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为了研究昆明小鼠乳腺发育4个时期即青春期、妊娠期、泌乳期和退化期的同源异型盒基因(Hex)蛋白表达规律及组织定位,试验采用免疫组织化学法进行检测。结果表明:昆明小鼠乳腺组织结构呈周期性变化,青春期至妊娠期Hex蛋白逐渐增加,泌乳期达到高峰,退化期逐渐下降至类似青春期水平;Hex蛋白主要定位于细胞质中,泌乳期在细胞核中也有少部分出现;昆明小鼠乳腺发育的4个阶段均有Hex蛋白表达,且与乳腺周期性的变化一致。说明Hex蛋白参与乳腺的发育和泌乳调控过程。 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2020,(7)
为探究表皮生长因子(Epidermal growth factor,EGF)及表皮生长因子受体(Epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)在牦牛不同繁殖期乳腺组织内的含量及变化规律关系,试验应用ELISA方法测定不同繁殖期牦牛乳腺组织内EGF和EGFR的含量,并使用SPSS 21.0软件对试验数据进行单因素方差分析。结果表明:牦牛泌乳早期乳腺组织内EGF的含量显著高于其他4个繁殖期(P0.05);泌乳中期EGF的含量高于退化期,差异显著(P0.05);青春期与退化期、泌乳中期与妊娠期比较,EGF的含量均表现为差异不显著(P0.05)。EGFR在泌乳早期乳腺组织内的含量显著高于其他4个繁殖期,差异显著(P0.05);泌乳中期EGFR的含量高于退化期,差异显著(P0.05);青春期与退化期、泌乳中期与妊娠期比较,EGFR的含量均表现为差异不显著(P0.05)。此外,不同繁殖期牦牛乳腺组织内EGF与EGFR的含量变化呈正相关。不同繁殖期牦牛乳腺组织中EGF和EGFR的含量存在差异,且整体均表现出低-高-低的含量变化趋势,说明EGF和EGFR在介导乳腺发育、调控泌乳机制等方面可能发挥着不可忽视的作用。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2021,33(7)
乳腺退化是奶牛干奶过程中的关键阶段。在乳腺退化过程中,乳腺上皮细胞内的囊泡和脂滴逐渐增多,细胞器萎缩,细胞紧密连接通透性增加,乳成分合成能力下降,细胞凋亡增加。近年来,越来越多的研究开始关注干奶期奶牛乳腺退化发生机理及其调控手段,主要原因是加速奶牛干奶初期乳腺退化一方面可以降低干奶期乳腺内感染发生的风险,另一方面有提高短干奶期(30 d左右)奶牛下一泌乳周期产奶量的潜在可能。目前研究表明,转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)/Smad和酪氨酸激酶(JAK)/信号传导与转录激活因子3(STAT3)2条信号通路在乳腺退化中扮演着重要角色,且通过营养手段可以调控奶牛的乳腺退化过程。本文旨在对奶牛乳腺退化的相关机制和乳腺退化营养调控最新研究进展进行综述,以期为现代高产奶牛健康养殖提供新的思路,为未来进一步研究奶牛乳腺退化提供参考。 相似文献
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乳汁是哺乳动物在哺乳期由乳腺上皮细胞合成的物质。乳腺合成乳汁的能力在很大程度上取决于功能性乳腺上皮细胞的数量和效率。在各种激素(特别是雌激素、生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子-1、黄体酮、胎盘催乳素和催乳素等)的控制下,乳腺结构在胎儿生长期、青春期前期和青春期后期、怀孕期和哺乳期以物种依赖性和阶段依赖性的方式不断发育。乳汁对新生幼畜的生长、发育和健康来说至关重要。氨基酸是家畜乳汁中最为丰富的有机营养物,它以游离态和肽结合态的形式存在。哺乳母畜动脉血液中的氨基酸是乳汁中蛋白质(主要是β-酪蛋白和α-乳清蛋白)和生物活性氮代谢产生的最终来源。最新的研究结果指出,支链氨基酸(亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸)和精氨酸会大量分解代谢以合成谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、天冬酰胺、脯氨酸和多胺。氨基酸形成多肽不仅受激素(如催乳素、胰岛素和糖皮质激素)和流经哺乳期乳腺的血流速度的调控,还受母体血浆中氨基酸、脂肪、葡萄糖、维生素和矿物质浓度以及由某些氨基酸(如精氨酸、支链氨基酸和谷氨酰胺)机械性(哺乳动物)靶向雷帕霉素通路的活化程度的影响。掌握乳腺上皮细胞利用氨基酸(包括代谢)的相关知识将会加强我们对泌乳生物学的全面了解,并且对提高全球畜牧生产效率具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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为阐明L型氨基酸转运载体1（L-type amino acid transporter 1,LAT1）的表达与乳腺发育和泌乳功能之间的关系,采用荧光定量RT-PCR技术和激光共聚焦显微技术对青春期、妊娠期、泌乳期和退化期小鼠乳腺中LAT1及其辅因子4F2抗原重链（4F2hc）表达含量和部位的变化进行研究。结果表明,青春期乳腺导管发育缓慢,LAT1和4F2hc在导管上皮细胞膜、肌上皮细胞膜及乳腺脂肪细胞膜上均低水平表达;妊娠期导管上皮细胞增殖分化加速,LAT1和4F2hc在乳腺小叶导管上皮细胞膜基底侧表达,表达水平上调;泌乳期乳蛋白合成和分泌旺盛,LAT1和4F2hc在腺泡上皮细胞膜的基底侧表达,表达量达到峰值;退化期乳腺组织功能性结构消退,乳腺对氨基酸的需求降低,LAT1和4F2hc的表达下降。提示,LAT1/4F2hc是小鼠乳腺组织中转运氨基酸的载体形式,LAT1和4F2hc的表达变化与乳腺发育、泌乳、退化的生理过程中氨基酸的需要量相关。 相似文献
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Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases. 相似文献
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Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):324-328
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).
Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.
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Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(6):504-508
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
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Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1985,26(10):323-327
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.
Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.
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Slocombe JO Villeneuve A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(10):630-633
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
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In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.
Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.
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Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1988,29(8):641-646
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
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Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1987,28(8):491-495
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).
Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献