共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 487 毫秒
1.
中国甜菜主要种质资源抗病性鉴定与评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
旨在鉴定与评价不同生态区甜菜主要种质资源的抗病性,为种质资源在抗病育种上科学有效利用提供依据。以甜菜3个生态区的313份主要种质资源为试材,在自然发病条件下,按照甜菜的规范标准,调查种质的发病级数,计算病情指数,划分抗性级别。鉴定出高抗甜菜褐斑病种质资源85份、抗病89份,抗甜菜根腐病种质资源11份,抗甜菜丛根病种质资源3份,抗甜菜白粉病种质资源28份。同时鉴定出兼抗2种病害的种质资源,高抗褐斑病兼抗根腐病种质资源5份、抗褐斑病兼抗根腐病种质资源5份、抗褐斑病兼抗丛根病种质资源2份,高抗褐斑病兼抗白粉病种质资源20份。结果表明,中国甜菜种质资源比较匮乏,除抗褐斑病种质资源外,抗根腐病、丛根病和白粉病的资源不但数量少,而且抗性级别低。 相似文献
2.
介绍了近期引进的一批国外甜菜品种在内蒙古呼和浩特地区试种研究情况,引进的甜菜品种表现块根产量高,对丛根病抗（耐）性强,发芽率高,含糖率低于国内品种,对褐斑病抗（耐）性弱 相似文献
3.
《分子植物育种》2020,(18)
水稻Pik位点含有至少6个抗病基因,它们都包含在该位点功能区域中。因此,有效区分出功能区域是鉴定该基因座功能基因的首要条件。本研究通过对水稻抗稻瘟病Pik基因座上已克隆的功能基因,包括Pik、Pi-k~p、Pi-k~h、Pi-1、Pi-k~m和Pi-k~s及非功能基因序列的相互对比,鉴定到Pik基因座特异的核苷酸差异,开发了基于PCR技术的Pik基因座的插入/缺失(insert-deletion, InDel)标记,能有效地将Pik上功能基因与其它非功能基因的基因座区分开。利用Pik基因座的分离群体进行标记选择与接种鉴定,结果表明Pik-InDel标记能精确的选择出Pik功能基因座。用Pik-InDel标记对20份重要水稻不育系进行分子检测,该标记能准确地将抗性基因座与其它非抗病基因座区分开来,这为筛选水稻稻瘟病抗性种质资源,以及抗性标记辅助抗病育种提供了便利。 相似文献
4.
甜菜抗褐斑病种质资源是甜菜种质资源中具有褐斑病抗性基因并且能稳定传递给子代的种质资源,是甜菜抗褐斑病育种工作的物质基础,也是农业可持续发展的战略资源。甜菜抗褐斑病种质资源研究的主要内容包括对甜菜品种的收集、鉴定与评价、保存、利用以及抗性遗传基因的克隆及利用。为了使人们更加清晰的了解甜菜抗褐斑病种质资源的研究状况。本文综述了甜菜抗褐斑病种质资源的收集、鉴定与评价、保存、利用及分子方面的研究,并对我国未来种质资源的研究作出展望。以期为以后甜菜抗褐斑病种质资源的研究提供方向。 相似文献
5.
甜菜细胞壁某些生理特性与抗丛根病的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验以抗丛根病性不同的4个甜菜品种为材料,研究了甜菜坏死黄脉病毒对甜菜块根细胞壁中抗氧化酶系、H2O2、木质素及羟脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明,病毒侵染后甜菜抗病品种块根细胞壁SOD、POD活性以及H2O2、木质素及羟脯氨酸含量较未侵染的甜菜材料均有不同幅度的升高;染病地块种植的抗病品种块根细胞壁SOD、POD活性及H2O2、木质素及羟脯氨酸含量均显著高于感病品种。甜菜细胞壁在防御丛根病中具有重要作用,是甜菜抗丛根病过程中的重要组成部分。 相似文献
6.
