共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
为探究兰属杂交种红花的呈色机理,选择绿花春兰和黄花大花蕙兰的红花杂交种黄金梅为试验材料,通过小花蕾期和始花期花瓣的转录组测序分析,筛选影响花色的关键结构基因及调节基因,实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)验证基因的差异表达,分光光度计法检测花瓣色素(类黄酮、叶绿素A、叶绿素B、花青苷)的含量。结果表明,通过测序共获得113 780条单基因(Unigene),其中200~300 bp的Unigene占比42.68%;44 088 个Unigene获得注释信息;与小花蕾期花瓣比较,始花期花瓣上调基因有1 855个,下调基因有2 494 个;差异表达基因(DEGs)被GO数据库注释划分为47个功能组;1 219个DEGs被KEGG数据库注释,涉及166条代谢途径;根据KEGG代谢通路及基因注释结果,筛选出与花色相关的54个关键结构基因和21个转录因子;花青苷合成基因DFR、ANS、3,5GT及转录因子Zm1、Hv1、MYB305表达量在始花期上调, 在NCBI库BLAST同源基因发现黄金梅DFR、ANS、3GT基因与大花蕙兰的基因同源性最高,5,3GT、3,5GT、Zm1基因与蝴蝶兰和石斛兰的基因同源性最高,转录因子Hv1、MYB305与建兰的基因同源性最高。qPCR参试基因表达量变化与转录组测序结果趋势一致。各阶段花瓣总黄酮的含量显著高于类胡萝卜素和叶绿素含量;始花期花瓣中花青苷含量升高。本研究结果为兰属杂交种花色基因的功能分析提供了参考。 相似文献
2.
本研究从马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum cv．Chieftain）茎的愈伤组织中分离得到绿色、白色和红色3种愈伤组织,并利用鲜重法和分光光度法分别测量愈伤组织的生长量、叶绿素和花色苷的含量;通过半定量RT—PCR法分析4个花色苷生物合成相关基因的表达差异。结果表明：绿色愈伤组织生长最快,叶绿素含量最高,红色愈伤组织生长最慢,叶绿素含量最低;绿色和白色愈伤组织中几乎不含花色苷,红色愈伤组织中花色苷含量最高,达2．1OD513/mgFw;对CHS、F3H、DFR和F3’5’H四个花色苷生物合成相关基因表达分析发现,绿色和白色愈伤组织不合成花色苷可能与DFR基因不表达有关。本实验结果为进一步阐明花色昔生物合成机理和花色苷色素的生产应用提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
3.
以小型番茄Micro-Tom为材料,利用农杆菌介导法导入花青素调节基因VlmybA2.对抗性筛选出的再生植株进行GUS组织染色和PCR检测,证明外源基因已经整合到Micro-Tom中,转基因番茄根、茎、叶脉、果皮均呈紫色,花色为黄紫嵌合.而野生型的根为白色,茎、叶脉呈绿色,果皮为红色,花为黄色.对转基因番茄的花青素含量、叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率等生理指标进行测定,花青素含量有显著增加,叶绿素含量降低,VlmybA2基因过量表达会降低植株的光合效率,但对植株正常生长影响并不显著.VlmybA2基因既可增加抗衰老物质花青素含量,又可作为转基因植株的报告基因. 相似文献
4.
利用PCR方法从油菜(Brassica napus)基因组中扩增得到花瓣特异性启动子XY355,构建该启动子与玉米(Zea mays)花青素调节基因Lc的植物表达载体pXY60。通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导,将pXY60分别转化烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)和矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida)。对再生植株进行PCR检测,结果表明,外源基因已经整合到转基因烟草和矮牵牛的基因组中。观察发现,转基因植株的表型发生了明显变化:转基因烟草的花色由浅红变成了红色,转基因矮牵牛的花色由白色变成了浅紫色。 相似文献
5.
