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1.
Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is a disturbance-dependent, fire-resilient, shade-intolerant, clonal species that is in decline throughout western North America. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of intensity and season of browsing on annual height growth of aspen suckers. The goal was to aid development of livestock grazing strategies to restore stands in decline due to excessive livestock browsing. We implemented 33 combinations of intensity and season of browse on aspen suckers in three aspen stands on Eagle Lake Range District, Lassen National Forest, California, USA, during 2003 and 2004. Greatest growth was on suckers with no terminal leader browse and ≤ 25% of biomass removed from branches. Lowest growth occurred when 90% of terminal leader length and 50% of branch biomass was removed. Growth was most negatively affected by browse on terminal leader. Growth was lowest for suckers browsed midseason only and suckers browsed both early and midseason. Occurrence of conifer in the stand overstory significantly reduced sucker growth. Managers should minimize browse on terminal leaders, midseason browse over consecutive years, and repeated browse during a growing season.  相似文献   

2.
科尔沁沙地草甸草场退化的原因与植物多样性变化   总被引：20，自引：13，他引：20  
对科尔沁沙地典型草甸植被主要群落的优势种群在22年间的消长和物种多样性的变化进行了研究,分析了造成草场退化的主要原因。结果表明,科尔沁沙地草甸植被已出现了严重退化现象,物种多样性和均匀度下降,生态优势度上升。牧草产量和质量显著下降,优良牧草数量减少,适口性较差和有毒有害植物增加。造成草甸草场退化的主要原因有气候的暖干化、生境干旱化、土壤盐渍化和过度放牧,其中过度放牧是造成草甸植被退化的直接原因。分析了过度放牧对群落组成、生物量、物种多样性以及对建群种根茎中营养物质含量的影响等。  相似文献   

3.
Aspen is a foundation species that provides vital habitat for hundreds of plant and animal species. However, changing ungulate herbivory regimes may be altering recruitment success and resilience of aspen forests. The objective of this observational study was to quantify the impacts of ungulate herbivory on aspen recruitment potential. We sampled 36 aspen dominant stands on the Fishlake National Forest in Utah for browse of apical meristems, suckering density (< 180 cm in height), and recruitment density (≥ 180 cm). Our analysis indicated that for each 10% of apical meristems browsed, annual vertical and radial growth rates and recruitment density were reduced by 1.2 cm, 0.02 mm, and 17 ha? 1, respectively. In contrast, aspen suckering density increased by 1 230 suckers ha? 1, with each 10% browse of apical meristems. This suggests that ungulates contribute to aspen suckers persisting in the understory for longer periods and may alter recruitment success of aspen stands. Aspen that were under high ungulate browse pressure were associated with lower growth rates and persisted for twice as long in the understory. For example, a 5-yr-old sucker was predicted to be 115 cm without browse of apical meristems and 60 cm with 100% browse of apical meristems. Further, aspens of the same height with 100% browse of apical meristems were nearly 4 yr older on average than aspens with no evidence of browse of apical meristems. Approximately 34% of aspen suckers had persisted in the understory < 100 cm for ≥ 6 yr, and 7% of suckers had persisted in the understory for ≥ 10 yr. Our results suggest that high rates of meristem removal are correlated with increased aspen suckering yet reduced aspen growth and recruitment.  相似文献   

4.
Conifers (Picea and Abies spp.) have replaced aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) over much of aspen’s historic range in the western United States. We measured the impact of this change upon the production of understory vegetation potentially useful as forage for livestock and wildlife on two southern Utah national forests. A negative exponential relationship between conifer cover and understory biomass was demonstrated as log(biomass) = 6.25 − 0.03787(% conifer), adjusted R2 = 0.57. Understory production in aspen stands begins to decline under very low levels (10% to 20%) of conifer encroachment. Management implications include loss of forage production capability and wildlife habitat and potential overstocking of livestock grazing allotments if the associated loss of forage is not considered.  相似文献   

