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1.
大黄鱼为石首鱼科黄鱼属,俗称黄瓜鱼.其肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,营养丰富,是福建省独具特色的海水网箱养殖的主要品种.罗源湾位于福建罗源县东南部,半封闭型海湾,潮汐动力强,湾内水面平静,海床格局稳定,是水产养殖的良好场所.近几年来随着人工网箱养殖规模的不断扩大和养殖密度高、网箱布局不合理以及罗源湾养殖环境变化,导致养殖病害频繁发生,限制了人工养殖大黄鱼的发展.其中寄生虫的危害重以白点病的危害最为严重,成为制约大黄鱼养殖业发展的主要因素.据调查,2005～2010年,白点病均引起了罗源湾较大的经济损失.本文就大黄鱼的刺激隐核虫引起的白点病进行介绍. 相似文献
2.
孢子虫是寄生在淡水鱼类的原生动物中种类最多,分布最广的一类寄生虫。在我国淡水鱼类中寄生的孢子虫,已知道的种类按分类系统包括四大类,即球虫、粘孢子虫、微孢子虫和单孢子虫,其中以球虫和粘孢子虫对鱼的危害最大。 黄壁庄水库网箱养殖中出现了两种孢子虫,一种是粘孢子虫中的鲮单极虫,另一种是微孢子虫中的赫氏格留虫(主要感染体表,没发现引起鱼体死亡),前一种在几年的网箱养殖中危 相似文献
3.
辽宁西部海域主要食用鱼类寄生虫感染情况初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用鱼类全身性寄生虫学检查法,在辽宁西部海域随机抽检主要食用鱼类19种共计769尾,其中养殖鱼类4种202尾、野生鱼类15种567尾,发现该海域19种食用鱼类感染体内外寄生虫15种,分别隶属于6纲12科15属。在统计感染率和感染强度的基础上,确定优势虫种为异尖线虫科的3属幼虫:宫脂线虫属幼虫、对盲囊线虫属幼虫、异尖线虫属幼虫,野生和养殖鱼类均有较高的感染率,而针对4种养殖鱼类而言,尤其是牙鲆和大菱鲆,其优势虫种为指状拟舟虫和刺激隐核虫,在各个鱼类养殖场中均有较高的感染率和发病率。 相似文献
4.
草鱼是近几年在市场上受到广泛欢迎的鱼类，其肉质柔嫩、味道鲜美，是一种值得广泛推广的养殖鱼类。但草鱼的生长对养殖环境也有一定的要求，只有在符合科学养殖的条件下才能保证草鱼的成活率，取得期望的经济效益。网箱养殖草鱼是一种在水库或流动水域里放置网箱来保证草鱼养殖环境的养殖方式。本文就网箱养殖草鱼成活率来进行技术探讨。 相似文献
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我国鱼类寄生虫病现状及防治对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着集约化水产养殖的发展,由寄生虫引起的鱼类流行病频繁暴发,造成了较大的经济损失.国内的许多学者对鱼类寄生虫病进行了大量的调查研究,主要在鱼类寄生虫病的危害、寄生虫病流行的季节动态以及寄生虫病的区系发生情况等生态方面做了较为广泛的研究工作,摸清了许多鱼类寄生虫的种类、分布及流行病学特点,对有目的的防治鱼类寄生虫病提供了科学的依据.文章提出了一些防治鱼类寄生虫病的常用方法和新的研究方向. 相似文献
8.
重金属是一种来源于自然或人为的环境污染物，具有毒性、不可降解性和生物累积性，进入水生环境后会造成水体重金属质量浓度超标，导致鱼类等水生生物病变和死亡，通过食物链给人类带来潜在健康风险，一直以来是渔业养殖健康发展过程中需要重点关注的问题之一。文章基于当前鱼类主要养殖模式[池塘养殖、网箱养殖、循环水养殖系统(recirculating aquaculture systems, RAS)],综述了不同国家、不同鱼类养殖模式下重金属在养殖水体和养殖鱼体中的分布规律，以及重金属在养殖鱼体内不同组织器官的分布规律与含量变化特征，以期为不同鱼类养殖模式的选择及鱼类养殖重金属污染防治提供参考。 相似文献
9.
本文主要报道海水网箱养殖的大黄鱼受体外寄生虫侵害发病 ,通过实验室检查发现为贝尼登虫 ,及时外用敌百虫和硫酸铜 ,同时内服抗生素防止继发感染 ,达到治疗效果 相似文献
10.
1种类
网箱的种类以箱体的装配方式、有无盖网，分为封闭式和敞口式网箱。养殖滤食性鱼类或在风浪较大的水域设置网箱及需要越冬的水面设置网箱一般采用封闭式网箱，在风浪较小的水域养殖吃食性鱼类或养殖鱼种一般采用敞口式网箱。 相似文献
11.