为从细胞水平上揭示刺葡萄3-O-类黄酮葡萄糖基转移酶(UFGT)基因调控花青素合成的功能,以刺葡萄愈伤组织为试验材料,根据刺葡萄愈伤组织转录组UFGT序列片段,利用RT-PCR结合RACE技术克隆得到VdUFGT基因,并对其进行生物信息学和表达特性分析。结果表明,VdUFGT基因cDNA和DNA开放阅读框(ORF)分别为1 371 bp和1 448 bp,包含2个外显子和1个内含子,编码456个氨基酸,为带负电荷的不稳定的亲水性蛋白,具有一个UDPGT结构域,是UDPGT超家族成员,包含UDP-黄酮糖基转移酶特征区域。由UFGT同源基因编码蛋白所构建的系统发育树,与植物进化的关系相一致,6个葡萄属植物聚为一支。RT-qPCR分析表明,刺葡萄红色愈伤组织VdUFGT转录水平极显著高于白色愈伤组织,培养25 d的2个细胞培养物差异可达79倍;在刺葡萄愈伤组织连续培养过程中,红色愈伤组织中VdUFGT转录水平变化幅度较大,在愈伤组织快速生长中期和衰老初期分别出现峰值,而刺葡萄白色愈伤组织VdUFGT转录水平与红色愈伤组织相比变化幅度不大,且始终维持在一个较低的水平。说明VdUFGT对刺葡萄红色愈伤组织细胞培养物中的花青素生物合成有重要的调控作用,这种调控作用主要发生在刺葡萄愈伤组织细胞快速生长中期和细胞衰老初期。本研究结果为进一步阐明VdUFGT调控刺葡萄细胞花青素合成的机制奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
6.
为解决葡萄园中由葡萄修剪产生的大量叶片残留问题,提高修剪产生的叶片的利用价值,本试验以8612、玫瑰香、红鸡心3个红叶葡萄品种和葡萄园皇后、玫瑰露、秋红3个绿叶葡萄品种不同发育时期的叶片为研究对象,利用MATLAB软件对整张叶片的图像数据进行提取,计算色差值;利用超高效液相-质谱法(LC-MS)检测花色苷的成分和含量,探讨不同发育时期叶片中花色苷不同组分的变化规律。结果表明,不同发育时期的红色和绿色叶片色差指数L*、a*、b*变化趋势明显不同,共检测到18种花色苷组分,包括花青素类(4种)、甲基花青素类(4种)、花翠素类(4种)、甲基花翠素类(2种)和二甲基花翠素类(4种)。以上5类花色苷在红色叶片中均被检测到,绿叶品种中未发现花翠素类和甲基花翠素类花色苷。花色苷定量结果显示,红色叶片不同发育时期花色苷含量为123.468~855.001 mg·100g-1,绿色叶片花色苷含量为4.407~44.517 mg·100g-1。甲基化类花色苷占比随叶片发育均逐渐增大。花色苷酰化修饰类型分析结果发现,香豆酰化类型花色苷含量高于其他酰化类型花色苷,在花色苷总含量中所占比例较高,而阿魏酰化和糖酰化类花色苷含量非常少。色差和不同类型花色苷成分的相关性分析结果表明,红色叶片的色差指数与更多类型的花色苷含量存在相关关系。红色葡萄叶片中花色苷种类丰富、含量较高,是花色苷类化合物的潜在来源,具有很大的利用价值。本研究通过对叶片中花色苷成分和含量进行了详细调查,为今后葡萄园中叶片的加工再利用提供了依据。 相似文献
7.
<SPAN style= 《农业生物技术学报》2007,15(1):85-89
利用PCR的方法从油菜(Brassica napus)基因组中扩增得到花瓣特异性启动子XY355，将XY355与玉米花青素调节基因Lc融合构建植物表达载体pXY60。用冻融法将pXY60转入根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）LBA4404，然后以烟草（Nicotiana tabaccum L.）和矮牵牛（Petunia hybrida）的叶盘为外植体，通过根癌农杆菌介导法进行遗传转化。对再生植株的PCR检测证明外源基因已经整合到转基因烟草和矮牵牛的基因组中。对转基因烟草和矮牵牛的表型进行观察：转Lc基因烟草的花色由浅红变成了红色，转Lc基因矮牵牛的花色由白色变成了浅紫色。 相似文献
8.
