) elevated cortisol (HC), 5 mg cortisol/kg BW every 4 h in trial 1 or 10 IU ACTH/kg BW every 4 h in trial 2. The treatment period was 24 and 48 h after delivery for trial 1 and 2, respectively. Lambs were fed pooled bovine colostrum every 4 h for 48 h after birth at 2 and 3.5% BW for trial 1 and 2, respectively. Compared with CO, HC increased serum cortisol, LC decreased serum cortisol and SP elevated serum cortisol concentrations through at least 8 h for both trials. In trial 1, HC and SP lambs exhibited elevated serum IgG, IgM and IgA concentrations by 20 h compared with CO. However, no difference in serum immunoglobulin concentration was observed at 36 h among CO, HC and SP. Conversely, LC had the lowest immunoglobulin concentration at 36 and 48 h, and precocious closure to immunoglobulin absorption had occurred by 20 h (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

7.
本试验旨在研究母猪饲粮添加β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸(HMB)对母猪繁殖性能及仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响。选取20头3～6胎次、妊娠74 d的"长×大"母猪,随机分成2组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头母猪,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在对照组基础饲粮中添加2 000 mg/kg HMB。试验从母猪妊娠第74天开始,至仔猪21日龄断奶结束。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组仔猪初生个体重显著提高14.1%(P<0.05),仔猪7、21日龄窝重分别显著提高16.6%、11.7%(P<0.05),仔猪初生至7日龄、初生至21日龄窝增重分别显著提高28.3%和12.5%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验组母猪在妊娠第98天和分娩当天血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量分别提高35.3%(P<0.01)、13.0%(P>0.05),免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量分别提高34.7%(P<0.05)、12.6%(P>0.05);与对照组相比,试验组母猪初乳中IgG含量显著提高19.0%(P<0.05),分娩后第14天常乳中IgM含量显著提高21.4%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验组仔猪7日龄血浆IgG、IgM含量分别显著提高11.4%和40.1%(P<0.05)。上述结果提示,母猪妊娠后期及哺乳期饲粮中连续添加2 000 mg/kg HMB,可显著提高仔猪初生重和哺乳期增重,改善母猪及仔猪免疫功能。  相似文献   

8.
Crias, newborn alpacas (Lama pacos), that were almost agammaglobulinemic at birth had a 70% increase in total serum proteins within 24 hours largely because of absorption of gamma globulins from colostrum. Immunoglobulin G was the isotype in highest concentration in colostrum and in serum from 24-hour-old crias. The serum IgG concentration of 10 crias increased linearly (r = 0.97) from a mean of 0.3 mg/ml (+/- 0.1 SD) for serum collected before crias suckled to a maximal mean of 30.1 mg/ml (+/- 8.1 SD) at 24 hours. The 24-hour concentration decreased by half in 10 days. Immunoglobulin M also was absorbed from colostrum and increased linearly (r = 0.99) from a mean of 0.5 mg/ml (+/- 0.1 SD) for serum collected before crias suckled to a maximal mean of 4.2 mg/ml (+/- 2.2 SD) 24 hours after birth. The 24-hour serum concentration of IgM decreased by half in 7 days. Therefore, on a weight basis, 7 times more IgG than IgM was transferred to crias; IgG accounted for greater than 85% of the passively transferred proteins in serum of 24-hour-old crias. Absorption of functional antibodies of IgG and IgM isotypes from colostrum of immunized dams by crias also was demonstrated. Immunoglobulin G and IgM antibody titers to chicken RBC increased linearly to maximal geometric mean titers of 1,139 and 843, respectively, 24 hours after birth. The 24-hour IgG and IgM antibody titers decreased by half in 6 and 3.8 days, respectively. Purified alpaca IgG had a molecular mass of 166 kilodaltons, a predominant gamma mobility, and an extinction coefficient of 14.1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

