共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
2.
以大型溞(Daphnia magna Straus)为试验生物,在实验室条件下测定了吡虫啉10%悬浮剂,烯啶虫胺10%水剂,噻虫嗪25%水分散粒剂,噻虫胺600g/L悬浮剂4种新烟碱类杀虫剂对大型溞的急性活动抑制,并进行安全性评价。结果表明:噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、噻虫胺和烯啶虫胺对大型溞的急性活动抑制EC50值(48h)分别为2.73×10-2a.i.mg/L、9.98×10-1a.i.mg/L、2.14a.i.mg/L和22.5a.i.mg/L,其毒性分别为剧毒、高毒、中毒和低毒。 相似文献
3.
七种新烟碱类杀虫剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫及蚯蚓的选择毒力 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
为筛选出高效安全的韭蛆防治药剂,室内采用胃毒触杀联合毒力法比较了吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫啉与毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯等6种对照药剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫的毒力,同时用人工土壤法测定了13种药剂对蚯蚓的急性毒性,并通过盆栽试验验证了其对韭蛆和蚯蚓的选择毒力。结果表明,吡虫啉、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊4龄幼虫的毒力明显高于6种对照药剂,对虫酰肼的相对毒力倍数分别为101.6、55.0、32.9、27.2、13.6;13种供试药剂中,除吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫胺、呋虫胺对蚯蚓中等毒性外,其余均为低毒;盆栽试验中,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、毒死蜱、噻唑膦、高效氯氟氰菊酯的防虫效果和保苗效果均分别高于其它药剂,但其中只有噻虫嗪对蚯蚓没有明显致死作用。 相似文献
4.
基于推荐用量分析我国新烟碱类杀虫剂的登记现状 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对目前中国农药信息网上公布登记的吡虫啉、烯啶虫胺、啶虫脒、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、氯噻啉、哌虫啶、环氧虫啶等10种新烟碱类杀虫剂的信息进行了查询,分别从登记剂型、作物、防治靶标等方面对这10种杀虫剂的登记推荐有效成分用量情况进行了统计分析,最后,挑选用量范围最大的3种有效成分,5种作物,5种靶标进行组合,并对可能的18种组合进行了数据分析。结果发现:1)在防治草坪-蛴螬和甘蔗-蔗螟上,吡虫啉的有效成分用量要明显高于噻虫嗪和噻虫胺两种药剂,最高分别为2 100.00和1 500.00 g/hm~2;2)在防治韭菜-韭蛆上,噻虫嗪的有效成分用量要明显高于吡虫啉和噻虫胺,最高为1 732.50 g/hm~2;3)在防治小麦-蚜虫方面,吡虫啉的推荐有效成分用量范围最大(相差120倍),且偏高数值点最多;4)在防治水稻-飞虱上,同样是吡虫啉的偏高数值点最多。为减少农药施用,建议在病虫防治时推荐应用有效成分用量较低的农药类型(包括推荐有效成分用量更低的农药剂型和生物活性更高的农药有效成分)。未来农药登记用量将在农药最低有效剂量研究的基础上,针对不同药剂在不同作物的特定防治靶标提出更加科学、合理的推荐用量,为我国农药的合理减施提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
新烟碱类杀虫剂种子包衣防治麦蚜的可行性评价 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为评价不同新烟碱类杀虫剂处理种子防治小麦蚜虫的应用潜力,采用种子包衣法分别在室内及田间比较了吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、啶虫脒、烯啶虫胺、噻虫啉防治小麦蚜虫的效果及安全性,并测定了吡虫啉和噻虫嗪的持效、对天敌和小麦产量的影响及其在小麦籽粒中的最终残留量。结果表明,在2.4、3.6和4.8 g/kg种子剂量下,啶虫脒明显降低小麦出苗率,而其它药剂均无显著影响;至抽穗前烯啶虫胺、啶虫脒和噻虫啉对麦蚜的防效低,吡虫啉和噻虫嗪则均有较高防效,在58.17%以上,而在小麦抽穗扬花期防效下降,为33.57%~60.46%。吡虫啉和噻虫嗪对叶部麦蚜防效均相应高于穗部。与喷雾处理相比,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪各剂量种子包衣对瓢虫和蚜茧蜂等天敌昆虫影响小,在3.6、4.8 g/kg种子剂量下,小麦千粒重和产量无显著差异,且在小麦籽粒中的残留量低。表明吡虫啉和噻虫嗪种子包衣防治麦蚜的应用潜力大。 相似文献
6.
