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本文分析了新修订的《农药管理条例》实施后,石家庄市农药可追溯管理的现状,并对如何加强全程农药可追溯管理进行了探讨。 相似文献
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加强农药监管对保障农业生产安全、农产品质量安全和生态环境安全具有至关重要的作用,而农药追溯管理是农药监管中的重点工作。通过追溯管理能有效减少滥用药行为,有效打击违法生产、销售、使用假劣农药和禁限用农药行为。本文通过分析农药可追溯管理的发展情况以及存在的问题,针对性提出了建议。 相似文献
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农药废弃物管理与农业环境保护 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
介绍了农药废弃物的产生和处理在农业生态环境保护中的重要性,分析了农药废弃物对农业生产、人类生活和农业生态环境的影响.认为应该把农药废弃物管理纳入到农药管理和治理农业面源污染的范畴,并提出了农药废弃物管理的建议. 相似文献
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河北省为加强农药试验管理 ,提高田间药效试验水平 ,确保试验的科学性、公正性、代表性 ,对全省３３个申请单位 ,从人员状况、硬件建设、规章制度等方面进行了综合考核 ,最后对符合条件的２９个单位予以了资格认证 ,并对这２９个单位的从业人员进行了技术培训。农药登记是从田间药效试验开始的 ,药效试验是农药登记管理中的一个重要环节和阶段。河北省农药管理部门对农药田间药效试验工作十分重视 ,要求全省药效试验单位要做到 :一是对生测试验工作要有充分的认识和足够的重视 ,增强责任感。要从讲政治的高度 ,保障农业生产和保护农民利益及… 相似文献
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单体稳定同位素分析技术在有机污染物溯源中的应用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着稳定同位素分析技术日趋发展完善,单体稳定同位素分析技术（compound-specific isotope analysis,CSIA）作为一种高分辨率、高灵敏度的同位素分析技术手段已逐渐受到关注。目前CSIA技术在有机污染物溯源方面的研究应用主要集中于卤代烃类、多环芳烃类及甲基叔丁基醚等,其在农药溯源领域的应用尚待研究开发。文章对CSIA技术在卤代烃类、多环芳烃类及甲基叔丁基醚等有机污染物溯源中的应用研究进展进行了总结与综述,讨论了该技术目前存在的问题,并分析了其在农药残留污染物溯源方面的应用前景,以期为CSIA技术在食品（特别是农产品）中农药残留污染溯源方面的开发应用提供参考。 相似文献
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Charlotte Thrane 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,121(3):339-346
Worldwide, there is increasing focus on implementation of Quality Assurance systems (QA-systems) in plant health diagnostic
laboratories. Several laboratories are in the development or implementation phase and some laboratories have gained accreditation
through approval by national accreditation boards. To initiate the process of developing and implementing QA-systems, management
and staff need a strong motivation factor. First, because it is a time-consuming and demanding process to go through. Second,
because plant health testing does not fit very well into the QA-systems that traditionally were developed for chemical or
physical testing laboratories. External pressure is often the only way to generate this motivation factor amongst staff and
management to initiate the development of QA-systems. The principal motivation factor in our laboratory was a national requirement
that official testing laboratories should implement QA-systems. At the Danish Plant Directorate (PD) we have gained experiences
with accreditation of plant health diagnostic methods during the past 5 years. The focus of this paper is a presentation of
the consequences and the practical approach to comply with the requirements of ISO 17025 in our plant health diagnostic laboratory.
This includes the themes: staff competence and responsibilities, documentation and traceability, and continuous assessment
and improvement of the QA-system. 相似文献
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Dinham B 《Pest management science》2003,59(5):575-582
Vegetables attract high applications of pesticides, and farmers in developing countries use many acutely toxic insecticides to control pests on these crops. With the liberalisation of agricultural markets in developing countries, the number of small-scale farmers growing vegetables for both domestic and export markets is increasing. Demand for supplies of year-round and exotic fruit and vegetables has grown in industrialised countries, but with rising quality standards and traceability requirements it is difficult for small-scale farmers to benefit from this lucrative non-traditional agricultural export trade. The demand is high for vegetables in the expanding cities in developing countries, and farmers in peri-urban areas, or rural areas with good access to the cities, are in a position to find a growing market for their produce. Poor storage facilities will often mean that farmers are forced to sell at peak times when prices are low. Farmers rarely have access to training in pesticide use, and have only limited or no access to advice on the complicated management of pesticides. The Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UN is concerned about high levels of poor quality and adulterated pesticides on sale in developing countries. Surveys repeatedly show that without training, farmers are unable to make good crop decisions: recognition of pests and their predators is generally low, leading to decisions to spray to kill any insect; knowledge of product selection, application rates and timing