西南鸢尾花色变异实时定量PCR内参基因的筛选与验证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选适用于不同花色西南鸢尾花色合成途径相关基因表达分析的内参基因,本研究根据西南鸢尾及其白花变型白花西南鸢尾花蕾组织的转录组测序数据,筛选了6个常用内参基因(ɑ-TUB、β-TUB、AQP、ACT、GAPDH、UBQ),同时以百合18S做为对照内参基因,在西南鸢尾及其白花变型白花西南鸢尾的花蕾组织中,分别通过反转录PCR(RT-PCR)初筛和RT-qPCR检测表达量,并利用geNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper软件对7个候选内参基因的稳定性进行评价。RT-PCR初筛结果显示,7个候选内参基因引物的特异性均较好,在6个样品间没有明显差异;RT-qPCR分析表明,7个候选内参基因的表达量存在一定差异,其中18S表达量最高,UBQ最低;geNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper分析结果表明,ACT表现最稳定,最适合做为内参基因,β-TUB相对稳定性最低;以Actin为内参对西南鸢尾类黄酮/花青素和类胡萝卜素2类色素合成途径中部分相关基因的RT-qPCR分析结果与转录组测序结果相一致。本研究为鸢尾属植物花色素合成相关基因表达分析内参基因的筛选以及鸢尾属植物资源利用和花色育种研究提供了理论参考。 相似文献
9.
花青素还原酶(ANR)是类黄酮代谢途径下游合成原花青素的关键酶,对花青素含量有一定的负调控作用。为探索ANR基因在红花(Carthamus tinctorius L.)中的序列特征及其与红花花色的关系,采用反转录PCR方法从红花中克隆ANR基因,对其进行生物信息学和系统进化分析,并检测了其在不同花色红花品种的不同组织部位及不同花期的表达量。结果表明,CtANR最长开放阅读框(ORF)为1 020 bp, 编码339个氨基酸,分子量为37 958.28,理论等电点为5.87,为不稳定的亲水性蛋白,属于NADB-Rossmann超家族,二级结构主要由α-螺旋和无规卷曲组成。CtANR和刺菜蓟ANR的同源性最高,为83.98%,与刺菜蓟ANR的亲缘关系最近,与梅花、欧洲甜樱桃ANR的亲缘关系较远,模体基序相差较大。定量分析表明,红色和白色红花品种中,CtANR基因都是在果球形成初期表达量最低,其次是根和茎中表达量较低,而在花中的表达量相对较高。在花发育的不同时期,红色红花品种中CtANR基因的表达呈现降低-升高-降低的趋势,而白色红花品种中CtANR基因的表达呈现降低-升高的趋势。在不同花色的红花品种中,CtANR基因的表达量在花发育的S1、S3和S5时期差异极显著(P<0.01),S4、苞片、根、叶中差异显著(P<0.05),其他时期与其他组织中差异不显著。本研究为解析红花类黄酮生物合成的分子机制及红花花色相关基因的研究提供了理论基础。 相似文献
10.
11.
Suzuki T Kim SJ Mohamed ZI Mukasa Y Takigawa S Matsuura-Endo C Yamauchi H Hashimoto N Noda T Saito T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(23):9571-9575
The anthocyanin profiles and variety/breeding-line differences of anthocyanin concentrations in petals of common buckwheat flowers have been studied. Four anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin 3-O-rhamnoside, and cyanidin 3-O-galactosyl-rhamnoside were isolated from the petals of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), separated using high performance liquid chromatography and identified using reversed-phase liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry techniques. In every variety/breeding line tested, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside was detected as the major anthocyanin and the next is cyanidin 3-O-glucoside whereas cyanidin 3-O-rhamnoside and cyanidin 3-O-galactosyl-rhamnoside were trace or not detectable in white and pink flowered buckwheat. Of all the varieties/breeding lines tested, Gan-Chao, a Chinese variety, contained the highest amount of anthocyanins. The largest part of cyanidin moiety was presented as a proanthocyanidin form (PAs-Cy). Anthocyanins and PAs-Cy in petals were increased along with increase of flower development stages. Therefore, fully developed petals of red flowered buckwheat, especially Gan-Chao, are promising as a new anthocyanin-rich material for food processing. 相似文献
12.