9.
The sera of 188 lambs from seven breed groups were analyzed for the concentrations of IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgA by radial immunodiffusion using monospecific antibodies. From each lamb, 14 blood samples were drawn before and 5 samples after weaning. The following results were obtained: 1. Immunoglobulins could not be detected in sera drawn before the first intake of colostrum. 2. In normally suckling lambs, the peak concentrations of maternal immunoglobulins are attained at 0-18 hrs after birth. They can be assessed in a single blood sample drawn between 18 and 24 hrs. 3. The half-life times of maternal immunoglobulin in lamb sera are 11 days for IgG1, 7 days for IgG2, 6 days for IgM and 18 hours for IgA. 4. The absolute peak heights relate to the amounts of colostrum ingested before 12-18 hrs after birth. 5. The decline of maternal immunoglobulins in lamb sera over-laps with the onset of lamb immunoglobulin synthesis. Renewed rises of concentrations are observed for IgG2 after week 2, for IgM after week 3 and for IgG1 after week 7. The concentrations of IgA remain at the low levels characteristic for the serum of grown sheep. 6. The role of immunoglobulin synthesis in suckling lambs is only briefly and to a small extent reduced after weaning.  相似文献   

10.
Bovine IgG1, IgG2, IgA, and IgM were measured in the serum and lacteal secretions of six cows from 10 days prepartum to 240 days of lactation. Immunoglobulins in lacteal secretions were expressed in units of concentration (mg/ml) as well as in total daily output. All isotypes were selectively accumulated during colostrum formation. The rate of IgG1 accumulation decreased rapidly after calving; this decrease corresponded to a return to normal serum levels of this immunoglobulin. Selective accumulation of IgA > IgM > IgG1 was maintained throughout lactation, but IgG2 showed no selective accumulation beyond 5 days postpartum. In serum, IgA and IgM levels were elevated at parturition and showed a significant decrease postpartum. Increases in serum IgA levels 60 days postpartum corresponded to a rise in lacteal concentration. The concentration of all immunoglobulins increased during late lactation, coincident with a major reduction in milk yield. Six strains of mastitis-causing organisms were cultured during the period of the experiment; however, none resulted in clinical mastitis or showed an effect on immunoglobulin secretion.  相似文献   

11.
After examination of the clinical state of 128 new-born calves, blood was collected from their vena jugularis for the determination of blood actual pH value, concentration of lactic acid, pCO2, base excess, buffer base and standard acid bicarbonate. The course and difficulty of parturition exerted a significant influence on the vitality of the calves and on the studied parameters of acid-base state. In the normally born calves, compared with those after dystocia, the following values were obtained: pH 7.20 +/- 0.03 : 7.11 +/- 0.07, pCO2 = 8.4 +/- 0.9 : 10.0 +/- 1.1 kPa, base excess -2.30 +/- 2.10 : 5.80 +/- 4.60 mmol/l, buffer base 43.0 +/- 2.4 : 39.5 +/- 6.5 mmol/l, standard acid bicarbonate 22.3 +/- 1.8 : 19.6 +/- 4.1 mmol/l and lactic acid concentration 5.6 +/- 2.0 : 10.7 +/- 5.1 mmol/l. The differences were statistically significant (P less than 0.05) and statistically highly significant (P less than 0.01). The continual study of the blood actual pH value and lactic acid concentration in the calves in the first 24 hours of life showed that with the same trend of changes in calves after dystocia the initial values were less favourable and that their normalization lasted longer. Attention is drawn to the importance of dystocia for the rise of respiratory metabolic acidosis and its effect on the vitality of newborn calves, and/or on their survival. The discussion deals with the importance of immunoglobulin levels in calves in the first days after birth for their further development. The determination of antibody content in colostral serum from the first milking in 33 and 29 cows on two farms showed great drawbacks in quality. A satisfactory level of IgG was found only in 36.36% and 58.62% of the cows, and a satisfactory level of IgM only in 12.12% and 24.13% of the studied cows. The determination of immunoglobulin content in their calves two to three days from birth (33 + 33 animals) showed normoglobulinemia only in 24.24% and 15.15% of cases. In 33 and 29 cows on two farms the colostrum serum from the first milking had an average content of immunoglobulins of class G amounting to 27.99 +/- 20.25 mg/ml and 36.95 +/- 21.62 mg/ml, and class M amounting to 3.64 +/- 1.25 and 2.04 +/- 1.42 mg/ml. Three days from birth, their calves had an IgG content of 4.25 +/- 2.57 mg/ml and 3.99 +/- 1.86 mg/ml and an IgM content of 0.30 +/- 0.20 and 6.38 +/- 0.25 mg/ml.  相似文献   