is poor; different products are often combined in the belief that the effect will be greater; re-entry periods after spraying and essential harvest intervals are not known; and without knowledge of alternatives, farmers will often assume that the only solution to pest problems is to spray more frequently. From a consumer's point of view, few developing countries are able to monitor pesticide residues, particularly for produce grown for home consumption: most countries do not have laboratories for even simple residue testing. Changes in European Maximum Residue Limits means that export crops will be rejected if they contain residues at the Limit of Detection of pesticides not registered in Europe. Season-long field level training in Integrated Pest Management can help farmers to become better decision-makers, and to greatly reduce pesticide use while reducing risks to their own health and environment, producing safer products for consumers, maintaining yields, and increasing incomes. 相似文献
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Electronic identification systems for reducing diagnostic workloads after disease outbreak 
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下载免费PDF全文 A. Panattoni E. Rinaldelli A. Materazzi R. Bandinelli L. De Bellis A. Luvisi 《Plant pathology》2018,67(3):750-756
Diagnostic tests for grapevine viruses subjected to phytosanitary rules involve a heavy workload for plant protection services and laboratories. Propagation schemes enable nurseries, where mother plants (MPs) are cultivated, to be linked to batches of certified plants (CPs). This approach entails post‐production checks of MPs once infection occurs in CPs. However, this traceability system is not tight and follow ups are demanding. This study assessed radio frequency identification (RFID) tagging of plants in terms of its ability to reduce laboratory workloads for nursery health checks. RFID‐tagged plants (RFID‐CPs) were produced from individually tagged MPs (RFID‐MPs) or row‐tagged MPs (RFID‐ROW, a less expensive approach). In a 10‐year case study, the health status of CPs and RFID‐CPs were assessed and the occurrence of infections then led to health checks in MPs, RFID‐MPs or RFID‐ROWs. Laboratory workloads were evaluated by considering two sampling methods (single or pool sampling). Using single sampling, the workload was reduced by 93–98% in RFID‐ROW or RFID‐MP checks compared to the conventional approach. Considerable reductions in workload due to the tagging system (93–96%) were also observed using pool sampling. Traceability of CPs and MPs using RFID reduces laboratory workloads, and supports emergency measures that can be taken to stop any unsafe sales of plants after a virus outbreak. 相似文献
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利用生物信息学方法,对4个禾本科物种玉米、高粱、二穗短柄草和水稻的NAC基因家族进行鉴定和系统进化分析。结果表明：4个禾本科物种共556个NAC 基因可以聚类为6个进化枝;物种内NAC转录因子有相似的理化性质,但在进化枝上又表现出差异,进化枝1、2、3和进化枝4、5、6分别表现出相似的相对分子质量,进化枝1、2、3、5表现出相似的等电点,进化枝4、6表现出相似的等电点;4个物种共鉴定出27个含跨膜结构域的NAC基因,并且大部分（88.9%）都位于进化枝4上;使用溯源法共鉴定出174个禾本科祖先基因,每个物种NAC基因丢失和保留都存在差异;基因复制分析发现,串联复制对禾本科NAC基因家族扩张贡献明显（20.3%,113/556）,而玉米的大片段复制事件对玉米NAC基因家族扩张贡献明显（30.5%,50/164）;干旱胁迫下玉米转录表达分析鉴定出51个差异表达基因,且不同组织内的差异表达基因数目存在差异,叶和雌穗内的差异表达基因数目多于雄穗。 相似文献
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明确我国当前小麦审定和区试品种含有的抗白粉病基因, 可为这些品种在小麦抗病育种中的应用及品种合理布局和轮换提供依据。本研究采用24个不同毒性的小麦白粉菌菌株对36个小麦审定和区试品种(系)进行抗白粉病基因推导, 参试品种(系)与46个已知抗病基因小麦品种(系)抗谱比较的结果表明, 11个小麦审定品种中有5个品种对所有供试白粉菌菌株表现抗性, 结合亲本溯源, 推测其中有3个品种可能携有Pm21基因; 另外6个审定品种中有5个品种可能含有抗病基因Pm2, 且其对应的亲本或亲本组合中含有抗病基因Pm2。25个区试品种(系)中有3个可能含有Pm21, 10个含有Pm2, 1个含有Pm2+6,2个含有Pm4b,1个含有Pm8。另外, 参试的36个品种(系)中还有9个品种(系)和已知基因品种抗谱存在一定差异。总体上, 推导出已知基因的品种以含有Pm2基因的品种最多, Pm21基因的品种次之, 建议在生产上加强对Pm21基因品种(系)特别是已审定的携有Pm21基因品种的推广和应用, 应该注意一些省份在育种和生产上应慎用或少用含Pm2基因的品种(系)。 相似文献
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关于水资源管理的几个问题的探讨 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17
水资源持续开发和永续利用是实现经济、社会和生态环境持续、协调发展的前提条件之一。加强水资源管理是实现水资源持续开发和永续利用的关键。本文认为要实现水资源的科学管理必须明确以下几个问题：水资源管理是以实现水资源的持续开发和永续利用为最终归宿；水资源管理应尽快完成由供给管理向需求管理的转变；明确水资源经济价值管理和环境价值管理方式的差异性；水资源管理应尽快上升为水资源资产化管理；我国干旱地区更要重视水资源的科学管理。 相似文献
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澳大利亚墨累-达令河流域水管理体制对我国的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在应对严峻干旱挑战,解决各种水资源利用问题的过程中,澳大利亚墨累-达令河流域已形成了较为成功的水管理模式,其成功经验包括：注重流域尺度管理;决策层、执行层、协调层三层协调配合;采用封顶和水权交易等市场化管理手段;州际协议基础上发展起来的健全流域管理法律体系等。借鉴其成功经验,结合我国流域管理特点和现状,我国应通过省市协议等方式强化流域尺度管理,强化各流域委员会的职权;在管理组织框架设置上,充分体现整体流域管理的思路,细化公众参与方式;深化我国市场化经济在流域管理中的运用;建立健全流域管理法律体系,保证实施整体流域管理制度。 相似文献