Montefiori M McGhie TK Costa G Ferguson AR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(24):9526-9530
Kiwifruit cultivars (Actinidia chinensis and A. deliciosa) generally have fruit with yellow or green flesh when ripe. A small number of genotypes also have red pigments, usually restricted to the inner pericarp but varying in intensity and in distribution within the fruit. Carotenoids, chorophylls, and anthocyanins were extracted from the fruit pericarp of such red-fleshed kiwifruit selections. Pigments were analyzed by HPLC and identified by comparison with authentic standards and by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy to obtain a tentative identification of the major anthocyanins in red-fleshed kiwifruit. The yellow and green colors of the outer fruit pericarp are due to different concentrations and proportions of carotenoids and chlorophylls. The red color found mainly in the inner pericarp is due to anthocyanins. In the A. chinensis genotypes tested the major anthocyanin was cyanidin 3-O-xylo(1-2)-galactoside, with smaller amounts of cyanidin 3-O-galactoside. In the A. deliciosa genotypes analyzed, cyanidin 3-O-xylo(1-2)-galactoside was not detected; instead, the major anthocyanins identified were cyanidin 3-O-galactoside and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. However, the two species did not differ consistently in anthocyanin composition. 相似文献
13.
Shikov V Kammerer DR Mihalev K Mollov P Carle R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(18):8521-8526
Thermal degradation and color changes of purified strawberry anthocyanins in model solutions were studied upon heating at 85 degrees C by HPLC-DAD analyses and CIELCh measurements, respectively. The anthocyanin half-life values increased significantly due to the addition of rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) petal extracts enriched in natural copigments. Correspondingly, the color stability increased as the total color difference values were smaller for anthocyanins upon copigment addition, especially after extended heating. Furthermore, the stabilizing effect of rose petal polyphenols was compared with that of well-known copigments such as isolated kaempferol, quercetin, and sinapic acid. The purified rose petal extract was found to be a most effective anthocyanin-stabilizing agent at a molar pigment/copigment ratio of 1:2. The results obtained demonstrate that the addition of rose petal polyphenols slows the thermal degradation of strawberry anthocyanins, thus resulting in improved color retention without affecting the gustatory quality of the product. 相似文献
14.
The structure of flavonoids in food plants affects bioactivity and important nutritional attributes, like micronutrient bioavailability. This study investigated flavonol and anthocyanin compositions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) of varying genotypes. Black, red, green, white, light brown, and golden brown cowpea phenotypes were analyzed for anthocyanins and flavonols using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Eight anthocyanins and 23 flavonols (15 newly identified in cowpea) were characterized. Mono-, di-, and tri(acyl)glycosides of quercetin were predominant in most phenotypes; myricetin and kaempferol glycosides were present only in specific phenotypes. The red phenotypes had the highest flavonol content (880-1060 μg/g), whereas green and white phenotypes had the lowest (270-350 μg/g). Only black (1676-2094 μg/g) and green (875 μg/g) phenotypes had anthocyanins, predominantly delphinidin and cyanidin 3-O-glucosides. Cowpea phenotype influenced the type and amount of flavonoids accumulated in the seed; this may have implications in selecting varieties for nutrition and health applications. 相似文献
15.
