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1.
以内蒙古托克托县地区为研究对象,通过系统采集浅层地下水和土壤样品,分析研究区浅层地下水和土壤中氟化物的赋存分布规律及其相关性。结果表明:托克托县地区浅层地下水氟的最低浓度为0.15 mg·L~(-1),最高浓度为7.00 mg·L~(-1),平均值为2.10 mg·L~(-1)。研究区的绝大部分地区浅层地下水中氟含量大于1.00 mg·L~(-1),已不宜作为生活饮用水源。整体表现为东南部湖积台地地下水氟含量要高于西北部冲湖积平原地区。在低TH(总硬度)、偏碱性的浅层地下水环境中,Ca~(2+)的活度会降低,有利于F~-在地下水中的富集。浅层地下水中氟与土壤水溶性氟的空间浓度分布特征具有较高的相似性,湖积台地及蛮汉山前地带沉积的富氟矿物,是本区土壤和浅层地下水中氟化物的主要来源。 相似文献
2.
河西走廊平原区北部及部分山前地段浅层地下水氟含量高,以该水为饮用水源的当地居民氟中毒病较为严重。平原区地下水氟含量在平面上由南到北呈现出从低氟水到高氟水的区域性水平分带规律;在垂向上,细土平原高氟水带浅层水氟含量较高,下部分布质与量均佳的中低氟承压水,呈现为上高下低的规律。平原区周围含氟矿物与氟矿物及深层循环地下水为氟的主要物质来源,地下水的补给、径流与排泄条件,干旱气候,封闭的北部低洼地形及水化学环境等综合因素促成了氟的富集。 相似文献
3.
鄂尔多斯苏里格南区块浅层地下水水化学分布特征及污染源分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用2008年8月所采集的29件浅层地下水样品的水质资料分析了鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格南区块浅层地下水的水化学空间分布特征及地下水污染源,结果表明:苏里格南区块浅层地下水中总溶解固体(TDS)含量较低,且基本上未受到有机物污染,但存在大肠菌群、亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮、硝酸盐氮以及金属锰、铁超标的现象;浅层地下水中大肠菌群的主要污染源为生活污水、生活垃圾及人蓄粪便,而地下水中"三氮"的污染源主要为农药化肥及人蓄粪便;浅层地下水中铁、锰超标的主要原因是该地区土壤中铁、锰的本底值较高。 相似文献
4.
滹沱河流域平原浅层地下水演变时代特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
滹沱河流域是华北平原浅层地下水超采的典型区域,本文通过整理分析区域内布控的地下水位监测点长系列实际观测数据,对浅层地下水时空规律进行了精细研究,系统总结了50多年来浅层地下水在各个时段的变化和分布状况,并进一步提供不同埋深段的分布面积及随时间的变化状况。在查明浅层地下水埋深的时空演变规律的基础上,揭示了目前研究区浅层地下水埋深整体大幅度下降的区域特征和从西部山前、北部河道带和东部向西南方逐渐增加的分布特征,警示了研究区当前面临的浅层地下水日益衰竭的紧迫现状。 相似文献
5.
松嫩平原高氟地下水的分布特征及防氟改水研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取具有典型意义的吉林省通榆县等地氟病高发区和松嫩平原作为研究区,对地下水及含水层进行系统取样,运用描述性统计分析及相关性分析等方法,综合研究松嫩平原地下水中氟的分布、来源及影响因素。结果表明:松嫩平原高氟地下水主要分布于第四系潜水中,平原四周及含水层组富氟的地质环境是其主要来源区,地貌条件、气候因素及水化学条件影响地下水中氟的富集与扩散,研究区第四系及前第四系承压水水量丰富,水质良好,氟含量低于规范要求,可作为地氟病区防氟改水的主要供水目的层。 相似文献
6.
北京南部地区地下水氟化物分布特征及成因分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以大兴区为研究对象,基于全区99眼机井的地下水水质调查结果,应用数学统计分析方法和水文化学分析软件,研究了北京南部地区地下水中氟化物的分布特征及成因。结果表明:该区域地下水化学类型相对比较简单,以HCO3-Ca.Mg型为主。氟化物在研究区地下水中广泛分布,影响着地下水水质状况。浅层地下水中氟化物浓度变化范围在0.13～1.76mg/L之间,浓度高值区主要分布在研究区南部和东南部。与浅层地下水相比,深层地下水中氟化物浓度较低,未出现超标现象。地下水中氟化物浓度与pH值及Ca2+浓度分别呈正、负相关关系,与取水深度也存在一定相关关系。地下水中氟化物主要由自然因素造成,但近年来人类频繁活动也影响着水体中氟化物浓度变化。 相似文献
7.
基于环境同位素的陇东盆地地下水分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前同位素技术在水文水资源领域应用非常广泛,也取得了较大的成果,研究地下水同位素对于有效开发利用水资源和预测地下水环境的变化具有重要的意义.根据陇东盆地同位素测试结果,分析盆地地下水同位素分布特征,追溯地下水的来源及运移过程.结果发现:陇东盆地地下水均来源于大气降水,地下水循环具有浅层循环与深层循环两种模式.浅层地下水积极参与现代水循环,可更新能力较强,地貌对地下水径流控制作用明显.深层地下水为古地质时期补给形成的,水交替径流缓慢,可更新能力弱,地下水径流受地质构造控制,从向斜两翼向核部汇集在盆地中部排泄于河流基准排泄面. 相似文献
8.
关中盆地浅层地下水氮污染的时空变化规律及其防治措施 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在研究区采集和测试了232个水样,采用单因子污染指数法对浅层地下水氮污染进行了评价,剖析了浅层地下水氮污染的时空变化规律。结果表明：浅层地下水中氮污染以硝态氮为主,呈面状分布;铵态氮和亚硝态氮污染以点状形式存在。渭河以北地区氮污染程度高于渭河以南地区;渭河北部的漆水河-洛河地段、渭河南部西安城区和户县-长安及华县的黄土... 相似文献
9.
河南平原浅层地下水水化学分布特征及其污染成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2009年所采集的75件浅层地下水样品的水质资料,分析了浅层地下水的水化学空间分布特征,并结合研究区的地质水文地质条件以及污染源的特点进一步探究其形成的原因.研究结果表明:河南平原浅层地F水主要存在着TDS、总硬度、Mn、"三氮"、Fe、氯化物以及硫酸盐的超标现象.TDS,氯化物、硫酸盐超标主要由于局部地区过量开采... 相似文献
10.
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
15.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
16.
B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献
17.
L. Blommers H. Helsen F. Vaal 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1988,94(2):95-103
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed. 相似文献
18.
F. K. Crutcher M. A. Henry‐Gregory H. H. Wilkinson S. E. Duke T. Wheeler C. M. Kenerley 《Plant pathology》2018,67(4):839-847
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population. 相似文献
19.
H. A. Van Hoof H. Huttinga A. Knaap H. P. Maas Geesteranus W. H. M. Mosch D. G. J. De Raay-Wieringa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(3):87-98
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten. 相似文献
20.
Pedro W. Crous J.Z. Groenewald Walter Gams 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(8):841-850
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov. 相似文献