山东省不同地区棉蚜对新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗药性检测及酶抑制剂的增效作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确山东省棉蚜对新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗性水平,采用毛细管微量点滴法测定了泰安、聊城和东营3个田间种群及1个敏感种群对吡虫啉、烯啶虫胺、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、噻虫啉、噻虫胺6种新烟碱类杀虫剂的敏感性,同时测定了磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)和增效醚(PBO)3种酶抑制剂的增效作用。结果表明:泰安棉蚜种群对烯啶虫胺的抗性倍数为16.95,处于中等抗性水平,对吡虫啉和啶虫脒的抗性倍数分别为5.69和9.57,已产生低水平抗性,对噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和噻虫啉的抗性倍数均小于3.0,仍较敏感;聊城棉蚜种群对吡虫啉、啶虫脒和噻虫嗪的抗性倍数分别为28.51、25.88和18.16,属中等抗性水平,对噻虫啉和噻虫胺的抗性倍数分别为6.01和6.37,已产生低水平抗性,对烯啶虫胺仍处于敏感阶段;东营棉蚜种群对吡虫啉、啶虫脒和噻虫胺的抗性倍数分别为37.95、21.52和12.95,已产生中等水平抗性,对噻虫啉、烯啶虫胺和噻虫嗪的抗性倍数分别为7.07、6.38和4.75,处于低水平抗性阶段。多功能氧化酶抑制剂PBO和羧酸酯酶抑制剂TPP对6种供试新烟碱类杀虫剂的增效作用明显,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶抑制剂DEM对这6种药剂也具有一定的增效作用。研究表明,山东省泰安等3地区棉蚜种群对6种新烟碱类杀虫剂均产生了不同程度的抗药性,多功能氧化酶和羧酸酯酶可能在棉蚜对该类杀虫剂的抗性中起主要作用,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶可能也具有一定的作用。 相似文献
7.
通过6种杀虫剂对苹果黄蚜田间药效试验结果表明:20%丁硫克百威乳油对苹果黄蚜的防治效果最好,其次为5%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂、10%氯噻啉可湿性粉剂、40%毒死蜱乳油、25%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂,2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油效果最差。 相似文献
8.
新疆北疆马铃薯甲虫成虫对新烟碱类杀虫剂的敏感性变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用点滴法于2009和2010年监测了新疆维吾尔自治区北疆马铃薯甲虫Leptinotarsa decemlineata 9个田间种群成虫对新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪和噻虫啉的敏感性变化,发现其对吡虫啉和噻虫嗪的敏感性逐年降低。2009年监测的6个种群中有3个对啶虫脒和噻虫嗪低抗(抗性倍数5.0~10.0);2010年监测的6个种群全部对噻虫嗪产生了抗性,其中中抗(抗性倍数10.1~40.0)和低抗种群各3个。噻虫嗪与高效氯氟氰菊酯可能存在交互抗性。 相似文献
9.
为明确不同药剂对黑尾叶蝉的防治效果,2013年进行了田间药效比较试验。结果表明:烯啶·噻嗪酮70%可溶性粒剂、呋虫胺25%可湿性粉剂、烯啶虫胺60%可湿性粉剂、噻虫嗪25%可溶性粒剂和吡虫啉25%可湿性粉剂等药剂对黑尾叶蝉均具有理想的防治效果,可作为稻田不同时期黑尾叶蝉的防治药剂。其中烯啶·噻嗪酮70%可溶性粒剂对黑尾叶蝉成虫和若虫均具有较好的速效性和持效性,可迅速有效地控制田间虫量,药后1~10d的防效为68.53%~100%。 相似文献
10.
为明确苹果中残留的烯啶虫胺、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、噻虫胺、呋虫胺和啶虫脒6种新烟碱类药剂在不同加工过程中的变化情况,采用高效液相色谱法研究了6种药剂在苹果实验室罐头、果酱、果酒和果醋模拟加工过程中的残留量变化。结果表明:在苹果罐头加工过程中,6种药剂在罐头中残留量与初始浓度相比均显著降低,其中吡虫啉和噻虫胺在罐头中的加工因子较高,均为0.8,啶虫脒在罐头中的加工因子最低,为0.1。罐头汁中烯啶虫胺的加工因子最高,为0.5,其次为啶虫脒和噻虫嗪,均为0.4。在果酱加工过程中,烯啶虫胺、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、噻虫胺、呋虫胺和啶虫脒的加工因子分别为0.8、0.9、0.9、1.0、0.9和0.9。在果酒中除吡虫啉的加工因子为0.1外,其余药剂加工因子均小于0.1。在果醋中除噻虫胺有少量残留(0.05 mg/kg)外,其余药剂均低于检出限。6种新烟碱类药剂在苹果实验室模拟加工过程中,加工因子均小于1,残留降低。 相似文献
11.
