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《畜牧与兽医》2016,(3):11-15
为了研究地方猪品种SERPINA3基因拷贝数变异(Copy Number Variation,CNV)的多态性变化,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,对香猪、糯谷猪和柯乐猪3个贵州地方猪品种的SERPINA3基因的拷贝数进行了分析,并与大白猪相比较。结果显示,在4个猪品种中,SERPINA3基因的拷贝数均以增加为主,香猪的SERPINA3基因的拷贝数最少,为10.45±0.37,大白猪的拷贝数最多,达18.02±0.92,糯谷猪与柯乐猪分别为14.40±0.94、14.05±0.91。其中香猪、糯谷猪和柯乐猪3个贵州地方猪品种的SERPINA3基因拷贝数与大白猪相比差异极显著(P0.01),糯谷猪与柯乐猪之间的差异不显著(P0.05),糯谷猪和柯乐猪与香猪相比差异极显著(P0.01)。结果提示:SERPINA3基因的拷贝数在猪品种之间存在丰富的多态性变化。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2021,33(3)
本试验对纯种柯乐猪与巴×柯杂交猪肠道菌群结构特性及差异性进行了研究,旨在从猪肠道微生物的角度揭示纯种柯乐猪耐粗饲特性及巴×柯杂交猪对青绿饲料的适应能力,为后期微生物添加剂的设计、柯乐猪杂交利用及标准化养殖提供依据。纯种柯乐猪和巴×柯杂交猪在同等条件下养殖,达屠宰体重后(100 kg左右),随机各选3头屠宰,取十二指肠、空肠、回肠、结肠内容物,进行高通量测序和生物学信息分析。结果显示:纯种柯乐猪与巴×柯杂交猪各肠段Alpha多样性指数差异不显著(P0.05);Beta多样性分析显示,2个品种猪大部分样品交叉聚集到一起;肠道菌群结构分析显示,纯种柯乐猪和巴×柯杂交猪小肠阶段以厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为优势菌门,到了结肠阶段则是以拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门为优势菌门;纯种柯乐猪与巴×柯杂交猪结肠中有大量的纤维分解菌属,巴×柯杂交猪结肠中月形单胞菌属(Selenomonas)和脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)的相对丰度显著或极显著高于纯种柯乐猪(P0.05或P0.01),而消化球菌属(Peptococcus)、聚乙酸菌属(Acetitomaculum)、Leeia的相对丰度则显著低于纯种柯乐猪(P0.05);LEfSe分析后发现纯种柯乐猪结肠中富集着大量的产短链脂肪酸菌,其中纤维降解菌有聚乙酸菌属、瘤胃球菌科的不可培养瘤胃细菌4C0d_17(uncultured_rumen_bacterium_4C0d_17)、Leeia、拟杆菌纲、拟杆菌目,与纤维降解菌起协同作用的菌群有考拉杆菌属(Phascolarctobacterium)、考拉杆菌属的uncultured_Veillonellaceae_bacterium;巴×柯杂交猪结肠中富集的纤维降解菌有月形单胞菌属、柔嫩梭菌(Clostridium leptum)。上述结果表明,在整个肠道菌群结构上,纯种柯乐猪和巴×柯杂交猪的优势菌在类别上非常接近,体现了环境相同效应,纯种柯乐猪和巴×柯杂交猪的肠道菌群结构相对稳定且相似度高;在属水平上,纯种柯乐猪和巴×柯杂交猪的结肠中纤维降解菌表现出差异,纯种柯乐猪结肠内纤维降解菌的比例较高,说明引入外源血对肠道菌群结构有一定的影响,巴×柯杂交猪对粗纤维的消化能力较弱于柯乐猪。 相似文献
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为进一步探究柯乐猪的最佳屠宰期,试验选取体重和日龄相近、健康、发育良好的柯乐猪12头,在相同条件下饲养,于不同体重阶段(90,100,110 kg)屠宰,分别对其屠宰性能及肉品质指标进行测定,并结合日增重及料重比进一步分析确定柯乐猪的最佳屠宰期。结果表明:100 kg体重阶段柯乐猪平均背膘厚低于90 kg和110 kg体重阶段,但差异不显著(P0. 05);90 kg体重阶段熟肉率显著低于100 kg和110 kg体重阶段(P0. 05);90 kg体重阶段滴水损失显著高于100 kg和110 kg体重阶段(P0. 05);其他指标各体重阶段均差异不显著(P0. 05)。说明100 kg体重阶段的肉品质更优,经济效益更佳,可作为柯乐猪的最佳屠宰期。 相似文献
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为探究地方品种柯乐猪与引进品种大白猪的种质特性,试验从2个品种中分别选择19头和12头进行胴体及肉质性状等相关指标的测定,并进行性状间相关性分析。相关性分析表明,柯乐猪和大白猪的宰前活重与胴体重均极显著正相关(P<0.01),瘦肉率与宰前活重均显著负相关(P<0.05);柯乐猪眼肌的L45min*与b45min*呈极显著正相关(r=0.701,P <0.01),大白猪眼肌的L45min*与b45min*呈显著正相关(r=0.671,P <0.05)。结果表明,在相同饲养环境条件下,大白猪的胴体性能优于柯乐猪,但柯乐猪肉质优于大白猪,性状间也存在一定的相关性。 相似文献
