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1.
小鼠卵母细胞化学去核及手工构建核移植胚胎 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为优化脱羰秋水仙碱（DC）诱导去核程序,研究以DC去核卵母细胞为核受体的、无透明带体细胞核移植方法在小鼠体细胞核移植中的应用,试验比较了乙醇、SrCl2两种激活方法及脱羰秋水仙碱处理开始时间对小鼠MⅡ期卵母细胞去核效率的影响;将DC诱导去核成功的卵母细胞去除透明带,与胎儿成纤维细胞粘合、电融合和SrCl2激活后,体外培养重构胚。结果显示,7%乙醇激活后0 min起始DC处理可得到最高的诱导去核率（66.4%）;而在8 mmol/L SrCl2中激活15 min后用DC处理可得到最高的诱导去核率（64.3%）;目前重构胚可以体外发育到8-细胞。试验结果首次证明了SrCl2在小鼠卵母细胞DC诱导去核中的作用效果与乙醇相当,初步证明了将DC诱导去核技术与无透明带技术相结合手工克隆生产小鼠重构胚的可能性,它的成功将大大简化核移植程序。 相似文献
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为探索简化的核移植程序,本研究分析不同成熟培养时间、去核过程中紫外光照时间、融合电压强度、激活剂种类、不同培养方法对绵羊去透明带卵母细胞核移植的影响。结果表明:卵母细胞成熟培养18～19 h后去除透明带,其极体排出和附着效果最佳。采用1.9 kV/cm直流电压融合去核卵母细胞与颗粒细胞,融合率为88.2%,效果最好。离子霉素对重构胚具有较好的激活效果,卵裂率为82.1%,囊胚率为10.4%;压制WOW(s孔中孔)发育组卵裂率和囊胚发育率与四孔板培养组相比无显著差异,但卵裂率和囊胚发育率并不高;去除透明带的绵羊卵母细胞采用衰减1/4的UV照射10 s辅助去核后,卵裂率为35.6%,但重构胚未能发育至囊胚。结果显示,通过去透明带辅助显微操作去核的方法进行的绵羊体细胞克隆程序较易掌握。 相似文献
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目前,体细胞核移植主要还是沿用Willadsen发明的显微操作的去核、注核、融合和激活来完成。由于其核移植效率较低,且对仪器设备和技术人员的要求较高,因此,简化并建立一套更适合于生产条件下的体细胞核移植程序,从而提高核移植效率一直是人们所不懈努力的。作者就无透明带核移植技术和单个胚胎培养系统作一介绍。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2021,(7)
手工克隆(handmade cloning, HMC)是在传统克隆技术的基础上发展出的一种体细胞核移植技术,作为纯手工操作技术,每一步骤的操作细节都影响着HMC的效率及重构胚胎发育能力。本试验针对HMC生产克隆猪胚胎的3个关键步骤:透明带消化、手工切割去核与无透明带重构胚的体外培养展开研究。结果显示,猪卵母细胞透明带以3.3 mg/mL链酶蛋白酶适度消化(10～15 s),在切割去核时卵母细胞死亡率显著低于透明带的过度(高于15 s)消化,死亡率分别为(3.22±1.08)%和(31.45±2.10)%;当透明带消化时间不足(少于10 s),不能被切割去核的猪卵母细胞显著升高,不可切割率分别为(18.25±4.22)%和(0.57±0.40)%。另外,"铡刀式"操作更适用于手工切割去核,其操作要点对成功获得无核半卵及其胞质含量非常重要。HMC无透明带重构胚体外培养时,孔深约250μm、孔径约300μm的微孔技术(well of wells, WOWs)有利于克隆胚胎发育。本研究优化了HMC操作的关键步骤,为提高生产克隆猪胚胎效率奠定了基础。 相似文献
5.
