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石斛内生细菌DEB-2对5种辣椒病原真菌的抑制作用 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了探明石斛内生细菌DEB-2菌株对贵州辣椒病原真菌的抑制作用,采用生长速率法测定了菌株DEB-2发酵液对辣椒黑斑病病原菌Alternaria alternate、辣椒疫病病原菌Phytophthora capsici、辣椒黑点炭疽病病原菌Colletotrichum capsici、辣椒红色炭疽病病原菌Colletotrichum gloesporioide和辣椒早疫病病原菌Alternaria solani的毒力。结果显示,内生菌DEB-2菌株能显著抑制5种辣椒病原真菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发,菌丝尖端均有不同程度变粗、膨大、崩解或者菌丝分枝增多的现象;分生孢子及芽管产生畸形。DEB-2菌株发酵液对5种病原菌菌丝生长的抑制中浓度EC50值分别是28.5、76.2、80.7、79.9、72.0 μL/mL;对辣椒疫病病原菌和早疫病病原菌分生孢子萌发的EC50分别为73.5 μL/mL和68.7 μL/mL。研究表明,DEB-2菌株能有效地同时抑制5种辣椒病原真菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发,对该5种辣椒真菌病原菌具有一定的生防潜力,可作为生防菌进行开发和应用。 相似文献
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为明确引起福建省大豆炭疽病的病原菌种类,2018—2019年从福建省福州、三明、莆田、泉州和南平市采集具有大豆炭疽病症状的大豆豆荚,采用组织分离法分离病原菌,结合形态学特征和多基因系统发育分析对病原菌进行鉴定。结果表明,从采集的豆荚样本中共分离获得152株炭疽菌菌株,经形态学初步鉴定分属于3种类型,从3种类型的病原菌中分别选取3株代表菌株进行多基因系统发育分析,这9株代表菌株分别与Colletotrichum plurivorum、平头炭疽菌C.truncatum和胶孢炭疽菌C.gloeosporioides聚在一起。形态学和多基因系统发育分析结果表明,引起福建省大豆炭疽病的病原菌有3种,分别为C.plurivorum、平头炭疽菌和胶孢炭疽菌,其占比分别为10.53%、50.00%、39.47%。致病性测定结果表明,C.plurivorum、平头炭疽菌和胶孢炭疽菌对大豆均有致病作用,但不同的菌株致病力存在差异。表明平头炭疽菌是引起福建省大豆炭疽病的主要病原菌,而C.plurivorum为引起我国大豆炭疽病的新纪录种。 相似文献
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枣缩果病病原子实体的诱导和鉴定 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
１９９２～１９９６年作者对枣缩果病病原研究认为该病由Ｃｏｎｉｏｔｈｙｒｉｕｍｓｐ．（Ｃ．ｓｐ）、Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａａｌｔｅｒ－ｎａｔａｆ．ｓｐ．ｔｅｎｕｉｓ和一种半知菌亚门有隔有色丝状菌等多病原引起。经室内外对上述病原菌的子实体诱导，以及越冬后自然病果上子实体的发现，病原菌Ｃ．ｓｐ．经再鉴定为Ｃ．ｏｌｉｖａｃｅｕｍＢｏｎ，另一病原菌半知菌亚门有隔有色丝状菌订名为群生小穴壳菌ＤｏｔｈｉｏｒｅｌａｇｒｅｇａｒｉａＳａｃｃ。至此明确引起枣缩果病的病原为Ｃ．ｏｌｉｖａｃｅｕｍ、Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａａｌｔｅｒｎａｔａｆ．ｓｐ．ｔｅｎｕｉｓ、Ｄｏｔｈｉｏｒｅｌａｇｒｅｇａｒｉａ和一种细菌（待鉴定） 相似文献
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甘肃辣椒疫病病原与流行因素的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
辣椒疫病危害甜椒(Capsicum frutescens L.var.grossum Bail.)、牛角椒(Capsicum frutescens L.var.longum Bail.)根部显示根腐症状,危害茎基部显示黑胫症状。7月份多雨、22℃以上高温持续9天,或22℃以上高温持续17天情况下,给辣椒地灌水是辣椒疫病大流行的决定因素。通过对病原菌的研究,明确了引起甘肃境内辣椒疫病的病原菌为辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici Leonian)。 相似文献
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麦冬主要病害病原菌巢式多重PCR检测方法的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为准确快速地诊断浙江省慈溪市麦冬常见真菌病害——炭疽病和黑斑病,基于巢式多重PCR技术,针对核糖体内转录间隔区（ITS）序列分别设计特异性引物,并优化巢式多重PCR反应条件,建立可同时快速准确检测炭疽病病原菌山麦冬炭疽菌Colletotrichum liriopes和黑斑病病原菌互隔交链孢菌Alternaria alternata的方法。结果表明,建立的巢式多重PCR检测体系特异性好,同时检测2种病原菌的灵敏度高达100 pg DNA/μL,对10个田间病样进行检测,有5个病样检测到2种病原菌,3个病样检测到其中1种病原菌,2个样品未检测到目标病原菌,验证了该体系的可行性与准确性。表明所建立的巢氏多重PCR技术可用于快速准确检测麦冬2种主要病害的病原菌。 相似文献
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为明确贵州省黑皮鸡枞蛛网病病原菌的分类地位、生物学特性及其有效防控药剂,分别从贵州省黄平县、贞丰县和剑河县采集典型发病黑皮鸡枞样品,并对其致病菌进行分离,通过致病性测定、形态学鉴定和多基因（ITS、TEF-1α、RPB1、RPB2）序列分析对疑似病原菌进行鉴定,并对其主要生物学特性进行测定,采用菌丝生长速率法分析22种药剂对病原菌的抑制效果。结果显示,通过柯赫氏法则验证分离物2020010406为黑皮鸡枞蛛网病病原菌,并结合形态学特征和多基因系统发育分析结果将其鉴定为Cladobotryum asterophorum;该病原菌菌丝体生长的最适温度为30℃,最适pH为6,可溶性淀粉和酵母粉分别为其最适碳、氮源;在供试10种化学药剂中,丙环唑、咪鲜胺锰盐和三唑酮的抑菌效果较好,EC50分别为0.816、3.974和4.604 μg/mL;供试12种生物源药剂中,丁子香酚和蛇床子素的抑菌效果最为突出,EC50分别为0.000 2 μg/mL和0.006 μg/mL,表明生物源药剂对黑皮鸡枞蛛网病的防控效果好,且毒性低,具有较好的应用潜力。 相似文献
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Wang H Li W Chen Q Huang Y Li K Xia H Wang M Cai L Shang S Shi J 《Phytopathology》2012,102(3):267-271