5.
Restoration of non-sprouting shrubs after wildfire is increasingly becoming a management priority. In the western U.S., Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young) restoration is a high priority, but sagebrush establishment from seed is sporadic. In contrast, planting seedlings often successfully restores sagebrush, but is expensive and time consuming. After planting, hence, there is a need to protect the investment from disturbances such as fire that will erase gains in sagebrush recovery. Grazing is likely the only tool that can be applied feasibly across the landscape to decrease wildfire probability, but there are concerns that grazing and associated activities (e.g. trampling) may negatively impact sagebrush seedlings. We investigated effects of grazing by cattle, applied as a fine fuel management strategy, on planted sagebrush seedlings at five blocks for five years. Grazing substantial reduced exotic annual grasses, large perennial bunchgrasses, and total herbaceous cover, thus achieving fuel management goals. Sagebrush cover and reproductive efforts were almost 2-fold greater in grazed compared to non-grazed areas in the final year of the study. This suggests that grazing favored sagebrush, a generally unpalatable shrub, recovery, likely by reducing competition from highly palatable herbaceous vegetation. Density of sagebrush, however, was similar between grazed and non-grazed areas. This research demonstrates that grazing can be strategically applied to reduce the probability of wildfire in areas with planted sagebrush seedlings; thereby, protecting the investment in sagebrush recovery. With more refinement, it also appears that grazing can be utilized to accelerate the recovery of sagebrush and potentially other woody vegetation habitat by modifying the competitive relationship between herbaceous and woody vegetation.  相似文献   

6.
基于藏北高原的3个围栏与自由放牧试验样地,探讨了高寒草地牧草营养品质对放牧的响应机制。结果表明：在一个高寒草原化草甸冷季牧场,冷季放牧分别减少了24.29%和18.98%的杂草酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量,并增加了41.05%的杂草粗灰分含量,从而增加了杂草营养品质;而没有改变群落和优势牧草营养品质。在一个高寒草原化草甸暖季牧场,暖季放牧分别减少了31.82%和27.45%的群落酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量,并分别增加了137.35%和24.73%的群落粗灰分和粗脂肪含量,从而增加了群落营养品质;暖季放牧分别减少了22.04%和22.50%的优势牧草酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量,并增加了202.19%的优势牧草粗灰分含量,从而增加了优势牧草营养品质;而没有改变杂草营养品质。在一个高寒草甸暖季牧场,暖季放牧分别减少了37.18%和25.10%的杂草酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量,从而增加了杂草营养品质;增加了26.55%的优势牧草粗蛋白含量,从而趋于增加了优势牧草营养品质;而对群落营养品质无影响。植物群落营养品质与植物群落α和β多样性相关,优势牧草营养品质主要与土壤变量相关,杂草营养品质与土壤变量和杂草α多样性有关。因此,藏北高寒草地牧草营养品质对放牧的响应因草地类型和放牧季节的不同而不同,高寒草地应该采取分类放牧管理。  相似文献   

7.
Exclusion of cattle by fencing has been proposed to alleviate possible negative grazing impacts on hydrologic, water quality, and cover habitat conditions within Sierra Nevada meadows used by Yosemite toads (Bufo canorus Camp) for breeding. Our objectives were to: 1) determine associations between breeding pool habitat conditions and use of potential breeding pools by toads; and 2) determine how habitat conditions respond to cattle exclusion treatments on the Sierra National Forest, California. We randomly selected two toad occupied and two unoccupied breeding pools in each of nine meadows for this study (n = 36 breeding pools). After baseline data collection in 2006, three meadow fencing treatments were implemented over the course of 3 yr. Treatments were fencing to exclude cattle from the entire meadow; fencing to exclude cattle from toad breeding and rearing areas, with grazing allowed in the remaining unfenced portion of the meadow; and cattle grazing allowed across entire meadow. We monitored hydrologic, water quality, and cover habitat variables as well as toad occupancy during the breeding seasons of 2006 through 2008. Concentrations of water quality constituents were uniformly low all years regardless of treatment. Occupied pools were shallower, warmer, and more nitrogen enriched than unoccupied breeding pools. We found no evidence of improved toad breeding pool habitat conditions following fencing compared to standard US Forest Service grazing management.  相似文献   

