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1.
《土壤通报》2020,(4)
作为土地整治的直接受益者,农户对工程质量的满意程度是评判土地整治工程建设效果的重要依据。本文以济南市2006～2016年实施的土地整治项目为例,基于土地整治项目区农户调查数据,采用顾客满意度调查评价法(CSI)对工程满意度进行评价,并采用二元Logistic模型对影响农户满意度的相关因素进行分析。结果显示:农户对土地整治的总体效果和各项工程建设管理的满意度评价结果均为比较满意,且生态条件改善满意度评价值最高,项目管理满意度评价值最低,总体来看,平原区农户满意度评价值高于山地丘陵区;16项评价指标的农户满意度评价结果显示,平原区各指标的农户满意度评价结果均为比较满意,而山地丘陵区的田块大小与平整农户满意度为一般,其他指标的满意度均为比较满意。整治前后粮食产量差异、对土地整治的了解程度和是否愿意转入土地3个因素对不同地形区的农户满意度都有较为明显的影响。此外,整治前后生产成本差异和是否愿意支持土地整治工作影响平原区农户满意度,而是否已转出土地和家庭构成影响山地丘陵区农户满意度。 相似文献
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基于累积logistic回归模型的重金属污染耕地轮作休耕治理满意度影响因素实证研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究农村重金属污染耕地轮作休耕治理满意度状况及其影响因素,为当前我国耕地重金属污染治理实施提供参考依据。基于湖南省4区县10个村镇400户调查数据,构建累积logistic回归模型,探究农村重金属污染耕地轮作休耕治理的满意度情况及其影响因素。研究发现受教育程度越高对当前环境治理的效果和收入满意度评价越积极,受教育程度每提高一个层次,满意度提高一个层次的可能性分别增加18%和24%;家庭收入与环境治理满意度及收入满意度呈负向影响,家庭收入每提高一个层次,满意度提高一个层次的可能性分别减少16%和10%;调查对象年龄越大对当前环境治理的效果评价越积极,年龄每增加一个时间段,满意度提高一个层次的可能性增加80%。相反,年龄对收入的满意度评价却呈负向影响,年龄每增加一个时间段,满意度降低一个层次的可能性增加10%;农户拥有耕地受污染程度与环境治理及收入满意度呈正向影响,农户自有耕地受污染程度越高,满意度提高的可能性分别增加23%和16%。加强农村重金属污染耕地治理政策与治理效果的及时宣传,切实提高农户家庭收入的质量和效率,稳步提升农业从业人员的平均受教育水平和环境认知水平、促进农户积极参与耕地保护和环境治理过程中。 相似文献
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[目的]研究水土流失地区精准扶贫政策对农户幸福指数的影响,为贫困地区可持续发展提供科学参考。[方法]通过构建农户幸福指数评价指标体系,采取熵值法与加权求和模型对精准扶贫政策影响下的云南省双柏县农户幸福指数进行评价。[结果]在农户幸福指数评价指标的权重中,排在前3位的分别是人均可支配收入、婚姻满意度、生态环境满意度评价指标;双柏县大多数农户对精准扶贫工作认同度较高,总体满意度平均值为67.55分,但是各乡镇农户对政策感知差异较大。收入增减满意度、政策后果满意度、政策宣传满意度是影响双柏县农户对精准扶贫政策总体满意度的关键因素;双柏县农户幸福指数的平均值为65.64分,各乡镇农户幸福指数差异较小,基本维持在59～71分之间。[结论]未来双柏县应以提升农户幸福感和减缓贫困为关键点和突破点,通过精准扶贫政策实现水土流失地区可持续发展。 相似文献
4.
以农户行为因素调查数据为基础对农户行为进行分析,结合研究区域实际,确定7大类因素为影响农户水土保持投入的主要因素,并进一步细化成14项具体指标。对各项指标与农户参与小流域综合治理意愿进行的相关性分析结果表明:农户兼业行为、非农收入占比、农业劳动人口比例、对已实施工程满意度和水土流失现状是影响农户参与小流域综合治理的主要限制因素;家庭收入来源以非农经济为主,特别是农户兼业行为可获取更多收益的农户往往不愿意参与小流域综合治理;家庭收入主要来源于农业,家庭农业人口比例较高,以及受水土流失危害影响较大的农户,参与小流域综合治理的意愿相对较高。针对以上问题,提出了激励农户参与小流域综合治理的相关建议,以进一步促进小流域综合治理取得良好效果。 相似文献
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6.