影响体细胞核移植效率的因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
哺乳动物体细胞核移植 (克隆 )是近年来迅速发展起来的一项新技术 ,对濒危动物保护、优良种畜快速扩群以及核质关系的研究、药物试验等诸多领域都具有重大意义。但体细胞核移植是一项程序繁杂的工作 ,每一步操作所采用的试剂、材料和方案等都会影响到核移植效率 ,因而其影响因素十分众多。文章根据目前已有资料 ,论述了卵母细胞来源、卵母细胞与供体细胞的胞质容量、卵母细胞的去核方案、体细胞供体动物的年龄、供体细胞的组织来源与传代次数及供体细胞的冷藏、冷冻和所处的细胞周期阶段对核移植效率的影响。另外 ,对重组胚的融合 -激活方案、核移植方案及重构胚的培养方案对核移植效率的影响也作了简要论述。 相似文献
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采用成年小鼠的卵丘细胞核、胎儿成纤维细胞作核供体细胞来进行核移植,研究小鼠卵母细胞的去核程序和影响重构胚附植前发育的激活条件;随后将重构胚与供体细胞系共培养后获得囊胚阶段的小鼠重构胚,并将其移植到受体鼠体内后获得了24%克隆胚胎。结果表明,小鼠卵母细胞质能够进行重编程来支持早期的胚胎发育。 相似文献
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本文描述了一种手工平分无透明带卵母细胞的改进核移植方法 ,Hoechst染色挑选胞质体 ,以培养的原代颗粒细胞为体细胞与 2个胞质体进行2次细胞融合。检测微滴、穴中穴 ( WOW)和微管( GO) 3个系统培养的无透明带胚胎 ,胚泡率分别为 0 % ,1 8%和 36% ,方法简单、快速、经济 ,有可能取代现有的体细胞核移植技术而大量应用。影响反刍动物体细胞核移植广泛应用的主要技术障碍是 :1体外法效率低 ;2妊娠和产犊率低 ,出生后死亡及异常发育率高 ;3体外法所需实验室设备费用高 ,技术难度大。显微操作被认为是该工作中不可缺少的。此外 ,工具制作设备… 相似文献
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细胞核移植技术细胞核移植技术 ,根据核供体细胞的不同 ,有胚胎细胞核移植、胚胎干细胞核移植、胎儿成纤维细胞核移植和体细胞核移植。以核移植为核心技术的动物克隆技术 ,其基本技术环节除基本显微操作外 ,主要包括供核的分离、受体细胞的去核、核卵重组、重组胚的融合、核移植胚的培养与移植或重复克隆。供体核的分离胚胎细胞用 0 2 %链霉蛋白酶预处理胚胎 ,去胚胎的胶膜及透明带 ,离出单个卵裂球。目前在胚细胞核分离技术中有两大重要进展 :①胚胎干细胞系建立──胚胎干细胞在发育阶段上类似于内细胞团细胞 ,胚胎干细胞系是早期胚胎经… 相似文献
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小白鼠颗粒细胞核移植技术是指将小白鼠的颗粒细胞,通过显微手术和细胞融合的方法,移植到一个去核卵母细胞中,构成重组胚胎(克隆胚胎),然后移植给受体,获得与核供体基因型相同的后代(克隆动物)的生物技术。目前,在核移植操作过程中还存在着许多问题,影响了核移植的效率。1供体和受体细胞的获取1.1超数排卵超数排卵是核移植中获取供体和受体细胞的关键技术。小白鼠的超数排卵常用孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)和人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)[1]。由于小白鼠的个体差异以及不同的饲养环境,注射激素的剂量有所不同,剂量过大或过小都有可能影响超数排… 相似文献
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本研究在筛选猪化学辅助手工去核最佳脱羰秋水酰碱(Demecolcine,DC)浓度的基础上,探讨了各种因素对手工重构胚发育的影响,以期建立高效的猪手工体细胞核移植技术体系.观察不同成熟时间卵母细胞在不同DC浓度下的去核效率,并进一步比较了化学辅助手工去核法和荧光染色去核法、不同类型的供体细胞(颗粒细胞、新生巴马肌肉成纤维细胞和胎儿成纤维细胞)和供体细胞的不同处理方法(70％～80％汇合、血清饥饿法和100％接触抑制法)对重构胚发育能力的影响.结果表明:(1)利用DC诱导去核,对体外成熟培养44 h的卵母细胞以浓度0.4 μg· mL-1作用0.5～1 h为宜.(2)用DC化学辅助手工去核与用荧光染色去核的重构胚囊胚发育率差异不显著(13.11％ vs 9.25％,P＞0.05).(3)以胎儿成纤维细胞、颗粒细胞和新生巴马小型猪肌肉成纤维细胞为供体构建的重构胚的融合率、卵裂率及囊胚率均差异不显著(P＞0.05).(4)用70％～80％汇合(对照组)组、接触抑制组和血清饥饿组的细胞作供体构建的重构胚,在融合率上,接触抑制组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);在分裂率与囊胚率上,各组之间均无显著差异(P＞0.05).研究结果表明,化学辅助手工去核法在实际生产中可以替代荧光染色去核法,能省去去核过程中荧光染色及紫外光照射去核等步骤,从而简化了猪手工体细胞核移植程序,提高了猪手工体细胞核移植效率,能为高效的猪手工体细胞核移植技术体系的建立提供参考. 相似文献
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Akshey YS Malakar D De AK Jena MK Sahu S Dutta R 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(4):699-704
The present investigation was carried out to find an efficient chemically assisted procedure for enucleation of goat oocytes related to handmade cloning (HMC) technique. After 22-h in vitro maturation, oocytes were incubated with 0.5 μg/ml demecolcine for 2 h. Cumulus cells were removed by pipetting and vortexing in 0.5 mg/ml hyaluronidase, and zona pellucida were digested with pronase. Oocytes with extrusion cones were subjected to oriented bisection. One-third of the cytoplasm with the extrusion cone was removed with a micro blade. The remaining cytoplasts were used as recipients in HMC. Goat foetal fibroblasts were used as nuclear donors. The overall efficiency measured as the number of cytoplasts obtained per total number of oocytes used was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in chemically assisted handmade enucleation (CAHE) than oriented handmade enucleation without demecolcine (OHE) (80.02 ± 1.292% vs. 72.9 ± 1.00%, respectively, mean ± SEM). The reconstructed and activated embryos were cultured in embryo development medium (EDM) for 7 days. Fusion, cleavage and blastocyst development rate were 71.63 ± 1.95%, 92.94 ± 0.91% and 23.78 ± 3.33% (mean ± SEM), respectively which did not differ significantly from those achieved with random handmade enucleation and OHE. In conclusion, chemically assisted enucleation is a highly efficient and reliable enucleation method for goat HMC which eliminates the need of expensive equipment (inverted fluorescence microscope) and potentially harmful chromatin staining and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for cytoplast selection. 相似文献
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J Li K Villemoes Y Zhang Y Du PM Kragh S Purup Q Xue AM Pedersen AL Jørgensen JE Jakobsen L Bolund H Yang G Vajta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(1):122-127