8.
The fire-grazing interaction is well studied in mesic grasslands worldwide, but research is limited in semiarid systems. We examined the principal drivers and feedbacks of the fire-grazing interaction on the strength of cattle grazing selection, herbaceous biomass, crude protein, and vegetation structure and composition in two pastures in the Northern Great Plains. Cattle showed significant preference, use, and grazing utilization in recently burned patches that declined as time since fire increased. Cattle selection was driven by significantly increased crude protein in recent burns. Grazing utilization of 70% in patches with < 1 yr after fire established low herbaceous biomass, but the extent to which it was maintained varied with precipitation. Herbaceous biomass increased to nonburned levels 2 yr after fire, and crude protein decreased to nonburned levels 120 d after fire. Species composition was influenced primarily by site and year, though bare ground and litter were influenced by the fire-grazing interaction. Our data indicate that mixed-grass prairies of the Northern Great Plains are resilient to the fire-grazing interaction and that rest from grazing following fire is likely ecologically unnecessary. The use of the fire-grazing interaction is an alternative management strategy suitable for the Northern Great Plains, effectively increasing heterogeneity of grassland habitat.  相似文献   

9.
We examined the independent and combined effects of prescribed fire and livestock grazing on herbaceous plant production in shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado in the North American Great Plains. Burning was implemented in March, before the onset of the growing season. During the first postburn growing season, burning had no influence on soil moisture, nor did it affect soil nitrogen (N) availability in spring (April–May), but it significantly enhanced soil N availability in summer (June–July). Burning had no influence on herbaceous plant production in the first postburn growing season but enhanced in vitro dry matter digestibility of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis [Willd. ex Kunth] Lag. ex Griffiths) forage sampled in late May. For the second postburn growing season, we found no difference in herbaceous plant production between sites that were burned and grazed in the previous year versus sites that were burned and protected from grazing in the previous year. Our results provide further evidence that prescribed burns conducted in late winter in dormant vegetation can have neutral or positive consequences for livestock production because of a neutral effect on forage quantity and a short-term enhancement of forage quality. In addition, our results indicate that with conservative stocking rates, deferment of grazing during the first postburn growing season may not be necessary to sustain plant productivity.  相似文献   

10.
为揭示高寒草甸植被群落特征和生物量对短期休牧的响应,为高寒草甸合理利用提供依据,于2017年9月上旬采用样方法对青海省海北州门源县的连续放牧、生长季休牧和禁牧1年的高寒草甸样地进行调查、取样和分析,研究了短期休牧对高寒草甸植被群落结构和地上/地下生物量的影响。结果表明:1)生长季休牧和禁牧1年较连续放牧极显著提高了高寒草甸的群落高度、群落盖度和样方物种丰富度(P<0.01),极显著提高了异针茅、矮嵩草、异叶米口袋和青海苜蓿等代表性牧草高度(P<0.01);2)生长季休牧和禁牧1年较连续放牧极显著提高了枯落物量和半腐殖质量(P<0.01),极显著提高了禾本科、豆科和阔叶类植物生物量(P<0.01),极显著提高了总地上生物量和优质牧草产量(P<0.01);3)生长季休牧和禁牧1年较连续放牧极显著提高了表层地下生物量(0~10 cm)和总地下生物量(0~30 cm)(P<0.01)。对于青海海北地区的未退化高寒草甸,可以采用短期休牧技术优化其群落结构,提高生物量和优质牧草产量,促进天然草地资源合理利用。  相似文献   

11.
休牧是西藏主要放牧管理和草地保护的措施之一,目的是通过自然力的作用使退化草地的植被与土壤得到恢复,维持较高的多样性和生物量。本研究以西藏中部高寒草原和高寒草甸为研究对象,通过野外调查和室内试验分析,研究自由放牧和休牧对高寒草原和高寒草甸植物物种多样性、总生物量、地上地下生物量权衡以及土壤理化性质的影响,对比自由放牧和休牧对高寒草原和高寒草甸植被与土壤特征影响的差异。结果表明:在高寒草原与高寒草甸,休牧6~8年虽一定程度降低了植物群落的Simpson指数、Pielou指数、Shannon-Wiener指数,增加了植被总生物量,但变化均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。休牧6~8年提高了地上和地下生物量权衡值,并促使植物更多地向地上部分生长,且在高寒草甸的作用效果更为明显。另外,休牧和自由放牧对高寒草甸以及高寒草原草地土壤机械组成、土壤微团聚体、土壤营养元素影响没有显著差异。综合分析发现,休牧对西藏高寒草地的植被恢复尚未产生明显的效果,表现为休牧对群落生物多样性、植被生物量和土壤理化性质影响均未达显著水平,因此,对西藏休牧的实施效果还有待于今后进一步的观测和研究。  相似文献   

