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以水莲石斛（Dendrobium Hibiki）幼嫩假鳞茎为外植体进行组织培养和快速繁殖研究。结果表明:利用75%乙醇结合0.1% HgCl2,以及适宜程序进行外植体消毒,成功率达92.50%;诱导腋芽的最适培养基为改良MS添加3.0 mg/L 6-BA和0.5 mg/L NAA,腋芽诱导率为91.90%;丛生芽增殖最适培养基为MS培养基添加5.0 mg/L 6-BA和0.5 mg/L NAA,平均增殖系数为2.77;生根壮苗最适培养基为1/2 MS+0.5 mg/L IBA+1.5 g/L活性炭+30 g/L蔗糖+100 g/L土豆泥,生根率100%,生根效果最好;体积比1∶1的植金石与椰壳混合基质适合于移栽,移栽成活率为95.56%。 相似文献
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采用改良DNS等方法筛选出的生长快、糖苷含量高的甜叶菊品系1096为材料,研究了不同外植体、不同激素种类和配比对愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化和生根的影响。结果表明:以茎尖为外植体愈伤组织和不定芽诱导率均最高;其次是带腋芽茎段;再次为叶片。无腋芽茎段和无菌根均能诱导出愈伤组织,但不能诱导成芽。茎尖不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L;叶片不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+IAA 1.0mg/L;带腋芽茎段不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5mg/L。不定芽继代增殖培养采用MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L;在1/4MS+IBA 0.1mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+1g/L活性炭的培养基上诱导生根,生根率可达100%,生根苗移栽后成活率达95%。 相似文献
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本研究以黑毛石斛×鼓槌石斛杂交种蒴果为外植体,通过对种子无菌萌发和原球茎诱导、原球茎增殖及丛生芽诱导、生根壮苗以及移栽驯化研究,建立杂交石斛兰的组培快繁技术体系。结果表明,最适合种子无菌萌发和原球茎诱导的培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L+琼脂6.8 g/L+蔗糖20 g/L+马铃薯50 g/L;原球茎增殖及丛生芽诱导的最佳培养基为1/2 MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+KT 1.0 mg/L+蔗糖25 g/L+琼脂6.8 g/L+碳粉1.0 g/L+马铃薯50 g/L+香蕉50 g/L,继代培养50 d,增殖系数达6.19;最佳生根壮苗培养基为1/2 MS+6-BA 0.2 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+花宝1号0.5 g/L+蔗糖25 g/L+琼脂6.8 g/L+碳粉1.0 g/L+马铃薯50 g/L+香蕉50 g/L,培养2个月后,平均株高达7.14 cm,平均根数6.17条,平均根长6.46 cm,生根率达100%。体积比为单一松树皮和松树皮∶兰石=1∶1适于移栽,移栽65 d成活率分别达到96.32%和96.71%。 相似文献
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《中国糖料》2015,(5)
以甘蔗新品种云蔗05-51腋芽为试验材料,以MS为基本培养基,试验不同植物生长调节剂对云蔗05-51外植体丛芽诱导培养、增殖培养和生根培养的影响。比较3种分化培养基中云蔗05-51分化丛芽和种苗的生势情况,以不同浓度的KT和6-BA组合增殖培养的增殖率和生势情况,不同浓度NAA诱导生根的情况,最终筛选适合云蔗05-51的最佳组培方案。研究结果表明:分化培养基以MS+Dicamba 0.2mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L+KT 0.1mg/L最佳;增殖培养基以MS+Dicamba 0.5mg/L+6-BA 1.0mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L最佳;生根壮苗培养基以1/2MS+NAA 2.0mg/L最佳。利用常规的方法移栽温室及大田移栽成活率高。 相似文献
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蜜糖文心兰的组培快繁技术 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以文心兰盆栽品种‘蜜糖'的侧芽为实验材料,研究基本培养基、激素配比、pH值、蔗糖浓度和添加物等对原球茎增殖的影响,探讨文心兰的生根壮苗与炼苗移栽技术.结果表明:(1)文心兰侧芽茎尖在MS+6-BA 4.0mg/L+NAA 1.0mg,L的培养基上能形成原球茎;培养基的pH值为5.8时较有利于原球茎的增殖;最适宜原球茎增殖的培养基为:MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+10%香蕉泥.(2)原球茎在MS+6-BA 0.6 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg,L+蔗糖30 g/L的培养基上能分化出芽,萌芽率可达83.4%;无根苗在1/2 MS+IAA 0.2 mg/L+10%香蕉泥+蔗糖30 g,L的培养基上能形成完整植株,培养35 d后的生根率为92.5%,且假鳞茎饱满,植株健壮,试管苗移栽在水苔上的成活率可达94.6%. 相似文献
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以OT百合新品种"罗宾娜"(Robina)的种球鳞片为外植体,开展其组培快繁体系的研究。结果表明,鳞片诱导的最适培养基为:MS+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA0.5 mg/L,其诱导率达到95.83%;采用分切再生小鳞茎的鳞片叶来扩大增殖,增殖培养基为MS+6-BA0.5 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L+2,4-D 0.1 mg/L,平均增殖倍数达6.8;生根培养基为MS+6-BA0.5 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L+IAA0.25 mg/L,生根率为96.37%;移栽成活率达97.63%以上。 相似文献
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以盆栽蒲公英的叶柄和叶片为试材,对蒲公英进行组织培养。结果表明：300mg/L的抗坏血酸能够较好地防止褐化,直接诱导再生植株的最佳组合是MS＋0.5mg/L6-BA＋0.1mg/LNAA;诱导愈伤组织和继代的最佳组合是6-BA0.5mg/L＋2,4-D0.5～1.0mg/L;1/2MS＋15g/L蔗糖＋NAA0.1mg/L是诱导生根的理想培养基。 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献