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1.
The distribution of amino acid, amino sugar, and uronic acid in the epiphyseal cartilage of newborn lambs were examined to determine the influence of manganese (Mn) deficiency. Throughout the gestational period, one group (group I) of eight pregnant ewes was given a ration containing 60 mg of Mn/kg of feed and a second group (group II) of eight ewes was given a ration containing 5 mg of Mn/kg of feed. The neonatal lambs were killed, and the epiphyseal plates from various bones in the thoracic limb were removed and analyzed for glucosamine, galactosamine, uronic acid, and 17 amino acids. Concentrations of uronic acid and of the sulphur amino acids (methionine not significant, P greater than 0.05) were larger in the cartilage from the lambs born of group I ewes (60 mg of Mn/kg of ration) than in the cartilage from those of the Group II ewes (Mn deficiency). A tendency for higher hexosamine values was observed in the organic matrix of the group I lambs than of the group II lambs. However, concentrations of serine, histidine, and lysine were higher in the cartilage from group II lambs (Mn deficiency). Thus, the role of Mn in the prevention of joint abnormalities may be its influence on the mucopolysaccharide and protein composition of the epiphyseal plate.  相似文献   

2.
Placental transmission of IV-administered label from vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was studied in gestating ewes. Radioactivity concentrations were higher in the tissues of ewes dosed with vitamin D3 than in those dosed with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. Concentrations were higher in maternal tissues than in fetal tissues. The highest radioactivity concentrations were found in kidneys, followed by concentrations in the adrenal glands.  相似文献   

3.
Pregnant ewes were chronically exposed to thermoneutral (TN; 20 degrees C, 30% relative humidity) or hot (H; 40 degrees C 9 h/d, 30 degrees C 15 h/d, 40% relative humidity) environments between d 64 and 136 to 141 of pregnancy. They were sampled for blood at 14-d intervals during this period for measurement of plasma metabolites and hormones, then slaughtered and dissected to measure conceptus weights, dimensions and fetal organ weights. Rectal temperatures of H ewes were elevated .3 to 1.0 C degrees above those of TN ewes throughout the experiment. Voluntary feed intakes were not altered by heat exposure except after 120 d of pregnancy, when feed intake was about 25% lower (P less than .10) by H than by TN ewes. Blood 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were not affected by heat, but plasma glucose concentrations were greater in H than in TN animals after 120 d (P less than .05). Placental weight, reduced by 54% (P less than .001) by heat exposure of ewes, was correlated positively with fetal weight and correlated negatively with fetal/placental weight ratio, fetal brain/liver weight ratio and fetal relative heart weight. Late in pregnancy, plasma concentrations of progesterone, cortisol and placental lactogen were reduced (P less than .01) in H ewes, whereas triiodothyronine levels were markedly lower (P less than .03) at all stages of pregnancy. Plasma concentrations of prolactin were elevated dramatically (P less than .01) and a modest increase (P less than .03) in somatotropin levels was recorded in H ewes. These results are consistent with our hypothesis that heat-induced fetal growth retardation is secondary to a primary reduction in placental growth; this could be mediated partly by reduced peripheral activity of thyroid hormones. Heat-induced reductions in secretion of progesterone and ovine placental lactogen more likely were a consequence than a cause of placental stunting.  相似文献   

4.
《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(4):1095-1104
This study aimed to explore whether dietary rumen-protected L-arginine (RP-Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation to feed-restricted pregnant ewes counteracts fetal hepatic inflammation and innate immune dysfunction associated with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in ovine fetuses. On d 35 of pregnancy, twin-bearing Hu ewes (n = 32) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups (8 ewes and 16 fetuses per group) and fed diets containing 100% of the NRC requirements (CON), 50% of the NRC requirements (RES), RES + RP-Arg (20 g/d) (RESA), or RES + NCG (5 g/d) (RESN). At 08:00 on d 110 of gestation, fetal blood and liver tissue samples were collected. The levels of triglyceride, free fatty acid, cholesterol and β-hydroxybutyrate in the fetal blood of RESA and RESN groups were lower (P < 0.05) than those of the RES group, but were higher (P < 0.05) than those of the CON group. The interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 levels in fetal blood and liver tissue as well as the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) mRNA levels in the fetal liver were decreased (P < 0.05) by the NCG or RP-Arg supplementation compared to the RES treatment. Similarly, the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, MyD88, TGFβ, and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein levels in the fetal liver were reduced (P < 0.05) in the NCG and RP-Arg -supplemented groups compared to the RES group. These results showed that dietary supplementation of RP-Arg or NCG to underfed pregnant ewes could protect against IUGR fetal hepatic inflammation via improving lipid metabolism, down-regulating the TLR-4 and the inflammatory JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and decreasing cytokine production in ovine fetal blood and liver tissue.  相似文献   