12.
本试验为研究冷季营养匮乏对放牧牦牛和黄牛血清生化指标、瘤胃发酵参数及放牧行为的影响,选取体重相近、健康无病的4岁母牦牛和母黄牛各10头,分别于2018年11月、2019年1和3月佩戴MOOnitor监测系统对其放牧行为进行研究。在试验期末（2019年3月）采集牧草样品、瘤胃液和血液,用于牧草营养成分、血清生化指标和瘤胃发酵参数分析。结果表明：1）牦牛血清中血糖（GLU）、生长激素（GH）、胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）和胰岛素（INS）含量较黄牛显著升高（P<0.05）;2）牦牛瘤胃液氨态氮、乙酸、戊酸、总挥发性脂肪酸含量及乙酸/丙酸均显著高于黄牛（P<0.05）;3）冷季营养严重不足,牦牛采食时间、反刍时间较黄牛显著减少（P<0.05）,行走时间相对增加（P<0.05）,且采食范围由集中趋于分散,空间分布由峡谷平地逐渐向山坡迁移。综上所述,冷季自然放牧下,牦牛较本地黄牛具有更强的营养物质代谢能力且可产生更多的挥发性脂肪酸为其提供能量,通过增加游走采食等放牧行为帮助其提高能量利用效率进而有效应对冷季营养匮乏。  相似文献   

13.
以岷江上游干旱河谷/山地森林交错带的林下草本层植物群落为研究对象,以牧道为切入点,通过跟踪放牧和样方调查,应用关联和典范对应分析方法探讨山地牧道与草本层群落分布特征的关系。结果表明,牧道样地草本层中耐践踏的菊科占绝对优势,禾本科和豆科植物较少,说明长期放牧下草本层植被有退化趋势。通过9个优势种种间关联分析发现,野艾蒿和老芒麦代表了人工林样地群落特征,黄花蒿、紫苜蓿等其他7种优势种代表了灌丛样地特征,各优势种均表现出环境适应的趋同性和彼此的相似性。牧道分割增加了草本层植物群落分布的异质性,牧道格局指数与草地质量指数基本呈负相关变化规律,而牧道密度与草地质量指数之间的相关性不明显,牧道密度和牧道格局具有一定的指示草地退化的作用,但相互关系复杂。通过CCA排序可知,乔灌层盖度是影响草本层植物分布的最重要因素,其次为牧道密度,坡度和坡位对其分布也有一定的影响。  相似文献   

14.
Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis &lsqb;Beetle & A. Young] S.L. Welsh) plant communities with degraded native herbaceous understories occupy vast expanses of the western United States. Restoring the native herbaceous understory in these communities is needed to provide higher-quality wildlife habitat, decrease the risk of exotic plant invasion, and increase forage for livestock. Though mowing is commonly applied in sagebrush communities with the objective of increasing native herbaceous vegetation, vegetation response to this treatment in degraded Wyoming big sagebrush communities is largely unknown. We compared mowed and untreated control plots in five Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities with degraded herbaceous understories in eastern Oregon for 3 yr posttreatment. Native perennial herbaceous vegetation did not respond to mowing, but exotic annuals increased with mowing. Density of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), a problematic exotic annual grass, was 3.3-fold greater in the mowed than untreated control treatment in the third year posttreatment. Annual forb cover, largely consisting of exotic species, was 1.8-fold greater in the mowed treatment compared to the untreated control in the third year posttreatment. Large perennial grass cover was not influenced by mowing and remained below 2%. Mowing does not appear to promote native herbaceous vegetation in degraded Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities and may facilitate the conversion of shrublands to exotic annual grasslands. The results of this study suggest that mowing, as a stand-alone treatment, does not restore the herbaceous understory in degraded Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities. We recommend that mowing not be applied in Wyoming big sagebrush plant communities with degraded understories without additional treatments to limit exotic annuals and promote perennial herbaceous vegetation.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