12.
Absorption of bovine colostral immunoglobulins G and M in newborn foals   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The uptake of colostral IgG and IgM, their serum half-lives, and the rates of endogenous synthesis of IgG and IgM were evaluated in 6 newborn foals fed bovine colostrum (principals) and 6 foals allowed to suckle their dams (controls). The principal foals were fed 400 ml of bovine colostrum (IgG, 10,000 mg/dl and IgM, 200 mg/dl) at 2-hour intervals, from 2 to 20 hours after foaling (total dose, 4 L). Serum IgG and IgM concentrations were determined by single radial immunodiffusion from birth to 98 days of age. At foaling, principal foals had no detectable serum equine IgG, but 1 control foal had serum equine IgG of 185 mg/dl. After ingestion of colostrum, there was no significant difference in the maximal serum bovine IgG concentration (range, 1,350 to 3,300 mg/dl) in the principal foals, and maximal serum equine IgG concentration in the control foals (range, 500 to 6,000 mg/dl). The calculated biological bovine and equine IgG half-life in the principal and control groups was 9.4 and 26 days, respectively. Endogenous IgG synthesis was first detected in 1 principal foal at 3 days of age, but was detected first between 28 and 42 days in the other principal foals. Starting on day 56 there was no significant difference in serum equine IgG concentration between groups. At foaling, foals in both groups had low equine IgM concentrations. In the control foals, there was marked individual variation in the increases in equine IgM concentration (range, 5 to 73 mg/dl) after ingestion of colostrum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

13.
Neutrophil functions and serum IgG in growing foals.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The aim of this study was to investigate the phagocytic and killing capacities as well as expression of CD18 of neutrophils obtained from healthy foals from birth to age 8 months. Blood was taken from 6 Standardbred foals at 7 time-points between ages 2-56 days and thereafter once a month. For comparison, cells from 16 mature horses were evaluated. Neutrophil phagocytosis of yeast cells was assessed by flow cytometry after opsonisation with mature pooled serum, autologous serum or anti-yeast IgG. The killing capacity of the neutrophils, as indicated by the oxidative burst, was monitored by chemiluminescence. Serum IgG concentration was measured by radial immunodiffusion. In addition to clinical examination, the amount of serum amyloid A and the total leucocyte count were used as markers for infection. The phagocytic ability was impaired until age 3 weeks, when autologous serum was used as opsonin. Killing capacity was also low initially but, from 3 months onwards, chemiluminescence values were equal to or higher than in mature horses. Serum IgG decreased from 10 g/l at 2 days to 5 g/l at 2 months and then increased gradually to 10 g/l at the end of the study. These findings may in part explain the increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in young horses.  相似文献   

14.
The rate of appearance, quantity and immunochemical character of serum immunoglobulins which appear normally during the development of fetal sheep and following the injection of antigens at different stages of gestation have been studied. After 70 days' gestation a percentage of normal fetal sheep synthesise IgM. Although the concentration of IgM in the circulation of these animals was very low, the precentage with IgM increased with fetal age. A few late term fetuses were detected which also had IgG1 in their circulation, although none were detected with IgG2 or IgA. Fetuses injected with antigens before 71 days' gestation only synthesised IgM, while fetuses injected after 79 days' gestation synthesised both IgM and IgG1. Neither IgG2 nor IgA were detected by single-radial immunodiffusion analyses during the first 14 days of primary immune responses to a variety of antigens, although trace amounts of IgG2 were detected late in responses occurring in older fetuses. The immunoglobulins synthesised by antigenically stimulated fetal sheep appeared identical to adult sheep 19S IgM, 7S IgG1 and 7S IgG2 respectively, when analysed by immunoelectrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and G200 Sephadex column chromatography.  相似文献   