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为了探究拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV)在不同猪品种间的多态性,本试验根据猪SNP60芯片检测结果,以大白猪、香猪、柯乐猪、糯谷猪、荣昌猪为主要研究对象,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,对5个猪品种基因组中3个CNV区域(CNVR91、CNVR92和CNVR143)的拷贝数进行测定。结果显示,香猪的CNVR91以拷贝数缺失为主,其他4个猪品种的拷贝数以正常为主;香猪、大白猪、柯乐猪、荣昌猪的CNVR92以拷贝数缺失为主,糯谷猪以拷贝数正常为主;香猪和糯谷猪的CNVR143以拷贝数增加为主,其他3个猪品种以拷贝数正常为主。表明3个拷贝数变异区在5个猪品种之间具有多态性,可能通过剂量效应影响香猪、糯谷猪和柯乐猪等相关基因的表达和生理功能。 相似文献
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柯乐猪与国外品种猪精子活力的比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《养猪》2021,(3)
人工授精技术在猪繁殖育种上广为使用,种公猪精液质量是繁殖生产的关键因素,精液质量直接影响着养殖业的效益。试验针对贵州地方猪种柯乐猪和国外常见品种种公猪精液质量对比分析,结果表明,柯乐猪12h及72 h精子活力优于杜洛克猪和长白猪,72 h后保持良好活力,活力高于70%。这显示了柯乐猪种较强的精液活力,也为进一步研究与开发该猪种精液潜在价值以促进猪产业发展提供基础。 相似文献
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【目的】研究孕激素相关子宫内膜蛋白(progestogen associated endometrial protein, PAEP)基因多态性对柯乐猪繁殖性状的影响,以挖掘柯乐猪的高繁殖力基因,用于提升柯乐猪的繁殖力。【方法】以189头经产柯乐猪为试验动物,采用PCR产物测序和序列比对鉴定单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点,利用SHEsis在线软件分析SNP位点的群体遗传特性,通过RNAfold、SOPMA、SWISS-MODEL和SWISS-PdbViewer程序对SNP位点进行生物信息学分析,利用SPSS 22.0软件分析PAEP基因SNP位点与柯乐猪繁殖性状的相关性。【结果】在柯乐猪PAEP基因中共鉴定到3个SNPs位点：外显子4的g.1884992 T>C位点,为错义突变,导致第135位缬氨酸(V)变成丙氨酸(A);内含子4的g.1885152 G>C和g.1887834 G>A位点。3个突变位点均检测到3种基因型;g.1884992 T>C位点属于低度多态(PIC<0.25),g.1885152 G>C、g.1887834 G>A位点属于... 相似文献
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5个猪种HSD17B12基因结构变异SV225的多态性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于香猪基因组重测序结果,发现HSD17B12基因内含子3中存在一个254 bp的结构变异位点,命名为SV225。为探索SV225在不同猪群体间多态性分布以及基因型与香猪产仔数的关系,选取4个贵州地方猪种(香猪、柯乐猪、江口萝卜猪、黔北黑猪)和1个欧洲猪种(大白猪)为动物样本,利用PCR检测5个猪种中结构变异SV225的分布频率。结果显示,4个贵州地方猪种中均检测到3种基因型:插入型Ⅱ,杂合型DI与缺失型DD,SV225多态性丰富,大白猪仅检测到Ⅱ型。4个贵州地方猪群相比,香猪和柯乐猪的D等位基因占优势,江口萝卜猪和黔北黑猪中Ⅰ等位基因比例更高。经卡方检验,香猪、柯乐猪的D等位基因频率显著高于江口萝卜猪和黔北黑猪(P0.01),且4个贵州地方猪种的D等位基因均显著高于大白猪(P0.01)。分析3种基因型与香猪产仔数的关系,发现Ⅱ型个体的第三胎平均产仔数比DI型多2.25头(P0.01)。本研究结果提示HSD17B12基因中的结构变异SV225与地方猪的产仔数可能存在一定的联系。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2016,(5):39-43
采用等位基因特异性PCR方法,对香猪、黔北黑猪、柯乐猪、糯谷猪、荣昌猪、大白猪6个中外猪品种足细胞标记蛋白(podocalyxin,PODXL)中的1个单核苷酸多态性位点ALGA0105966进行基因分型,研究该位点的多态性与猪的体尺指标之间的关联。从6个猪品种的PODXL基因中检测到ALGA0105966位点的基因频率存在多态性变化,香猪、柯乐猪和荣昌猪中以AA纯合型为优势基因型,A等位基因的频率明显高于G(P0.01);黔北黑猪、糯谷猪、大白猪以杂合的AG为优势基因型,A与G等位基因频率间的差异不明显(P0.05);关联分析结果表明:ALGA0105966位点的基因型与香猪的管围、柯乐猪的体高、体长、胸围、腹围、体重以及黔北黑猪的胸围、体重存在弱的正相关关系,与荣昌猪的体宽呈中度正相关。推测PODXL基因中ALGA0105966位点可能与地方猪的体尺和体重变化有关。 相似文献