5.
以绵羊及其胎儿为试验对象，研究了胆酸负荷对妊娠后期母体和胎儿血浆胰岛素样生长因子－2(in-sulin-like growth factor-2,IGF-2）及其代谢物水平的影响。将7只确知妊娠时间的绵羊分为试验组5只和对照组2只，试验前装置颈静脉瘘，在妊娠90h和104d2闪给试验组静脉灌注胆酸盐1．1mg/kg，给对照组静脉灌注等量生理盐水，妊娠120d时手术安装胎儿后肢胫前动脉血管瘘。每天采胎儿和母体的血样，分离血浆，测定血浆IGF－2和主要代谢物水平。同时测定胎儿出生时生长发育指标。结果表明：（1）试验组母羊IGF－2水平低于对照组，相反其胎儿IGF－2水平却高于对照组（P＜0．05）；（2）试验组母羊的总蛋白和乳酸水平分别比对照组35．64％；（3）试验组胎儿出生重比对照组小29．00％，胎龄短7．50d。因此认为，胆酸重复灌注可引起妊娠绵羊早产和胎儿出生重降低，而这可能与IGF－2和主要代谢物水平变化有关。  相似文献   

6.
Sixty ewes, divided randomly into four groups of 15, were immunised subcutaneously against sporidesmin (sdm) -bovine thyroglobulin (BTG) or 2-amino-5-chloro-3,4-dimethoxy benzyl alcohol (ACDMBA) coupled to heat killed staphylococci or to bovine gamma globulin. Fifteen ewes served as untreated controls. Approximately 10 weeks after inoculation ewes were dosed orally with sdm at a rate of 0.1 mg/kg body weight/day for three consecutive days. Sdm antibody binding values.in plasma collected before dosing were higher in ewes immunised with sdm-BTG than ewes given the ACDMBA-complexes. Levels in the 15 untreated ewes were all very low. However, despite the presence of antibodies, the immunised ewes were not protected against sdm challenge; and cholesterol and bilirubin levels in serum and liver and urinary bladder damage scores, at slaughter, were all significantly higher (P<0.05) in the immunised compared to the control ewes six weeks after dosing. It is concluded from these results that subcutaneous immunisation against sdm or the structurally related substance used did not protect sheep against sdm dosing.  相似文献   

7.
Sixty ewes, divided randomly into four groups of 15, were immunised subcutaneously against sporidesmin (sdm) — bovine thyroglobulin (BTG) or 2-amino-5-chIoro-3,4-dimethoxy benzyl alcohol (ACDMBA) coupled to heat killed staphylococci or to bovine gamma globulin. Fifteen ewes served as untreated controls. Approximately 10 weeks after inoculation ewes were dosed orally with sdm at a rate of 0.1 mg/kg body weight/day for three consecutive days. Sdm antibody binding values, in plasma collected before dosing were higher in ewes immunised with sdm-BTG than ewes given the ACDMB A-complexes. Levels in the 15 untreated ewes were all very low. However, despite the presence of antibodies, the immunised ewes were not protected against sdm challenge; and cholesterol and bilirubin levels in serum and liver and urinary bladder damage scores, at slaughter, were all significantly higher (P<0.05) in the immunised compared to the control ewes six weeks after dosing. It is concluded from these results that subcutaneous immunisation against sdm or the structurally related substance used did not protect sheep against sdm dosing.  相似文献   

8.
This study investigated whether a 27-day period of nutrition at half-maintenance during early pregnancy (up to Day 14) could alter maternal endocrine responses. Forty-six ewes were fed all or half of their maintenance requirements and slaughtered on Day 14 of the oestrous cycle or pregnancy. We used real time RT-PCR to study gene expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and leptin in adipose tissue and GHR, GHR1A and of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the liver. Blood profiles of metabolites and metabolic hormones were also determined. Throughout the experiment, underfed animals presented lower body weight and body condition, greater plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and lower plasma concentrations of leptin, compared to adequately fed animals. Undernutrition affected the patterns of gene expression in adipose and hepatic tissues, and the responses differed between pregnant and non-pregnant ewes. In adequately fed ewes, pregnancy up-regulated leptin mRNA expression in adipose tissue, a response that was impaired in underfed ewes. The hepatic expression of IGF-I mRNA was increased by pregnancy in underfed animals while no effect was observed in adequately fed ewes. It remains to be determined whether the changes in the endocrine milieu are paralleled by modifications in uterine gene expression that could alter the environment of the embryo during early pregnancy.  相似文献   