This paper considers the choice of a browsing ungulate to supplement cattle in savanna regions susceptible to problems of bush encroachment, and evaluates the kudu in particular. Relevant aspects of its ecology considered include (i) the vegetation components utilized at different seasons and in different areas, with regard to principal food species, reserve dry season species, rejected plant species and potential food limitations; (ii) social grouping patterns and home range extent; (iii) population densities, reproductive parameters, survival rates and population dynamics in relation to rainfall; (iv) impact on the vegetation of browsing and branch breakage. Features of the kudu are compared with those of other browsing ungulates, including giraffe, eland, impala and goats. It is concluded that the kudu is a prime candidate for inclusion alongside cattle in mixed species ranching enterprises in most regions of savanna vegetation.  相似文献   

16.
Simulated browsing treatments were imposed on an important browse species of the North American moose (Alces alces L.) to see if the development and extent of subsequent stem dieback in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) could be used to determine the time of browsing during the growing season. Two hundred naturally growing aspen saplings of similar size and form were randomly selected in a 20-ha area near the endowment lands of the University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada. Plants were randomly assigned to treatment categories so that the apical meristems of 50 plants each were assigned to a control or were clipped on one of the following dates 6 weeks apart: 1 June, 16 July, and 30 August 2005. The leader of each aspen was clipped and dieback was left to progress until the onset of winter dormancy. Our results showed that the earlier the simulated browsing occurs in the growing season, the greater the length of stem dieback, up to the maximum of the subapical axillary node below the point of clipping. The average rate at which dieback progressed varied between treatments and decreased throughout the growing season. Our results suggest that the ratio of the actual length of stem dieback to the overall length of stem between the clip point and the subapical axillary node serves as a good indicator for estimating the time at which aspen meristems have been browsed during the growing season.  相似文献   

17.
Grazing by large herbivores has been shown to condition vegetation in a manner that improves grassland quality for subsequent herbivory. Fescue grasslands evolved with disturbance from fire and winter grazing by bison but are now grazed primarily by cattle during summer. We examined the effect of long-term summer grazing on the seasonal forage production and quality of fescue grasslands in an examination of the hypothesis that long-term grazing had conditioned fescue grasslands to benefit livestock. This hypothesis was examined by comparing, between grazed and ungrazed plots, the biomass and composition of herbage components, concentrations of nitrogen (N) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) therein, and the ability of major plant types to maintain their biomass and quality throughout the growing season. The study was conducted in southern Alberta at five sites that had long-term exclosures (20+ yr) on grasslands that had been moderately grazed. Grazing had no effect on the N concentration of associated grasses, but grasses had lower N concentration than forbs. Concentrations of ADF followed a reciprocal trend to N. Grazing increased the mass of forbs from about 10% to 20% as a proportion of total biomass, which in turn, was not affected by grazing history. However, this grazing-induced shift to a higher quality vegetation type was not sufficient to affect total mass of N or total digestible nutrients at the community level. Rather than changes in current growth and quality, the predominant effect of summer grazing was in reducing litter mass, which also had the potential for affecting forage production and selection by herbivores. Finally, grazing reduced the relative contribution of rough fescue to total biomass by about 30%, and despite no significant effect on the potential to support summer grazing, this change could reduce the quality of these grasslands for winter grazing.  相似文献   

18.
The study was conducted to assess the effects of seasonal variation in the quality and quantity of pasture and management of livestock exclosures (ngitili) on the grazing behavior of cattle and goats. The study was 2×2×2 factorial design with three independent variables: season (Dry or Rainy), ngitili management (Private or Communal) and animal species (Cattle or Goats). Focal and scan observation methods were used to record different behavioral activities. Vegetation attributes from the study areas were measured in two consecutive seasons. Most key forage species had significant higher crude protein (CP) content and in vitro organic matter digestibility (INVOMD) in rainy than in dry season (P<0.05), but Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) did not vary significantly with season (P>0.05). ADF and NDF were significantly higher in species from communal ngitili than those from private ngitili (P<0.05). Above-ground herbaceous biomass and bulk density (BD) were significantly higher in the rainy season and in the private ngitili than in the dry season and in the communal ngitili respectively. Cattle and goats spent considerably more time grazing and browsing respectively in the rainy season than in the dry season (P<0.05). Cattle foraging activities did not vary significantly (P>0.05) with ngitili management, but goats found to spend considerably more time browsing in the communal ngitili and more time grazing in the private ngitili (P<0.05). Despite the merits of stocking cattle and goats together in the heterogeneous pasture, seasonal variation in forage resources requires investigation of other strategies such as use of multipurpose trees and treatment of crop residues to improve livestock production.  相似文献   