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选择中国大陆最早分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2)(缩写为SS株)和1998年大流行时期分离的H9N2亚型AIVA/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)(缩写为F株)为研究对象,对其在SPF鸡体内的复制能力和传播途径特性比较后发现,F株在4周龄SPF鸡气管中的复制能力高于SS株,F株可以经气溶胶传播途径传播,SS株不能经气溶胶传播途径传播;利用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法获取F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的cDNA,序列分析得知,F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的同源性分别是96.6%和98.1%;HA基因的裂解位点氨基酸序列都是PARSSR↓GL,但有5个氨基酸的差异,即166位N(F)→D(SS)、198位A(F)→V(SS)、217位V(F)→I(SS)、335位G(F)→R(SS)、504位L(F)→S(SS);2株病毒的NA基因在63~65位都存在氨基酸缺失,但在NA基因红细胞吸附位点的氨基酸序列不同,分别是IKKDSRSG(F)和IKEDLRSG(SS)。F株和SS株的传播特性差异是否与其表面基因序列有关,有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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禽类的起源、演化及我国主要家禽品种类型与分布 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
家禽是重要经济价值动物.本文从禽类种群进化学说出发,简介了禽类的起源、演化、动物学分类和家禽的驯化(养)与品种的形成,并对我国主要家禽(鸡、鸭、鹅)地方品种和培育品种(配套系)的分布与类型作了描述,以期为研究我国家禽起源系统,保护与利用我国家禽品种,促进家禽生产可持续发展提供参考. 相似文献
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近年以来,由于市场因素的刺激,生猪的存养量大幅上升,再加上由于流通环节较多,流通非常频繁,流通距离越来越远。这对繁荣经济,增加养殖效益起了重要的推动作用,但也同时给疾病的感染和传播创造了有利条件,给猪病的防治带来了困难。有的猪场感染了传染病后,由于治疗不及时不得法,而造成了惨重的经济损失。2008年7月中旬,我街道一养猪户因盲目从外地购进中猪,发生猪病疫情,引起猪只连续死亡,造成一定的经济损失。根据流行病学、临床症状、剖检变化和实验室诊断,诊断该病为猪链球菌病和猪伪狂犬病混合感染,现报告如下。 相似文献
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１前言１．１鸡白冠病鸡白冠病是由卡氏住白细胞原虫寄生于鸡的红细胞和单核细胞而引起的鸡的贫血性疾病。吸血昆虫蚋和库蠓叮咬鸡引起传播，是主要的传播媒介，一般在夏末和秋季多发，由于夏季降雨量较大，部分沟渠积水，库蠓和蚋多孳生，因此在多雨水涝的年份发病率明显增高。１９９８年中国从南到北发生洪涝灾害，吸血昆虫的孳生格外严重，出现了一个白冠病多发年，而后两年发病稍轻，并有地区性，今年８月中旬以来白冠病的发病呈抬头趋势，有一定的死亡率，对蛋鸡产蛋率也会引起一定程度的降低，应引起养鸡户的重视。１．２鸡痘鸡痘也是… 相似文献
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Pinard CL Weiss ML Brightman AH Fenwick BW Davidson HJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(1):104-108
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle. 相似文献
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Harvey CE 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2002,19(4):186-195
Crown width, height and buccal surface areas were measured on heads or skulls of four dogs and four cats, and were compared with similar measurements on models of human dentition. Buccal surface area variability was greater in dogs and cats than in humans, and teeth of cats were smaller. Horizontal (gingival and occlusal halves) and vertical (mesial, middle, and distal thirds) buccal surface area variability was also greater in canine and feline teeth compared with human teeth. This increased variability suggests the need for testing of reliability and repeatability of scoring when using plaque and calculus indices based on horizontal or vertical segmentation. Buccal surface area variability between teeth also prompts questioning the validity of equal weighting of smaller, irregularly-shaped teeth when calculating a mean mouth score. Whether equal or more reliable results would be obtained from scores of whole teeth in comparison with segmentation indices used currently has yet to be determined. 相似文献