[目的]开展基于农户尺度经济视角的坡地利用现状和治理措施调查研究,了解陕南地区坡地弃耕原因,提高土地利用效率,完善坡耕地治理对策。[方法]根据农户尺度经济行为特点设计调查问卷,通过典型村庄农户调查,对陕西省商州区梯田和经济作物坡地的利用现状、经济收益和农民的治理需求进行研究;采用二项Logistic回归模型和比例分析法,研究陕南地区土地利用存在的问题;通过对比坡改梯治理措施效果的优缺点,提出坡地治理建议。[结果]调查共涉及6个村庄,93家农户。2018年农户家庭年均收入约为39 419元;农业生产收入主要来自经济作物,户年均约3 661元,仅占总收入的11.26%;坡耕地经济收入低,导致坡耕地和梯田弃耕现象严重,弃耕率高达15%;弃耕的原因主要有经济收入低,交通不便,农村劳动力不足,土地质量差产出低等因素。坡改梯是提高土地利用效率的重要措施,但仍存在易积水、土层薄等问题,对于梯田田坎类型,干砌石田坎在透水性和耐久性两方面综合性最好。[结论]陕南梯田和坡耕地弃耕现象严重,弃耕原因比较明确;在新的历史时期,需要综合考虑人口、经济效益和环境效益等因素,制定兼具生态与经济效益的水土保持治理与土地利用方案。 相似文献
7.
关中平原西部耕地季节性撂荒的农户行为机理研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示关中平原地区农户季节性撂荒的行为机理,基于实地调研所获取的342份数据,并利用计划行为理论以及结构方程模型等方法,探究了农户的行为态度、主观规范以及感知行为控制对农户撂荒行为的影响。结果表明:(1)农户的行为态度、主观规范经由行为意愿间接影响撂荒行为,感知行为控制从直接和间接两个方面产生影响;(2)行为特征因素中,感知行为控制对撂荒行为的直接影响效应最大,缺乏对撂荒耕地的认知、农田水利设施的缺失和劳动力供给的不足是造成耕地撂荒的关键因素;(3)行为态度上,农户既面临粮食种植的低效益,又受到粮食自给自足传统观念的影响,经济理性和传统文化的共同作用,促成了农户耕地季节性撂荒的态度;(4)主观规范上,个人性规范的效应最大,为遏制耕地季节性撂荒可以加强个人感知和道德约束。由此可以得出,农户主要是依据经济利益、个人感知以及水利设施不足来判断是否撂荒耕地,缓解季节性撂荒困境要为农户创造有利的耕种条件。 相似文献
8.
以共同富裕为目标组建的农民专业合作社,其服务质量和水平是影响合作社稳定持续发展的关键。基于河南、山西两省部分地区农民专业合作社的样本调查数据,从提高农民专业合作社服务质量的目的出发,利用SERVQUAL模型,结合农民专业合作社服务质量的特征和表现形式,筛选出了21个具有代表性的评价指标,构建了农民专业合作社服务质量评价体系,并对合作社的服务质量进行了差距分析和评价。结果表明:对于调查样本所涉及的合作社,农户感知的服务质量水平与期望的服务质量水平存在明显差异,特别是在技术培训、信息公开共享程度上差异较大,服务质量综合评价结果小于0,农户的满意度较低。说明目前的农民专业合作社在管理制度方面亟待完善,在服务方式和质量水平方面有待于改进和提高。 相似文献
9.
通过对长武王东沟村农户土地利用结构及经济收入的详细调查,揭示了2007年王东沟小流域不同收入类型农户的土地利用结构现状、1998-2007年的土地利用结构变化情况、产业结构和投入产出情况及其经济效益等.结果表明当前农户最主要的土地利用方式是果园和耕地.收入的主要来源是工副业和果业,各类型间农户收入及其构成差异显著.不同收入水平农户的效益差异与有自然条件、管理水平及劳动力水平等因素有关.提出王东沟小流域应结合目前政策形势调整农户种植结构,合理配置土地资源,发展第三产业以提高经济收入等建议. 相似文献
10.
农户参与保护农田生态环境意愿的影响因素实证分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用对武汉市农户的实地调查数据,以农户＂是否愿意减少化肥农药的施用量＂来衡量农户参与保护农田生态环境意愿的指标,运用Logistic模型对影响农户参与意愿的因素进行了计量分析。研究结果表明：（1）愿意参与保护农田生态环境的农户具有以下特征：女性居多,家庭农业收入比例较高,家庭人口数较少,农田质量高,灌溉设施好,区位条件优,对环境关注程度高,认为施用化肥对环境造成危害和迫切希望尽快治理环境。（2）农户参与农田生态环境保护的意愿与性别、农业收入比例、环境满意度呈显著正相关,与家庭人口数、灌溉条件、土地区位、施用化肥状况对环境有害认知呈显著负相关。提出加大农田生态环境的宣传力度,开展农田整治工作和改善农田生态环境等措施,增强农户参与保护农田生态环境的意愿。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
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Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献
20.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献