A simple, rapid, small-scale microbioassay for infection of tobacco seedlings by Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae was developed here. This assay uses tobacco seedlings cultivated in petri dishes for a standardized method for quantitation of initial zoospore inocula and high-throughput screening of antagonistic bacteria. Zoospore inocula between 10(2) to 10(5) spores per petri dish were inoculated on 14-day-old tobacco seedlings for the susceptibility test. The optimum inocula was established to be ten thousand zoospores. One hundred and fifty pure culture bacteria with different pigments, growth rates, and morphologies were isolated from rhizosphere soil of tobacco and screened for protective ability against tobacco black shank. Fifteen bacteria presented high activity against P. parasitica on tobacco seedlings. They were identified by Biolog GEN III MicroPlate and distributed as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, Paenibacillus pabuli, B. atrophaeus, B. subtilis, B. pumilus, and B. endophyticus, respectively. Four antagonists chosen randomly from the 15 bacteria all exhibited the same 100% protective activity in planta as that in the petri dishes. This microassay proved to be a rapid, reproducible, and efficient method for screening of potential biological agents or microorganisms and may be useful for studying mechanisms of infection and control of Phytophthora spp. under hydroponic conditions. 相似文献
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When grown in mixtures with equal numbers of wheat plants Satvia reflexa was found not to be a strong competitor. The height and inflorescence dry weight of wheat was increased by watering the mixtures from above ihe foliage. These effects were accentuated by moisture stress. Aqueous leachatcs oi S. refiexa foliage were found (o inhibit the germination and/or early growth of wheat grown on filter paper in petri dishes and in different soil lypes. 相似文献
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P Mirovsky 《Folia parasitologica》1989,36(2):107-112
The growth of six strains of Plasmodium falciparum in 5% CO2, 5% O2, 90% N2 and normal air atmosphere was determined daily by microscopical examination of blood films. All strains were able to grow in flasks without additional gas mixture but significantly lower parasitaemia was observed within the first five days of cultivation. Attempt at cultivating in petri dishes without candle jar technique failed but parasites survived in plasticine sealed dishes. The cultivation in air cannot be recommended for cultures initiated from cryopreserved material or low parasitaemia (0.1-0.3%) cultures. 相似文献
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在双孢蘑菇上发现一种新的病原菌:点枝顶孢菌(Acremonium strictum W.)。该菌侵染双孢蘑菇的子实体,形成不规则的褐色斑块,大小为(2-15)mm×(3-20)mm,病斑凹陷于菌肉或穿过菌肉组织直至菌褶,深达2-13 mmo病斑干枯不腐烂,俗你黑疤病或褐疤病。通过人工接菌观察了病害症状、发病规律、培养特性、形态特征,以及温度、pH对菌丝体生长和孢子萌发的影响。经室内外药剂筛选试验,明确克霉灵、甲醛、硫酸铜和石灰水可有效杀灭该病菌。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Coverless petri dishes with water suspensions of sporangia and zoospores of Phytophthora infestans were embedded in sandy soil in eastern Washington in July and October 2001 and July 2002 to quantify longevity of spores in water under natural conditions. Effects of solar radiation intensity, presence of soil in petri dishes (15 g per dish), and a 2-h chill period on survival of isolates of clonal lineages US-8 and US-11 were investigated. Spores in water suspensions survived 0 to 16 days under nonshaded conditions and 2 to 