9.
Ruminally cannulated steers (281 +/- 18 kg) were used to evaluate effects of choline on digestion and metabolism. Four steers were implanted with 24 mg of estradiol and 120 mg of trenbolone acetate, and four steers were not implanted. Cattle were assigned to concurrent 4 x 4 Latin squares. Dietary treatments were a 2 x 2 factorial: 0 or 4% tallow (DM basis) in corn-based diets, and 0 or 5 g/d supplemental choline administered abomasally. Blood collected before and 6 h after the initial choline infusion was used to assess acute responses to choline. Digestibility and blood metabolites were measured after adaptation to choline, as well as after an abomasal dose of 100 g of lipid. Digestibilities of dietary DM (P = 0.29) and of dietary total fatty acids (P = 0.42) were not affected by choline. Apparent digestibilities of C18:0 and C18:1 fatty acids were greater (P < 0.05) when diets contained 4% tallow. Digestibilities of fatty acids in the lipid dose were less than those in the diet, and no biologically important differences in fatty acid disappearance resulted from the treatments. No significant acute responses to choline were detected. After adaptation to choline, no important differences in plasma metabolites occurred in response to choline infusion. Plasma urea was less (P < 0.05) for implanted cattle, reflecting increased deposition of protein. Plasma cholesterol was greater (P < 0.05) for steers fed 4% tallow. Changes in plasma triglycerides in response to an abomasal lipid dose were less (P < 0.05) for steers fed 4% tallow, probably due to greater triglyceride concentrations at the time of lipid dosing. In summary, few responses to abomasally infused choline were observed in either digestion or plasma metabolites.  相似文献   

10.
The concentration of ovine placental lactogen (oPL) in maternal plasma varies with litter size and nutritional status, making it difficult to compare these concentrations across studies. In this study, 27 Dorset and Finn-Dorset crossbred ewes with litters of known size and gestational age were used to relate concentrations of oPL in maternal plasma to placental and fetal weights. Fetal oPL concentrations also were correlated to these variables in 12 chronically catheterized singleton fetuses. The concentration of oPL in maternal plasma increased with increasing placental weight across litter sizes ranging from 1 to 3 (r = .716). When expressed per gram of placenta, oPL was greater (P less than .05) in those ewes carrying multiple fetuses. There was no correlation between maternal and fetal oPL in time-matched samples or in average values between individuals for ewes carrying singleton pregnancies. Within the singleton group, placental weight and fetal weight were well correlated (r = .761), as were the concentration of fetal plasma oPL and fetal weight (r = .699). Placental weight plus fetal oPL could explain 81% of the variation seen in fetal weight. These results imply that maternal and fetal oPL release are controlled independently and that fetal oPL affects fetal growth by a mechanism not directly related to placental size.  相似文献   

11.
Macrolides are important antimicrobials frequently used in human and veterinary medicine in the treatment of pregnant women and pregnant livestock. They may be useful for the control of infectious ovine abortion, which has economic, animal health, and human health impacts. In this study, catheters were surgically placed in the fetal vasculature and amnion of pregnant ewes at 115 (±2) days of gestation. Ewes were given a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg tulathromycin subcutaneously, and drug concentrations were determined in fetal plasma, maternal plasma, and amniotic fluid at 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 144, and 288 hr after drug administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters in maternal plasma were estimated using noncompartmental analysis and were similar to those previously reported in nonpregnant ewes. Tulathromycin was present in fetal plasma and amniotic fluid, indicating therapeutic potential for use against organisms in these compartments, though concentrations were lower than those in maternal plasma. Time‐course of drug concentrations in the fetus was quite different than that in the ewe, with plasma concentrations reaching a plateau at 4 hr and remaining at this concentration for the remainder of the sampling period (288 hr), raising questions about how tulathromycin may be transported into or metabolized and eliminated by the fetus.  相似文献   