This review deals with waterborne zoonotic helminths, many of which are opportunistic parasites spreading directly from animals to man or man to animals through water that is either ingested or that contains forms capable of skin penetration. Disease severity ranges from being rapidly fatal to low-grade chronic infections that may be asymptomatic for many years. The most significant zoonotic waterborne helminthic diseases are either snail-mediated, copepod-mediated or transmitted by faecal-contaminated water. Snail-mediated helminthiases described here are caused by digenetic trematodes that undergo complex life cycles involving various species of aquatic snails. These diseases include schistosomiasis, cercarial dermatitis, fascioliasis and fasciolopsiasis. The primary copepod-mediated helminthiases are sparganosis, gnathostomiasis and dracunculiasis, and the major faecal-contaminated water helminthiases are cysticercosis, hydatid disease and larva migrans. Generally, only parasites whose infective stages can be transmitted directly by water are discussed in this article. Although many do not require a water environment in which to complete their life cycle, their infective stages can certainly be distributed and acquired directly through water. Transmission via the external environment is necessary for many helminth parasites, with water and faecal contamination being important considerations. Human behaviour, particularly poor hygiene, is a major factor in the re-emergence, and spread of parasitic infections. Also important in assessing the risk of infection by water transmission are human habits and population density, the prevalence of infection in them and in alternate animal hosts, methods of treating sewage and drinking water, and climate. Disease prevention methods, including disease surveillance, education and improved drinking water treatment are described. 相似文献
12.
Karanis P 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2000,107(8):311-315
Human- and veterinary important parasites of the subkingdom of protozoans and helminths infect humans and animals by ingestion of parasites in contaminated water. The parasites are excreted from the body of infected humans, livestock, zoo animals, companion animals or wild animals in the feces. Recreational waters, agricultural practices and wild animals serve as vehicles of transmission of the parasites in the water supplies. The following topics are addressed: a) the life cycles of parasitic diseases-causing agents with proven or potential transmission via water b) the development and the current research status of the analytical techniques for the detection of parasitic diseases-causing agents from water c) the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in surface water supplies and in treated water d) the possible water sources and transmission ways of the parasites into the water supplies e) the behaviour and the possibilities for the removal or elimination of the parasites by water treatment. 相似文献
13.
Getchell JK Vatta AF Motswatswe PW Krecek RC Moerane R Pell AN Tucker TW Leshomo S 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2002,73(4):177-184
A participatory research model was used in six village communities in the Central Region of the North West Province of South Africa in order to achieve the following broad objectives: to obtain information on the challenges owners face in raising livestock in these areas and to evaluate the livestock owners' level of knowledge of internal parasites in their animals. Information obtained at participatory workshops clearly indicated a need for improvements in water supply, schools, job creation, and health services. Lack of pasture for grazing livestock was also cited as being important. Other most frequently mentioned livestock problems included 'gall sickness' (a vaguely defined condition not necessarily referring to anaplasmosis), parasites (both external and internal), chicken diseases and ingestion of plastic bags discarded in the environment. When livestock owners were questioned during individual interviews, most were able to identify the presence of parasites in either the live or dead animal. However, it seems likely that this is limited to the identification of tapeworms. It was found that most livestock owners use a combination of treatments, ranging from traditional to folklore to commercial. There were some difficulties in using the participatory methods since it was the first time that the facilitators and the communities had been exposed to them. Many communities had difficulty in dealing with the concept of finding solutions within the community, which is such an integral part of participatory methods. 相似文献
14.
Livestock are commonly infected with protozoan parasites of the genera Cryptosporidium and Giardia, and some of the species and genotypes found in these animals have zoonotic significance. We characterized isolates of both parasites recovered from the Italian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), an economically important species whose milk is used for the production of "buffalo mozzarella" fresh cheese. Molecular analysis of the Cryptosporidium small subunit ribosomal DNA gene and of the Giardia beta-giardin gene shows the presence of both zoonotic parasites (Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis assemblage A) and host-specific parasites (G. duodenalis assemblage E), suggesting that water buffaloes can contribute to environmental contamination with oocysts and cysts potentially infectious to humans if their faeces are improperly disposed of. On the other hand, mozzarella cheese is probably a safe product, given that its production involves the treatment of cheese curd at 85-95 degrees C, which is likely to kill or inactivate the parasites. 相似文献
15.