七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus和松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura作为多种害虫的天敌昆虫，广泛应用于生物防治中。本研究按标准采用药膜法分别测定了37%联苯·噻虫胺悬浮剂、24%溴虫腈·甲维盐悬浮剂、45%吡虫·虫螨腈悬浮剂和20%甲维盐·茚虫威悬浮剂四种杀虫剂对七星瓢虫2龄幼虫和松毛虫赤眼蜂成蜂的急性接触毒性，并进行了安全性评价。结果表明：37%联苯·噻虫胺悬浮剂、24%溴虫腈·甲维盐悬浮剂、45%吡虫·虫螨腈悬浮剂和20%甲维盐·茚虫威悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的LR50分别为0.0327、6.90、5.00和1.25 g a.i./hm2，其中24%溴虫腈·甲维盐悬浮剂对七星瓢虫为高风险性，其余药剂为极高风险；对赤眼蜂的LR50分别为2.35×10-3、0.0129、6.46×10-3和0.127 g a.i./hm2，均属极高风险。本研究为杀虫剂对七星瓢虫和松毛虫赤眼蜂的负效应影响研究提供一定数据支持。 相似文献
12.
BACKGROUND: Imidacloprid has been a major neonicotinoid insecticide for controlling Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) and other piercing–sucking pests. However, the resistance to imidacloprid has been recorded in many target insects. At the same time, cross‐resistance of imidacloprid and other insecticides, especially neonicotinoid insecticides, has been detected. RESULTS: Results showed that the level of cross‐resistance was different between imidacloprid and tested neonicotinoid insecticides (no cross‐resistance: dinotefuran, thiamethoxam and clothianidin; a 3.68–5.79‐fold cross‐resistance: acetamiprid, nitenpyram and thiacloprid). In the study of sublethal effects, imidacloprid at LC20 doses could suppress weight gain and honeydew excretion, but showed no significant effects on longevity and fecundity of the imidacloprid‐resistant cotton aphid, A. gossypii. However, other neonicotinoid insecticides showed significant adverse effects on biological characteristics (body weight, honeydew excretion, longevity and fecundity) in the order of dinotefuran > thiamethoxam and clothianidin > nitenpyram > thiacloprid and acetamiprid. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that dinotefuran is the most effective insecticide for use against imidacloprid‐resistant A. gossypii. To avoid further resistance development, the use of nitenpyram, acetamiprid and thiacloprid should be avoided on imidacloprid‐resistant populations of A. gossypii. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
13.
Jason B Oliver Michael E Reding Nadeer N Youssef Michael G Klein Bert L Bishop Phil A Lewis 《Pest management science》2009,65(4):381-390
BACKGROUND: Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman, are a quarantine challenge for nursery shipments from infested to non‐infested states. Marathon (imidacloprid) and Discus (imidacloprid + cyfluthrin) are approved preharvest nursery treatments (US Domestic Japanese Beetle Harmonization Plan; DJHP). This study evaluated approved and non‐approved (acephate, carbaryl, clothianidin, dinotefuran, halofenozide, thiamethoxam, trichlorfon) preharvest treatments, optimal rates (labeled 1×, 0.3–0.75× or 2–3×) and optimal timings (June, July, August and September) to control early‐instar (grubs) P. japonica in field nurseries. RESULTS: Most insecticides effectively reduced grub densities, except for acephate, carbaryl and trichlorfon. Clothianidin, thiamethoxam and halofenozide provided grub control equivalent to DJHP standards during most years. Across all test years and timings, percentage grub reductions were: Marathon (1×: 59.2–100; 3×: 78.9–100), Discus (1×: 60.7–100), clothianidin (1×: 96.1–100; 3×: 97.4–100), thiamethoxam (1×: 75.0–100; 3×: 80.0–100), halofenozide (1×: 70.0–100; 3×: 90.0–100) and dinotefuran (1×: 13.2–88.2; 3×: 71.1–93.4). CONCLUSIONS: July application was more consistent and effective than other timings, and higher rates (2× and 3×) did not generally improve grub control. Overall, clothianidin, thiamethoxam and halofenozide (and dinotefuran applied in August) were equivalent to current DJHP standards. These insecticides may be suitable for DJHP Category 2 states, potentially lowering grower costs. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
14.