12.
Objective To compare plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of both maternal and fetal blood, before and after hemorrhage, and replenishment with Oxyglobin Solution (Biopure Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA), hetastarch or whole blood in pregnant ewes. Study design Prospective, randomized study. Animals A total of 17 adult Rambouillet ewes at 131 (128–133) [median (minimum, maximum)] days gestation, weighing 56 (46, 63) kg. Methods Ewes and fetuses were chronically instrumented with catheters in a maternal jugular vein, maternal carotid artery and fetal femoral artery. Twenty milliliters per kilograms of blood were removed from each ewe over 1 hour. The ewes were then given 20 mL kg?1 of either Oxyglobin Solution (n = 5), hetastarch (n = 6), or autologous whole blood (n = 6) IV. Maternal plasma COP was measured before hemorrhage, after hemorrhage, after replenishment, and 1 and 2 hours later. Fetal plasma COP was measured after maternal hemorrhage and 2 hours after maternal volume replenishment. Results Median COP of all ewes before hemorrhage was 20 (16, 24) mm Hg and after hemorrhage (p < 0.05), decreased to 16 (11, 19) mm Hg. After volume replenishment, the COP of the Oxyglobin Solution group was 22 (21, 25) mm Hg, the autologous whole blood group was 17 (16, 22) mm Hg and the hetastarch group was 20 (17, 21) mm Hg. The COP of the Oxyglobin Solution group was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the COP of the hetastarch group immediately and 60 minutes after volume replenishment, and greater (p < 0.05) than that of the autologous whole blood group at 60 minutes after volume replenishment. The COP of all the fetuses after maternal hemorrhage was 16 (12, 19) mm Hg and at 120 minutes after maternal volume replenishment was 15 (11, 18) mm Hg. There were no differences in COP between or within any of the fetal groups. Conclusions When used to treat blood loss, Oxyglobin Solution increases plasma COP more than an equal volume of hetastarch in the first hour following administration. Maternal administration of Oxyglobin Solution did not alter fetal COP. Clinical relevance Oxyglobin Solution is a more potent colloid than hetastarch. Oxyglobin Solution did not appear to translocate fluid from the fetal to maternal circulation.  相似文献   

13.
This study investigated the effects of dietary inclusion of rumen‐protected methionine alone or in combination with rumen‐protected choline and betaine on: (i) milk yield, chemical composition and fatty acids (FA) profile and (ii) blood plasma glutathione transferase (GST) activity of periparturient ewes. Furthermore, the oxidative stress indicators for measuring total antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity [ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays] were also determined in plasma and milk of ewes. Thus, 45 ewes were divided into three equal groups. Each animal of the control group fed daily with a basal diet. The same diet was offered also in each animal of the other two groups. However, the concentrate fed to M group was supplemented with 2.5 g/kg rumen‐protected methionine, while the concentrate fed to MCB group with 5 g/kg of a commercial product which contained a combination of methionine, choline and betaine, all three in rumen‐protected form. The results showed that the M diet, compared with the control, increased significantly the ewe's milk fat and the total solids content. Likewise, a tendency for higher milk fat and total solids content in ewes fed the MCB diet was also observed. Both M and MCB diets had not noticeable impact on ewes milk FA profile. Significantly higher FRAP values in the blood plasma of ewes fed the MCB and in the milk of ewes fed with the M diet compared with the control were found. Additionally, significantly higher GST activity in the blood plasma of ewes fed the M diet, compared with the control, was observed. Moreover, a significant increase (by 20%) and a tendency for increase (by 16.72%) in the growth rate of lambs nursing ewes fed with M and MCB diets, respectively, compared to controls, were found.  相似文献   

14.
Pregnant ewes (d 32 of gestation) were allocated to three treatments and given intraruminal controlled-release devices designed to deliver 0, 20 or 60 mg diammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) per day. Ewes given 20 or 60 mg TTM/d also received an oral drench of 120 or 360 mg TTM twice weekly commencing on d 86 of gestation. Liver and kidney samples were taken from lambs 48 h after birth and from ewes on d 18 postpartum. Trichloroacetic acid soluble Cu, ceruloplasmin and superoxide dismutase activities in the plasma of ewes were decreased (P less than .05) by TTM. Liver Cu concentrations were decreased (P less than .05), but kidney Cu concentrations increased (P less than .05) by 16-fold in ewes given the higher dose of TTM. Liver and kidney Mo concentrations were elevated (P less than .05) 9- and 30-fold, respectively, in ewes given TTM. Plasma glucose concentrations in ewes were decreased (P less than .05) by the highest level of TTM treatment. Lambs of ewes given TTM had a fivefold increase (P less than .05) in liver Mo concentration, but kidney Mo concentration was not affected (P greater than .05) and liver Cu concentration was reduced (P less than .05). In ewes, Mo apparently caused Cu to be mobilized from the liver and a Cu and Mo complex accumulated in the kidney. Some Mo crossed the placenta, but only limited Mo accumulated in the fetal livers. When given to pregnant ewes, TTM reduced liver Cu levels in the lambs but did not affect the concentration of Cu in colostrum.  相似文献   