Hunt PW 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,180(1-2):12-46
Since 1977, >2000 research papers described attempts to detect, identify and/or quantify parasites, or disease organisms carried by ecto-parasites, using DNA-based tests and 148 reviews of the topic were published. Despite this, only a few DNA-based tests for parasitic diseases are routinely available, and most of these are optional tests used occasionally in disease diagnosis. Malaria, trypanosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis and cryptosporidiosis diagnosis may be assisted by DNA-based testing in some countries, but there are very few cases where the detection of veterinary parasites is assisted by DNA-based tests. The diagnoses of some bacterial (e.g. lyme disease) and viral diseases (e.g. tick borne encephalitis) which are transmitted by ecto-parasites more commonly use DNA-based tests, and research developing tests for these species makes up almost 20% of the literature. Other important uses of DNA-based tests are for epidemiological and risk assessment, quality control for food and water, forensic diagnosis and in parasite biology research. Some DNA-based tests for water-borne parasites, including Cryptosporidium and Giardia, are used in routine checks of water treatment, but forensic and food-testing applications have not been adopted in routine practice. Biological research, including epidemiological research, makes the widest use of DNA-based diagnostics, delivering enhanced understanding of parasites and guidelines for managing parasitic diseases. Despite the limited uptake of DNA-based tests to date, there is little doubt that they offer great potential to not only detect, identify and quantify parasites, but also to provide further information important for the implementation of parasite control strategies. For example, variant sequences within species of parasites and other organisms can be differentiated by tests in a manner similar to genetic testing in medicine or livestock breeding. If an association between DNA sequence and phenotype has been demonstrated, then qualities such as drug resistance, strain divergence, virulence, and origin of isolates could be inferred by DNA-based tests. No such tests are in clinical or commercial use in parasitology and few tests are available for other organisms. Why have DNA-based tests not had a bigger impact in veterinary and human medicine? To explore this question, technological, biological, economic and sociological factors must be considered. Additionally, a realistic expectation of research progress is needed. DNA-based tests could enhance parasite management in many ways, but patience, persistence and dedication will be needed to achieve this goal. 相似文献
16.
Didier ES Stovall ME Green LC Brindley PJ Sestak K Didier PJ 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,126(1-2):145-166
Microsporidia are single-celled, obligate intracellular parasites that were recently reclassified from protozoa to fungi. Microsporidia are considered a cause of emerging and opportunistic infections in humans, and species infecting humans also infect a wide range of animals, raising the concern for zoonotic transmission. Persistent or self-limiting diarrhea are the most common symptoms associated with microsporidiosis in immune-deficient or immune-competent individuals, respectively. Microsporidian spores appear to be relatively resistant under environmental conditions, and species of microsporidia infecting humans and animals have been identified in water sources, raising concern about water-borne transmission. Sensitive and specific immunomagnetic bead separation and PCR-based methods are being developed and applied for detecting microsporidia in infected hosts and water sources for generating more reliable prevalence data. The most effective drugs for treating microsporidiosis in humans currently include albendazole, which is effective against the Encephalitozoon species but not against Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and fumagillin, which has broader anti-microsporidia activity but is toxic in mammals, suggesting a need to identify better drugs. Strategies to capture and disinfect microsporidia in water are being developed and include filtration, coagulation, chlorination, gamma-irradiation, and ozonation. 相似文献
17.
Of 117 imported psittacine birds examined for the presence of blood parasites, 18 (15-3 per cent) were found to be infected. The most common parasites were microfilaria and Haemoproteus, but Aegyptianella and a Trypanosoma sp were also observed. Haemoproteus handai was diagnosed in several birds and for the first time in lesser sulphur-crested cockatoos. The significance of the parasites observed is discussed and also that of other haematozoa recorded from psittacines but not found during the present survey. 相似文献
18.
The breeding of wild animals for commercial purposes is becoming more frequent nowadays. This situation has led to an increase
in contact rates between wild and domestic animals, with subsequent reciprocal transmission of parasites. In this study, we
characterized the gastrointestinal and blood parasites of a group of 15 semi-captive guanacos (Lama guanicoe). We characterized gastrointestinal parasites by analyzing fecal samples through the sedimentation–flotation technique and
hemoparasites by using blood smears stained with Giemsa. We found several gastrointestinal parasites including Nematoda and
protozoans. The most frequently found parasites were Nematodirus sp. and Eimeria sp. In contrast with previous studies, neither Cestoda nor Fasciola were found. The only hemoparasite detected was Mycoplasma haemolamae, a parasite already described in llamas and alpacas. We conclude that the most frequent gastrointestinal parasites of semi-captive
guanacos were nematodes and protozoans. Also, the hemoparasite M. haemolamae seems to be prevalent among captive populations of South American camelids. Finally, captive guanacos share several parasites
with the traditional livestock. Therefore, keeping captive or semi-captive guanacos without an adequate sanitary protocol
might have adverse consequences to adjacent traditional cattle farming and/or for wild animals. 相似文献
19.
通过粘取恒河猴体颈下、腋下、胸前和腹股沟等处的毛发并刮取表皮组织制片,置于显微镜下观察,对疑似病例进行重点检查并采取相应的预防治疗措施。结果发现感染体外寄生虫的恒河猴多为虱子和螨虫,虱子感染时可在恒河猴的毛发上观察到大量的附着虫卵,感染螨虫时可发现有大量皮屑的生成。所以定期检疫人工饲养的恒河猴,对于及时预防和治疗体外寄生虫是非常重要的,将有利于保证动物的健康和动物质量。 相似文献
20.
Thomas M Craig 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2003,19(3):661-78, vi-vii
To control parasitic disease in cattle, one first has to determine what parasites he or she is trying to control--nuisance and biting flies in a milking parlor or ticks on range cattle? The determination may be based on geographic location, class of cattle, and their management. After determining what is there, then if the numbers are sufficient, justify treatment. Each livestock producer has a different array of parasites with which to deal, and in some circumstances, parasitic disease is below the economic threshold. Others may have occasional clinical disease associated with parasites, but most have situations in which the potential of economic loss is high enough to justify control. 相似文献