水稻品种IR24抗条纹叶枯病相关QTL的检测 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
为探明籼稻品种IR24是否携有新的抗条纹叶枯病基因,利用衍生于Asominori/IR24的重组自交系（RIL）群体和以Asominori为遗传背景IR24插入片段的染色体片段置换系（CSSL）群体,进行抗条纹叶枯病相关QTL的检测。利用疫区田间自然条件鉴定的方法,在RIL群体中共检测到4个控制条纹叶枯病的QTL,分别位于第3、5、7、11染色体上（qSTV3、qSTV5、qSTV7、qSTV11）, 其中qSTV3、qSTV7和qSTV11增强抗性的等位基因来自抗性亲本IR24。采用图示基因型比较法,在CSSL群体中将4个抗条纹叶枯病相关基因位点分别定位在染色体片段置换系CSSL4、L17、L39、L61、L62的IR24插入片段上。对比分析RIL群体和CSSL群体的分子连锁图谱,发现qSTV3所在的标记区间与CSSL17的IR24片段相吻合,qSTV7所在的标记区间与CSSL4的杂合片段、CSSL39的IR24片段相吻合,qSTV11所在的标记区间与 CSSL61的IR24片段以及CSSL62的杂合片段相吻合,表明确实存在这3个位点。与前人的研究结果相比较,发现位于第3染色体上的qSTV3区域存在抗刺吸性害虫的基因簇,是一个表达稳定的抗灰飞虱基因座;位于第7染色体上的qSTV7不同于已报道的抗性基因座,表明IR24携有新的抗性基因,这些基因不同于主基因Stvb-i,为防止广泛使用单一基因而造成的遗传脆弱性提供了新的抗性基因源,并且为利用分子标记辅助选择,聚合不同抗性基因培育抗性稳定的条纹叶枯病抗性品种创造了条件。 相似文献
7.
大豆根结线瘤（Heterodera glycinesIchinohe，SCN）抗性育种是大豆育种者的重要目标。但是，有一个问题是，在根结线瘤压力较低的情况下，抗根结线瘤的大豆品种其产量比不抗根结线瘤的品种要低。有一个报道也支持这一观点，在引入抗性基因的抗性植株（PI）209332中，两个对产量具有抑制作用的数量性状位点（QTL）与位于同一连锁群（LG）G上的抗根结线瘤的主基因连锁。 相似文献
8.
为了明确黑龙江省水稻品种资源稻瘟病抗性,挖掘优异种质资源,适时了解黑龙江省生理小种群体变化特征。采用中国生理小种命名方法,通过苗期喷雾接菌鉴定,将2013-2014年黑龙江省的稻瘟病菌株划分为7个群42个生理小种,优势小种为ZD5和ZD7,出现频率分别为19.77%和12.21%,总频率为31.98%;通过苗期抗病性表现,筛选出宽抗谱品种14份,这些品种携带2~7个抗稻瘟病基因,绥粳12+合江23(Pi9、Pi20、Pi33、Pi54、Pik)、牡丹江26+龙粳31(Pi9、Pi20、Pi33、Pi54、Pita、Pik)、牡丹江26+合江23(Pi9、Pi20、Pi33、Pi54、Pik)等29个在抗稻瘟病育种生产上将具有较好防病效果的组合,并且能够聚合多个抗性基因,提高抗性水平、拓宽抗谱;其中龙粳31与其他9个品种的配对组合均为最优组合,对稻瘟病具有较高抗性;这14份宽抗谱品种是抗稻瘟病育种较好的抗源材料;部分品种如垦稻15、龙粳23和牡丹江25,仅携带2个本研究鉴定的基因,这些品种可能是携带未知抗性基因的新抗源,可作为进一步鉴定和寻找抗性基因的试验材料。 相似文献
9.
小麦条锈病抗性基因研究进展及在育种中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
概述了已知小麦条锈病抗性基因的来源、染色体定位和分子标记研究现状,回顾了抗性品种与生理小种的演变,评价了小麦抗条锈基因,并浅谈了小麦抗条锈基因的分子标记在育种中的应用 相似文献
10.
抗病育种——控制玉米叶斑病的最佳解决方案 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
玉米叶斑病的发生特点决定了该类病害必须通过选育和推广抗病品种加以有效控制。通过对我国玉米大斑病、小斑病、弯孢叶斑病和灰斑病发生历史的回顾、调查信息整理和2008年发生现状的分析,结合病原菌生理小种或致病类型的变化、玉米抗叶斑病基因的发掘和研究进展,提出我国未来抗玉米叶斑病育种的策略:构建品种抗性、产量性状平衡取舍的育种新思维,倡导中等抗性/水平抗性的选择和利用,开展抗病多基因(质量基因/数量基因)聚合育种,并逐渐向多病害兼抗品种选育发展。 相似文献
11.
Breeding for resistance to rhizomania in sugar beet: A review 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Currently rhizomania is the most important disease in sugar beet worldwide, and attack can lead to serious yield losses. The
disease is caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) that is transmitted by the soil-borne fungus Polymyxa betae. Breeding sugar beet cultivars with resistance to rhizomania is regarded as the most appropriate way to enable continued
production of this crop in BNYVV-infested fields and also to slow the spread of the disease. Breeding for resistance started
with selection by scoring disease symptoms in field experiments. The development of non-destructive greenhouse tests, with
determination of the virus concentration in rootlets using ELISA, has greatly improved the efficiency of selection. In this
paper the impact of scientific research on the progress in breeding cultivars with resistance to rhizomania is reviewed. This
includes the distribution, composition, and pathogenicity of the virus, the sources of resistance to virus and vector, the
genetics of virus resistance, progress with breeding methods, and the use of molecular markers and pathogen-derived resistance.