15.
Campylobacter jejuni was inoculated intravenously into pregnant ewes on gestation days 114 and 123 to reproduce ovine abortion. All ewes aborted 7-12 days post-inoculation. High numbers of C. jejuni were isolated from ewe tissues (caruncle, bile, cecal feces), fetal tissues, and placenta. C. jejuni colonies were identified in caruncles and placenta by light microscopy and immunoperoxidase techniques. Histologically, inoculated ewes had a severe purulent endometritis with vasculitis. Placentas from inoculated ewes and field cases showed necrosis and purulent inflammation; however, placentas from inoculated ewes had large numbers of bacterial colonies compared to few bacteria found in field cases. Histologically, only one fetus from the inoculated ewes showed lesions (purulent bronchopneumonia), whereas all fetuses from field cases had a distinct bronchopneumonia, and one fetus showed multifocal hepatic necrosis. These results suggest that C. jejuni (serotypes Penner 1 and Lior 2) is an important abortifacient organism for sheep.  相似文献   

16.
Four experiments were conducted to obtain information on the manganese (Mn) status of ewes, doe rabbits and dairy cows with cystic ovaries. Manganese was not concentrated specifically in any one tissue or organ but the use of 54Mn has indicated that the isotope was retained by the liver for a longer time. Significantly lower (P less than 0.01) levels of Mn were observed in the liver, kidney and blood of pregnant ewes fed a synthetic diet containing low levels (5 ppm) of Mn than those that were supplemented with 60 ppm Mn. It would appear that the determination of blood Mn concentration would provide a valuable diagnostic tool for the assessment of the Mn status of the pregnant ewe and could be more reliable than data based on tissue (liver, kidney, ovary) levels of Mn. The cortical stroma of dairy cows with cystic ovaries had lower Mn contents than those cows that were without cystic ovaries. The data on blood suggests that cystic ovaries cannot be diagnosed by blood Mn levels if Mn was indeed a contributing factor of the development of this condition. The doe rabbit responded to supplemental dietary Mn in a manner analogous to the ewes.  相似文献   

17.
本试验旨在研究妊娠早期饲粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸（NCG）对母羊胚胎存活及相关血液指标的影响,并对其作用机制进行初步探讨。选择发情正常、健康状况良好的湖羊50只,随机分为2组（对照组和NCG试验组）,每组25只母羊,自配种当天开始给母羊分别饲喂基础饲粮（对照组）和基础饲粮+0.11%NCG（NCG组）,饲喂期38 d。测定妊娠第19和38天母羊血浆游离氨基酸、总一氧化氮合酶（TNOS）、内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、一氧化氮（NO）、雌二醇、孕酮的浓度;38 d时每组各屠宰7只妊娠母羊,测定妊娠母羊的黄体数和活胎儿数等指标。结果显示,与对照组相比,妊娠第38天时,NCG组每只母羊总胎儿数增加了79.72%（P<0.05）,活胎儿数增加了79.72%（P<0.05）,胎儿形成指数增加了0.26（P<0.05）,胎水体积增加了72.89%（P<0.05）,活胎儿总重提高了71.13% （P<0.05）;NCG组妊娠第19天的甘氨酸、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、NO、iNOS、eNOS和孕酮的浓度显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,NCG组妊娠第19天的瓜氨酸和脯氨酸极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）;NCG组妊娠第38天的精氨酸、脯氨酸和NO显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,NCG组妊娠第38天的iNOS和eNOS的浓度极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。由此,妊娠早期饲粮中添加NCG提高了胚胎和胎儿的存活,增加了妊娠母羊第38天的总胎儿数和活胎儿数,改善了母羊的繁殖性能,其作用机制可能是NCG促进了母羊内源性精氨酸的合成,提高了母羊血浆精氨酸、NO和孕酮含量,改善了子宫内环境和营养供给,使之有利于胚胎着床和妊娠维持。  相似文献   