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Over a period of about 12 years, 30 abnormal Schistosoma mattheei cercariae were found among a total of approximately 2.8 million examined. Initially seven were recovered from about 1.02 million (0.0007%), which were examined individually while being counted with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. Subsequently, on the strength of relatively high percentages of abnormal individuals recovered when counting cercariae that failed to penetrate into oxen, it appeared that the morphologically abnormal cercariae were unable to swim and would mostly sediment out of a suspension while most of the normal cercariae would remain swimming. This surmise is supported by recovery of 23 morphologically abnormal cercariae (0.001%) from about 1.8 million, by examining the sediment after the cercarial suspension had been left standing undisturbed in glass measuring cylinders. The abnormalities ranged from aberrant tails only (e.g. an underdeveloped tail, or different degrees of schism) or aberrant heads only, to abnormalities of both the heads and tails. A suggested schematic classification of abnormal cercariae is presented. A young, adult hamster was exposed to eight S. mattheei cercariae with complete schism of the shaft of the tail, by pipetting the cercariae onto the shaved abdominal skin of the anaesthetised animal. Two underdeveloped females were subsequently encountered in squash preparations of the liver when the hamster was killed for worm recovery 10 weeks after infection, thus showing that some of the abnormal cercariae were viable. A method is also described for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining some of the shining brilliance of live cercariae, without them becoming shrivelled, granular and semi-opaque, as occurs when cercariae die spontaneously or are killed with heat. This is apparently the first report of abnormal cercariae of S. mattheei. In addition, a method of concentrating abnormal cercariae after emergence from a snail, a schematic classification of abnormal cercariae and a method for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining much of the shiny brilliance of live cercariae are also reported for the first time as far as is known. 相似文献