Comparison of volatiles, phenolics, sugars, antioxidant vitamins, and sensory quality of different colored carrot varieties 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Alasalvar C Grigor JM Zhang D Quantick PC Shahidi F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(3):1410-1416
Four different colored carrots, orange, purple with orange core, yellow, and white, were examined for their content of phenolics, antioxidant vitamins, and sugars as well as their volatiles and sensory responses. A total of 35 volatiles were identified in all carrots, 27 positively. White carrot contained the highest content of volatiles, followed by orange, purple, and yellow. In total, 11, 16, 10, and 9 phenolic compounds were determined for the first time in orange, purple, yellow, and white carrots, respectively. Of these, chlorogenic acid was the most predominant phenolic compound in all carrot varieties. Differences (p < 0.05) in relative sweetness, the contents of vitamin C and alpha- and beta-carotenes, and certain flavor characteristics were observed among the colored carrot varieties examined. Purple carrots contained 2.2 and 2.3 times more alpha- and beta-carotenes (trace in yellow; not detected in white) than orange carrots, respectively. Purple carrot may be used in place of other carrot varieties to take advantage of its nutraceutical components. 相似文献
16.
Solomon A Golubowicz S Yablowicz Z Grossman S Bergman M Gottlieb HE Altman A Kerem Z Flaishman MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(20):7717-7723
Fig fruit has been a typical component in the health-promoting Mediterranean diet for millennia. To study the potential health-promoting constituents of fig fruits, six commercial fig varieties differing in color (black, red, yellow, and green) were analyzed for total polyphenols, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, and amount and profile of anthocyanins. Using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC), various concentrations of anthocyanins but a similar profile was found in all varieties studied. Hydrolysis revealed cyanidin as the major aglycon. Proton and carbon NMR confirmed cyanidin-3-O-rhamnoglucoside (cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside; C3R) as the main anthocyanin in all fruits. Color appearance of fig extract correlated well with total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity. Extracts of darker varieties showed higher contents of phytochemicals compared to lighter colored varieties. Fruit skins contributed most of the above phytochemicals and antioxidant activity compared to the fruit pulp. Antioxidant capacity correlated well with the amounts of polyphenols and anthocyanins (R2 = 0.985 and 0.992, respectively). In the dark-colored Mission and the red Brown-Turkey varieties, the anthocyanin fraction contributed 36 and 28% of the total antioxidant capacity, respectively. C3R contributed 92% of the total antioxidant capacity of the anthocyanin fraction. Fruits of the Mission variety contained the highest levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins and exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity. 相似文献
17.
不同生态区对油菜薹营养品质的影响及摘薹后产量表现 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确油菜薹的营养品质、不同“油蔬”两用型油菜薹品质、菜薹产量与环境之间的关系,通过测定碳水化合物、维生素类物质和微量元素含量,比较了油菜薹、红菜薹和白菜薹3种菜薹的营养品质;6个“油蔬”两用型油菜品种(系)油菜薹营养品质;杭州余杭和丽水龙泉2个生态区的油菜薹产量、籽粒产量以及经济效应。结果表明,油菜薹可溶性糖、3种维生素类物质(维生素C、B1和B6)、有效Zn和全Se含量分别是白菜薹的1.82、2.61、4.44、1.68、1.81和1.67倍,表明油菜薹具有优良的营养品质。6个油菜品种(系)的油菜薹的糖类物质(除果糖)和维生素类物质含量在丽水龙泉均显著高于杭州余杭。就微量元素而言,有效Fe、有效Cu、有效Zn和全Se含量在杭州余杭显著高于丽水龙泉,有效Mn含量则相反。说明油菜薹中需要经过代谢、运转的营养物质(如碳水化合物)在丽水龙泉具有显著优势,而从土壤中吸收的营养元素则相反。“油蔬”两用型油菜品种(系)籽粒和菜薹产量受生态区影响显著。通过增加采收一季菜薹,油菜的经济效益可增加一倍。本研究为“油蔬”两用型油菜品种利用以及不同生态区优质高产栽培提供了理论依据。 相似文献