18.
饲粮中锰(Mn)的缺乏与过量对肉仔鸡性能的长期影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
用1日龄AA肉用雏鸡120只(公母各半),分成3组,分别喂以含Mn 16ppm(缺Mn组)的玉米-豆饼型基础饲粮和含Mn 120ppm(对照组)及2840 ppm(Mn过量组)的补Mn饲粮8周。结果表明,与对照组比较,实用饲粮Mn缺乏降低鸡的体增重(P>0.05)和跖骨灰、肝、胰、心、脾、胆汁(P<0.01)及肌肉(P>0.05)中的Mn含量与心组织含Mn超氧化歧化酶(MnSOD)活性(P<0.01),显著提高腿病发生率和心含CuZn超氧化歧化酶(CuZnSOD)活性(P<0.01),单位增重的耗料量(F/G)有增加趋势(P>0.05);Mn过量降低鸡采食量和体增重(P<0.01),提高上述组织和胆汁中的Mn含量(P<0.01),单位增重的耗料量(F/G)也有增加趋势(P>0.05),而对腿病发生率与心MnSOD及CuZnSOD活性无进一步影响(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

19.
AIM: To determine the plasma cortisol response to laparoscopy in ewes and investigate means of reducing it. METHODS: Ewes without lambs at foot (n=40) were subjected to one of three control or one laparoscopy treatments (n=10 ewes/treatment), being: no restraint or drugs; acepromazine maleate (ACP) control and no restraint; ACP and restraint in a cradle for 5 min; and laparoscopy following ACP. Additional ewes with lambs at foot (n=30) were subjected to: laparoscopy following ACP; laparoscopy following ACP and ketoprofen; and laparoscopy following detomidine. Drugs were injected 20 min before treatment, after a first blood sample had been taken. Blood samples were taken by jugular venepuncture from the ewes 20 min before treatment and at 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after treatment, while all ewes were held in a pen. Plasma was harvested and assayed for its concentration of cortisol. RESULTS: Plasma cortisol concentrations (PCC) remained constant in ewes in the control restraint group for 80 min. In ewes given ACP, PCC increased for the first 20 min after treatment but then returned to pre-treatment concentrations. PCC of ewes given ACP and restrained in a cradle were elevated above pre-treatment concentrations for 90 min. PCC in ewes subjected to laparoscopy following sedation with ACP increased to a peak at 40 min and returned to pre-treatment concentrations after 60 (with lambs) or 120 (without lambs) min. When ACP and ketoprofen were given before laparoscopy, PCC peaked at 20 min and returned to pre-treatment concentrations by 40 min. PCC of ewes given detomidine before laparoscopy remained at pre-treatment concentrations throughout. PCC of ewes subjected to laparoscopy with ACP sedation only were greater than those of control restraint, ACP control, and ewes subjected to laparoscopy after being given ketoprofen or detomidine between 20 and 60 min after treatment. PCC of ewes subjected to laparoscopy were greater than those of control ewes placed in a cradle at 20 and 40 min. PCC of ewes given ketoprofen were lower than those of ewes subject to laparoscopy following ACP. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy, even after sedation with ACP, caused some distress in ewes, as evidenced by increased plasma cortisol levels. Plasma cortisol response was alleviated by the administration of ketoprofen and eliminated by detomidine, probably because of both analgesic and sedative effects of the latter drug.  相似文献   

20.
:6只成年考力代妊娠母羊 ,经 2周适应饲养后随机分为两组。在安装颈静脉血管瘘后 ,一组通过颈静脉瘘管灌注胆酸 ( 2mg/kg) ,另一组同步灌注等量的生理盐水。间隔 1 4天灌注 1次 ,直至分娩。在灌注前和灌注后每天定时采取血样 ,测定血浆IGF -1水平 ,研究绵羊围产期血浆IGF -1的动态变化及胆酸负荷对其的影响。结果表明 ,围产期母羊血浆IGF -1正常水平在 572 .1 0± 2 0 7.1 5ng/ml～ 787.1 2±4 2 .33ng/ml之间 ,没有明显的动态变化规律。但分娩后的IGF -1平均水平显著低于分娩前平均值 ,分别是 639.54± 56.37ng/ml和 70 5.2 1± 52 .2 4ng/ml(P <0 .0 5)。胆酸灌注组母羊妊娠后期血浆IGF -1水平平均为 62 5.2 8± 85.56ng/ml,比对照母羊低 (P <0 .0 5)。本研究提示妊娠后期绵羊母体血浆高水平的IGF -1可能与胎儿生长发育有关 ;胆酸负荷可能影响了妊娠母体的肝功能或胎盘的调节作用  相似文献   

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