15.
The concentrations of IgG, IgM and IgA in sera collected from 3855 sows (3208 pregnant and 647 lactating) at a single time point were determined. This experimental design allowed changes in serum immunoglobulin over the reproductive cycle to be studied without bias from seasonal influence. The concentrations of the three immunoglobulins changed independently during the reproductive cycle. Serum levels of IgM and IgG began a progressive postpartal decline during the 14th–17th week of gestation. At the onset of lactation serum IgG levels progressively increased while IgM levels continued to decline, the latter reaching their lowest level during the third week of lactation. In contrast to IgM and IgG, serum IgA levels increased 35% during weeks 14–17 of gestation and continued to increase throughout lactation, reaching their highest serum levels in the third week of lactation; the serum IgA concentration at this time was twice that observed during the first 13 weeks of gestation. Results of these studies allowed the reproductive cycle to be classified into four phases on the basis of serum immunoglobulin concentrations: (1) weeks 1–4 of gestation; (2) weeks 5–13 of gestation; (3) weeks 14–17 of gestation and (4) lactation.  相似文献   

16.
Newborn pups from 4 large litters were alloted to 6 groups to determine effect of time and route of administration on absorption of an alternate source of immunoglobulin. Selective absorption of specific classes of immunoglobulins was also investigated. The alternate source of immunoglobulin consisted of pooled serum that was administered either PO or SC. Control groups were either left with the dam (group C1) or fed milk replacer (group C2). Blood samples were collected from pups at birth and 24 hours. Immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM) concentrations were determined by use of radial immunodiffusion on samples of pooled serum, colostrum, and pups' serum (birth and 24 hours). Serum IgA concentration was less than the sensitivity of the procedure and was not included in the statistical analysis. Pups fed 8 ml of pooled serum at birth and 12 hours later (group T1) absorbed more (P less than 0.05) IgG and IgM than did group-C2 pups, but less (P less than 0.05) than did group-C1 pups. Pups fed 8 ml of pooled serum at 12 hours only had significant (P less than 0.05) increase of IgG concentration, but no absorption of IgM (P greater than 0.05) at 24 hours, compared with control pups (group C2). Pups administered 8 ml of pooled serum SC at birth (group SC1) had similar (P greater than 0.05) absorption of IgG and higher (P less than 0.05) absorption of IgM than did pups of group T1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

17.
Studies were made of the immunoglobulin (Ig) in serums from umbilical cord of newborn pigs and maternal placenta. The neutralization test for porcine parvovirus and Japanese encephalitis virus was carried out with the serum of the sow and that of the umbilical cord of the newborn pig. Comparative studies of the serums from the dam and the umbilical cord were also done with gel filtration. Of 20 umbilical cord serum samples, IgG was seen in 5 samples (25%), IgA in 1 sample (5%), and IgM in 9 samples (45%). The amount of any 1 of the 3 classes of Ig in the serums was between 13.5 and 28.0 mg/dl. Among the samples examined, 1 had both IgG and IgA and 1 had IgG and IgM, but none had both IgA and IgM and none had 3 classes of immunoglobulins (i.e., IgG, IgA, and IgM). Only 7 samples (35%) did not have any class of Ig. The IgG disappeared from the blood of hysterectomy-produced colostrum-deprived pigs at 3 days of age, and IgM disappeared when pigs were 7 days of age. Neutralization antibodies of porcine parvovirus and Japanese encephalitis virus in maternal serum were not transferred to the fetus through the placenta. Results of immunohistologic surveys indicated that the sow's Ig were not transferred to the fetus through the placenta. Therefore, it is believed that the Ig in the porcine fetus might be synthesized in certain cells in the placental tissue, and the degree of production of the Ig in the placental tissues may differ in each case. The component, which seems to be Ig, was observed as the obscure band of the beta- to gamma-globulin area in serum of the umbilical cord. Comparison was made, with gel filtration, of maternal serum and serum from the umbilical cord of the newborn pig originating from the same sow. Seemingly, the IgG in the umbilical cord serum is mainly in the lower molecular weight fraction, whereas IgG in the sow's serum was distributed in the high to low molecular weight fractions.  相似文献   