20 days under shaded conditions. Mean spore survival significantly increased from 1.7 to 5.8 days when soil was added to the water. Maximum survival time of spores in water without soil exposed to direct sunlight was 2 to 3 days in July and 6 to 8 days in October. Mean duration of survival did not differ significantly between chilled and nonchilled sporangia, but significantly fewer chilled spores survived for extended periods than that of nonchilled spores. Spores of US-11 and US-8 isolates did not differ in mean duration of survival, but significantly greater numbers of sporangia of US-8 survived than did sporangia of US-11 in one of three trials. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Isothiocyanates (ITCs) released by the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates in the Brassicaceae are potentially useful for controlling fungal pathogens. In vitro activity of pure ITCs against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary was studied by adding them to glass filters in petri dishes and dissolving them in the growing media. RESULTS: Methyl, allyl and benzyl ITCs were the most fungitoxic of the compounds in bioassays with S. sclerotiorum isolate Ss31. In the volatile phase, mycelial growth was completely inhibited by these three compounds. Aromatic ITCs were less toxic in the petri dishes but were more toxic than aliphatic ITCs when dissolved in the agar. Benzyl ITC exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on sclerotial germination, with an EC50 value of 75.1 µmol L?1. Butyl and benzyl ITCs reduced apothecial production of S. sclerotiorum by 92.5% at the highest concentration. In in vivo assay, only allyl and 2‐phenylethyl ITCs reduced disease incidence (by 76.7 and 70% respectively) at low concentrations. CONCLUSION: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the soil might be suppressed by the higher concentrations of allyl and benzyl ITCs released from decomposition of Brassica juncea, B. carinata, B. nigra and Sinapis spp. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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经研究,白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao与哈氏肿腿蜂Sclerodermus harmandi (Buysson)均可寄生锈色粒肩天牛Apriona swainsoni(Hope)的低龄幼虫,可用于该害虫的生物防治。为了探讨其学习行为,采用Y-型嗅觉仪、培养皿两种方法,测定了锈色粒肩天牛虫粪及其寄主植物——国槐韧皮部的气味刺激对交配后的白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂和哈氏肿腿蜂的雌蜂嗅觉记忆的影响。结果表明,这两种肿腿蜂在羽化后经过对上述两种气味源48h接触后,有学习经历的雌蜂对两种气味源的选择性比没有学习经历的雌蜂对气味源的选择性相比显著提高。在对气味源的搜寻判断上,有学习经历的雌蜂所用时间显著少于没有学习经历的雌蜂。培养皿试验表明,有学习经历的雌蜂对锈色粒肩天牛虫粪及国槐树枝韧皮部水提物或正丁烷提取物的趋向率要高于没有学习经历的雌蜂,但二者差异不显著。两种寄生蜂的嗅觉记忆具有一定的稳定性和持久性,当其脱离学习环境一定时间后,对气味源仍有较强的趋向性。 相似文献
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利用"京红1号"的21个单体系分别和矮杆、兼抗条锈和白粉病的冬小麦品种"原冬96"杂交。当年将所得种子萌发,经根尖染色体数目的鉴定后,在温室播种从2n=41的植株上套袋自交获得自交种子。在温室对单体系F2代,"京红1号"/"原冬96"的F1和F2代幼苗用条中25号小种接种,进行抗病性鉴定。卡方测验结果表明,,"原冬96"携带一对显性抗条锈病基因,位于4D染色体上。 相似文献
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采用室内培养皿法测试了狗尾草地上部分水浸提液对小麦、高梁、绿豆、黄瓜、萝卜等农作物和牛筋草（杂草）的化感作用。结果表明：狗尾草水浸提液对植物种子萌发和幼苗生长具有较高的化感抑制作用;当水浸提液的质量浓度为0．0250g／mL时,除绿豆外,小麦、黄瓜、萝卜和高粱等农作物的种子萌发均受到显著或极显著的抑制作用,其发芽率的彤值分别为-0．56、-0．17、-0．28、-0．27;在0．0500g／mL浸提液处理下,除黄瓜苗高、苗鲜重、根鲜重、绿豆根鲜重外,5种农作物根和苗的生长受到极显著的抑制,小麦、绿豆、黄瓜、萝卜、高粱根长的脚值分别为-0．75、-0．60、-0．61、～1．00、-0．61;当浸提液浓度为0．030g／mL时,牛筋草种子不能萌发,而小麦、绿豆的叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量则从生理生化水平反映出不同程度的化感效应。综合研究结果可知,狗尾草显示出极强的化感作用,为进一步分离、鉴定和开发环境友好型除草剂提供了理论依据和支持。 相似文献