The purpose of our work was to establish an efficient-oriented enucleation method to produce transgenic embryos with handmade cloning (HMC). After 41–42 h oocytes maturation, the oocytes were further cultured with or without 0.4 μg/ml demecolcine for 45 min [chemically assisted handmade enucleation (CAHE) group vs polar body (PB) oriented handmade enucleation (OHE) group respectively]. After removal of the cumulus cells and partial digestion of the zona pellucida, oocytes with visible extrusion cones and/or polar bodies attached to the surface were subjected to oriented bisection. Putative cytoplasts without extrusion cones or PB were selected as recipients. Two cytoplasts were electrofused with one transgenic fibroblasts expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), while non-transgenic fibroblasts were used as controls. Reconstructed embryos were cultured in Well of Wells (WOWs) with porcine zygote medium 3 (PZM-3) after activation. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were registered on day 2 and day 7 of in vitro culture respectively. Meanwhile, the total blastocyst cell number was counted on day 7. We found that the difference was only observed between blastocyst rates (38.6 ± 2% vs 48.1 ± 3%) of cloned embryos with GFP transgenic fibroblast cells after CAHE vs OHE. With adjusted time-lapse for zonae-free cloned embryos cultured in WOWs with PZM-3, it was obvious that in vitro developmental competence after CAHE was compromised when compared with the OHE method. OHE enucleation method seems to be a potential superior alternative method used for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) with transgenic fibroblast cells. 相似文献
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Satoshi AKAGI Kazutsugu MATSUKAWA Seiya TAKAHASHI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(5):329-335
Nuclear transfer is a complex multistep procedure that includes oocyte maturation, cell cycle synchronization of donor
cells, enucleation, cell fusion, oocyte activation and embryo culture. Therefore, many factors are believed to contribute to
the success of embryo development following nuclear transfer. Numerous attempts to improve cloning efficiency have been
conducted since the birth of the first sheep by somatic cell nuclear transfer. However, the efficiency of somatic cell
cloning has remained low, and applications have been limited. In this review, we discuss some of the factors that affect the
developmental ability of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos in cattle. 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2015,(4)
Handmade cloning(HMC) is the most awaited,simple and micromanipulator-free version of somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT).The requirement of expensive micromanipulators and skilled expertise is eliminated in this technique,proving it as a major revolution in the field of embryology.During the past years,many modifications have been incorporated in this technique to boost its efficiency.This alternative approach to micromanipulator based traditional cloning(TC) works wonder in generating comparable or even higher birth rates in addition to declining costs drastically and enabling cryopreservation.This technique is not only applicable to intraspecies nuclear transfer but also to interspecies nuclear transfer(iSCNT) thus permitting conservation of endangered species.It also offers unique possibilities for automation of SCNT which aims at production of transgenic animals that can cure certain human diseases by producing therapeutics hence,providing a healthier future for the wellbeing of humans.The present review aims at highlighting certain aspects of HMC including recent advancements in procedure and factors involved in elevating its efficiency besides covering the potentials and pitfalls of this technique. 相似文献
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Y Li J Liu J Dai F Xing Z Fang T Zhang Z Shi D Zhang X Chen 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(4):608-613
Porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) has been successfully performed, but its efficiency remains quite low. In this study, we improvised on the enucleation method to enhance the development of NT embryos. Initially, an experiment was performed to determine the location relationship between the metaphase plate and the first polar body, where the results showed that the metaphase plate may frequently be displaced during the varying period of maturation process. When the metaphase plates were removed using the ‘blind’ enucleation method, the enucleation rate was affected by the maturation time; however, when the spindle view system was used, an enucleation rate of 100% was achieved. In the next experiment, these two methods were used to construct embryos: the fusion efficiency was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the spindle view system group and the development rates of the reconstructed embryos were significantly higher in the spindle view system group compared with the ‘blind’ enucleation group (p < 0.01). An average of 174 (141–210) cloned embryos from the spindle view system group were transferred into five surrogate pigs and one piglet was delivered at 114 days after embryo transfer by caesarean section. DNA analysis confirmed that the piglet was genetically identical to the male donor pig. We showed that enucleation by the spindle view system is the another new technique compare the handmade cloning method [ Theriogenology 2007: 68 , 1104 ] to promote the development of the reconstructed embryos, and that a full‐term cloned pig could be produced using this method. 相似文献