18.
Immunoglobulin values were determined in fetal and kitten sera. In the fetal and precolostral kitten sera, only IgG was detected, except in 1 case in which IgM was detected. The IgG, IgA, and IgM were transferred to the kittens through colostrum ingestion with some selectivity. Concentration of the transferred IgG, IgA, and IgM decreased significantly with half-lives of 4.15 +/- 1.29 days, 2.03 +/- 0.33 days, and 2.2 +/- 1.2 days, respectively. As a result of this decrease and increase of de novo immunoglobulin synthesis, IgG, IgA, and IgM were at their lowest values when kittens were 20 to 25 days, 14 to 20 days, and 8 to 10 days old, respectively. After their nadir was reached, IgG values increased gradually, IgA slowly, and IgM rapidly, as a result of de novo immunoglobulin synthesis. When the kittens were 90 days old, their immunoglobulin values were 80% (IgG), 7% (IgA), and 100% (IgM), compared with those of adult cats. These findings suggest that kittens that receive inadequate colostrum from their mothers will be particularly susceptible to infection after they are 5 weeks old.  相似文献   

19.
A quantitative investigation of equine tear and aqueous humor immunoglobulins was done using normal horses and ponies as well as horses and ponies infected with Onchocerca cervicalis. The equine immunoglobulin isotypes IgGa, IgM, IgA and IgG(T) were quantitated by either single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) or radioimmunoassay (RIA). Tear immunoglobulin levels for IgGa (128 +/- 151 micrograms/ml), IgA (1,664 +/- 1,038 micrograms/ml) and IgM (106 +/- 74 micrograms/ml) were measured, while IgG(T) was not detectable. In horses with ocular inflammation the IgGa was 18-fold higher in the tears, 2,269 +/- 3,077 micrograms/ml. Aqueous humor obtained by paracentesis of the normal equine eye under anaesthesia, resulted in values for IgGa (45.2 +/- 20.0 micrograms/ml), IgG(T) (5.2 +/- 2.0 micrograms/ml), IgM (1.3 +/- 4.8 micrograms/ml) and IgA (0.8 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml). A pooled sample of normal aqueous fluid obtained from over 100 horses at an equine abbatoir in Indiana gave values of 1,150 micrograms/ml for IgGa, 65 micrograms/ml for IgG(T), 2.5 micrograms/ml for IgA and 3.0 micrograms/ml for IgM. In animals infected with 0. cervicalis and treated with Diethylcarbamazine (DEC), there was a marked elevation of IgGa and IgG(T) in the tears and aqueous humor while IgA and IgG(T) were also elevated slightly in the aqueous. The findings of elevated immunoglobulin isotypes in the aqueous humor may not be related to the DEC treatment and 0. cervicalis infections but rather to repeated paracentesis and the development of acute inflammation of the equine eye as a result of the trauma of paracentesis. The elevations in equine immunoglobulin isotypes in the tears after DEC treatment are not subject to the same caveat. The preferential elevation in IgGa and IgG(T) in the tears precedes the development of corneal opacities observed in the same horses. The concentration of specific antimicrofilarial antibody in these tears remains to be determined but may well account for a major share of the total immunoglobulins detected.  相似文献   

20.
Failure of passive transfer (FPT) of immunoglobulin from colostrum was demonstrated as a major determinant of mortality in newborn alpacas (Lama pacos; crias). Serum IgG concentrations of dying crias were significantly (P less than 0.0001) lower than were serum IgG concentrations of crias that lived. Of 82 crias, 10 (12%) died within 1 month of age, and 7 of these had 0 to 9 mg of IgG/ml of serum at 48 hours after birth; 5 of the 7 had evidence of infectious diseases. The serum IgG concentrations of the remaining dead crias were 12, 13, and 20 mg/ml. On the basis of serum IgG concentrations of crias that died in the first month, FPT was defined as a 48-hour serum IgG concentration less than 9 mg/ml, which was greater than 2 SD below the 48-hour mean of clinically normal crias. Using this definition, the prevalence of FPT in the 82 crias studied was 9%. Corroborative evidence of the relationship between FPT and mortality was obtained from a retrospective study of 21 dead crias. The postmortem serum IgG concentration of 5 crias that died 2 to 10 days after birth ranged from less than 1 to 3 mg/ml; all were greater than 2 SD below the mean of age matched clinically normal crias. The range of serum IgG concentration was 2.2 to 21 mg/ml in 8 crias that died 11 to 20 days after birth; serum IgG concentration in 1 cria was greater than 2 SD below the normal mean, and 6 were greater than 1 SD below the normal mean.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

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