19.
Grazing by cattle is ubiquitous across the sagebrush steppe; however, little is known about its effects on sagebrush and native bunchgrass structure. Understanding the effects of long-term grazing on sagebrush and bunchgrass structure is important because sagebrush is a keystone species and bunchgrasses are the dominant herbaceous functional group in these communities. To investigate the effects of long-term grazing on sagebrush and bunchgrass structure, we compared nine grazing exclosures with nine adjacent rangelands that were grazed by cattle in southeast Oregon. Grazing was moderate utilization (30 ? 45%) with altering season of use and infrequent rest. Long-term grazing by cattle altered some structural aspects of bunchgrasses and sagebrush. Ungrazed bunchgrasses had larger dead centers in their crowns, as well as greater dead fuel depths below and above the crown level compared with grazed bunchgrasses. This accumulation of dry fuel near the meristematic tissue may increase the probability of fire-induced mortality during a wildfire. Bunchgrasses in the ungrazed treatment had more reproductive stems than those in the long-term grazed treatment. This suggests that seed production of bunchgrasses may be greater in ungrazed areas. Sagebrush height and longest canopy diameter were 15% and 20% greater in the ungrazed compared with the grazed treatment, respectively. However, the bottom of the sagebrush canopy was closer to the ground in the grazed compared with the ungrazed treatment, which may provide better hiding cover for ground-nesting avian species. Sagebrush basal stem diameter, number of stems, amount of dead material in the canopy, canopy gap size, and number of canopy gaps did not differ between ungrazed and grazed treatments. Moderate grazing does not appear to alter the competitive relationship between a generally unpalatable shrub and palatable bunchgrasses. Long-term, moderate grazing appears to have minimal effects to the structure of bunchgrasses and sagebrush, other than reducing the risk of bunchgrass mortality during a fire event.  相似文献   

20.
The behaviour of sheep, goats and cattle on a shrub and tree savannah in the sub-humid zone of West Africa was studied during the dry (February to May), rainy (June to September) and cool season (October to January). Two mature females per animal species were followed by two observers during 3 days per month and behaviour activities were recorded every 15 min of the daily grazing time. When browsing, the plant name, plant part and plant height reached during prehension were recorded. The distance travelled and the grazing circuits were recorded with a step counter and a Geographic Position System device. The knowledge of farmers concerning appreciated browse species relative to the browse species consumed by animals in the area was also investigated.

During the dry season sheep, goats and cattle spent around 25% of their time browsing and 20%, 16% and 31%, respectively, of their time grazing. During the cool season, goats (17%) browsed more than sheep (7%) and cattle (5%) (P < 0.05). During the rainy season, sheep browsed 20% of the time while cattle spent only 7% of their time browsing, while goats were tied, with no opportunity for browsing. Browsing leaves was the most important part of the browsing activity. During the cool season, browsing height was the same (1.0 m) for cattle and goats, but lower for sheep (0.6 m) (P < 0.05). In the dry and cool season, sheep and goats walked shorter distances than cattle.

The plant species with the highest frequency of consumption were Acacia dudgeoni Craib, Ficus gnaphalocarpa (Miq.) A. Rich, Dioscorea togoensis Knuth, Cordia myxa L., and Manguifera indica L. for sheep and goats and Afzelia africana Sm., Kaya senegalensis (Desv.) A. Juss, Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. and Dicrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight and Arn. for cattle. Species with a high frequency of citation by farmers were A. africana (92%), K. senegalensis (88%), P. erinaceus (86%), Faidherbia albida A. Chevalier (80%), A. dudgeoni (70%) and F. gnaphalocarpa (69%).

In conclusion, browse species make an important contribution to the diet of ruminant animals in the sub-humid zone and farmers are familiar with the species consumed by ruminant animals.  相似文献   


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