为了筛选有效防治青菜黄曲条跳甲的药剂,在室内测定了5种杀虫剂对黄曲条跳甲成虫的毒力,并开展了这5种药剂对黄曲条跳甲的田间药效试验。毒力测定结果表明,10%啶虫脒WP对黄曲条跳甲的毒力最高,28%杀虫·啶虫脒WP毒力最低,LC50分别为7.20 mg/L和18.63 mg/L,5种药剂的毒力大小依次为:10%啶虫脒WP>42%啶虫·哒螨灵WP>5%鱼藤酮SL>15%哒螨灵EC>28%杀虫·啶虫脒WP。田间药效试验结果表明,42%啶虫·哒螨灵WP和15%哒螨灵EC的防效最优,10%啶虫脒WP、28%杀虫·啶虫脒WP和5%鱼藤酮SL 3种药剂总体防效相当,但低于42%啶虫·哒螨灵WP和15%哒螨灵EC。综合来看,建议使用42%啶虫·哒螨灵WP 126~189 g/hm2、15%哒螨灵EC 90~135 g/hm2、28%杀虫·啶虫脒WP 294~420 g/hm2、10%啶虫脒WP 60~90 g/hm2、5%鱼藤酮SL 150~225 g/hm2对青菜黄曲条跳甲进行防治。 相似文献
15.
为明确避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马种类?发生动态及常用杀虫剂对葡萄上优势种蓟马的毒力, 本研究采集鉴定了避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马成虫1 882头, 选用黄色和蓝色2种粘虫板监测了葡萄以及两种诱集植物黄金菊Euryops pectinatus和蓝花鼠尾草Salvia farinacea上蓟马发生动态, 并采用菜豆浸渍饲喂法测定了6种常用杀虫剂对葡萄上优势种蓟马棕榈蓟马Thrips palmi?黄蓟马Thrips flavus和西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis的室内毒力?结果表明, 在避雨栽培葡萄上共采集到隶属于2科4属的10种蓟马, 其中棕榈蓟马(35.97%)?黄蓟马(29.22%)和西花蓟马(24.50%)为优势种蓟马?根据四分位法得到避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马发生高峰在8月下旬至9月中下旬, 在发生早期和主要发生期葡萄树上部蓟马发生量显著高于下部?两种诱集植物均对避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马有一定的诱集作用, 且在各个发生期黄金菊的诱集效果显著高于蓝花鼠尾草?6种杀虫剂对棕榈蓟马的毒力作用依次为:啶虫脒>阿维菌素>噻虫嗪>吡虫啉>氟啶虫胺腈>高效氟氯氰菊酯; 对黄蓟马的毒力作用依次为:阿维菌素>啶虫脒>噻虫嗪>吡虫啉>氟啶虫胺腈>高效氟氯氰菊酯; 对西花蓟马的毒力作用依次为:阿维菌素>噻虫嗪>啶虫脒>氟啶虫胺腈>吡虫啉>高效氟氯氰菊酯?上述结果表明, 为害避雨栽培葡萄的蓟马主要为棕榈蓟马?黄蓟马和西花蓟马, 推荐使用啶虫脒?阿维菌素和噻虫嗪进行防治?同时, 可在葡萄园周围种植黄金菊和蓝花鼠尾草作为诱集植物诱集后施药防治? 相似文献
16.
5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜室内毒力及田间防效 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确5种药剂对枸杞棉蚜的适宜施药剂量,开展了室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。结果表明,1%甲维盐EC对枸杞棉蚜的毒力最高,50%噻虫嗪WG毒力最低,24 h LC50分别为2.44 mg/L和1 875.69 mg/L。5种药剂毒力大小依次为甲维盐＞啶虫脒＞吡蚜酮＞呋虫胺＞噻虫嗪。田间试验结果表明,随着施药时间的延长,5种药剂不同剂量处理的虫口数量均显著下降,施药后7 d,各处理对枸杞棉蚜防效分别达94.13%~99.84%,且各剂量处理均对枸杞树安全。5种药剂推荐使用剂量分别为:5%啶虫脒EC 25.0 mg/L以上,30%呋虫胺SC 50.0~100.0 mg/L,50%噻虫嗪WG 100.0~125.0 mg/L,25%吡蚜酮WP 83.3~125.0 mg/L,1%甲维盐EC 5.6~8.3 mg/L。 相似文献
17.
Kayser H Lee C Decock A Baur M Haettenschwiler J Maienfisch P 《Pest management science》2004,60(10):945-958
Neonicotinoids bind selectively to insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with nanomolar affinity to act as potent insecticides. While the members of the neonicotinoid class have many structural features in common, it is not known whether they also share the same mode of binding to the target receptor. Previous competition studies with [3H]imidacloprid, the first commercialised neonicotinoid, indicated that thiamethoxam, representing a novel structural sub-class, may bind in a different way from that of other neonicotinoids. In the present work we analysed the mode of [3H]imidacloprid displacement by established neonicotinoids and newly synthesized analogues in the aphids Myzus persicae Sulzer and Aphis craccivora Koch. We found two classes of neonicotinoids with distinct modes of interference with [3H]imidacloprid, described as direct competitive inhibition and non-competitive inhibition, respectively. Competitive neonicotinoids were acetamiprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, clothianidin and nithiazine, whereas thiamethoxam and the N-methyl analogues of imidacloprid and clothianidin showed non-competitive inhibition. The chloropyridine or chlorothiazole heterocycles, the polar pharmacophore parts, such as nitroimino, cyanoimino and nitromethylene, and the cyclic or acyclic structure of the pharmacophore were not relevant for the mode of inhibition. Consensus structural features of the neonicotinoids were defined for the two mechanisms of interaction with [3H]imidacloprid binding. Furthermore, two sub-classes of non-competitive inhibitors can be discriminated on the basis of their Hill coefficients for imidacloprid displacement. We conclude from the present data that the direct competitors share the binding site with imidacloprid, whereas non-competitive compounds, like thiamethoxam, bind to a different site or in a different mode. 相似文献
18.
Mitchell D Stamm Tiffany M Heng‐Moss Frederick P Baxendale Blair D Siegfried Roch E Gaussoin Daniel D Snow David A Cassada 《Pest management science》2013,69(2):285-291
BACKGROUND: Neonicotinoid insecticides are generally efficacious against many turfgrass pests, including several important phloem‐feeding insects. However, inconsistencies in control of western chinch bugs, Blissus occiduus, have been documented in field efficacy studies. This research investigated the efficacy of three neonicotinoid insecticides (clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) against B. occiduus in buffalograss under field conditions and detected statistically significant differences in B. occiduus numbers among treatments. A subsequent study documented the relative quantity and degradation rate of these insecticides in buffalograss systemic leaf tissues, using HPLC. RESULTS: Neonicotinoid insecticides initially provided significant reductions in B. occiduus numbers, but mortality diminished over the course of the field studies. Furthermore, while all three neonicotinoids were present in the assayed buffalograss leaf tissues, imidacloprid concentrations were significantly higher than those of clothianidin and thiamethoxam. Over the course of the 28 day study, thiamethoxam concentrations declined 700‐fold, whereas imidacloprid and clothianidin declined only 70‐fold and 60‐fold respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Field studies continued to verify inconsistencies in B. occiduus control with neonicotinoid insecticides. This is the first study to document the relative concentrations of topically applied neonicotinoid insecticides in buffalograss systemic leaf tissues. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
19.
烟田6种常用杀虫剂对烟蚜茧蜂影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了评估烟田常用杀虫剂对烟蚜茧蜂的安全性,本文在实验室条件下采用药膜法和浸虫法测定了6种烟田常用杀虫剂对烟蚜茧蜂（Aphidiusgifuensis）的影响。结果表明：吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪对烟蚜茧蜂成蜂有明显的触杀毒力,噻虫嗪和吡虫啉显著降低了烟蚜茧蜂的羽化率,且这3种杀虫剂处理僵蚜后可导致羽化出的成蜂双翅畸形; 而甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、高效氯氟氰菊酯、吡蚜酮对烟蚜茧蜂成蜂和僵蚜均相对安全,处理1 h后成蜂死亡率为0～5.56%,僵蚜羽化率达70%以上。研究结果可为烟蚜综合防治时合理选用杀虫剂提供依据。 相似文献