The yields and quality characteristics of recently introduced resistant cultivars now equal those of the commercial susceptible
cultivars.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
In breeding for resistance to rhizomania, breeding material was routinely examined for resistance to the rhizomania virus over several years. This study was performed in order to investigate the value of virological examination of sugarbeet breeding material in breeding for resistance to the rhizomania virus. Tests were conducted with varieties susceptible or partially resistant to rhizomania, as well as with several new and more-resistant hybrids. A test on young plants showed that all genotypes contained beet necrotic yellow-vein virus (BNYVV), but that the virus content differed widely. Plants of two commercially used partially resistant varieties had, on average, only half the virus content of susceptible varieties in their roots, and plants of eight new hybrids still in the process of registration contained less than one third of that amount. There was a significant negative correlation between the quantity of BNYVV in young plant roots and final yield under disease conditions in the field. Opportunities for further improvement in the level of the resistance to BNYVV in sugarbeet by means of conventional breeding programmes are discussed. 相似文献
13.
The origin of rhizomania resistance in sugar beet 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Enrico Biancardi Robert T. Lewellen Marco De Biaggi Alvin W. Erichsen Piergiorgio Stevanato 《Euphytica》2002,127(3):383-397
In the last 35 years, breeding has greatly reduced the damages caused by rhizomania in sugar beet crops. After the first encouraging
results using the Alba genotypes, the cultivar Rizor represented a substantial step forward and has given good yield improvement
in diseased fields in many parts of the world. The original variety and subsequent improved versions continued to offer good
performances for about a decade, after which it was surpassed by other hybrids derived in part from the Rizor itself. Further
progress in terms of sugar production became possible in 1986, when the Holly monogerm lines were released in USA and Europe.
In spite of the incomplete information about the genealogy of the first resistant materials,many evidences and the molecular
analyses on the different genotypes suggest a possible common progenitor and lineage. The resistant cultivars have kept the
yield at an adequate level, allowing cultivation to continue in countries where the disease has reached epidemic proportions.
The case of rhizomania resistance in sugar beet can therefore be considered as one of the most important achievements in plant
breeding.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Matthias Pohl-Orf Ulrike Brand Sarah Drießen Peter René Hesse Marcus Lehnen Claudia Morak Thomas Mücher Christiane Saeglitz Cornelia von Soosten Detlef Bartsch 《Euphytica》1999,108(3):181-186
The potential impact of transgenic crops on community ecology will depend on the distribution and establishment of the new transgenic traits, on the sexual transfer of their new genes to the environment (Bartsch &; Pohl-Orf, 1996) and on the potential ecological impact of the transgenic trait. Flowering and pollen dispersal is important for outcrossing of the genetically engineered trait. For a biennial plant, like the cultivars of Beta vulgaris L., overwintering is normally necessary to become generative and to produce pollen and seeds (Abe et al., 1997), which usually does not happen with sugar beet as a field crop harvested in autumn (Longden 1989). The starting point for the project was a transgenic sugar beet, Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris (Lange et al., 1998), with rhizomania and herbicide ( Basta®, Liberty®) resistance. Cold tolerance is one of the most important factors for survival of sugar beet in Central- and North-Europe. Among other ways, spreading of transgenic traits into weed beet (Boudry et al., 1993) or wild beet can occur if genetically engineered – biennial – plants survive the winter, flower in spring and spread their pollen. Field experiments were performed with transgenic breeding lines and their hybrids, transgenic and non-transgenic hybrids with Swiss chard and three conventional beet cultivars to evaluate winter survival rates at seven different field sites. We could show that survival of sugar beet – transgenic as well as conventional ones – in Germany and at the Dutch border is possible. Survival rates were well correlated with temperature data and were unexpectedly high. Differences between sugar beet hybrids and breeding lines could be detected but not within different breeding lines or hybrids. There were no differences detectable between transgenic and non-transgenic plants. The data are crucial for the risk assessment of the release of transgenic sugar beet and are the basis for further experiments towards outcrossing and establishment. 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
18.
为了探索InDel分子标记技术在鉴定甜菜品种一致性中的可行性，本研究以8个甜菜品种为试材，每个品种取24个单株，分别提取基因组DNA，利用9对InDel引物对每个甜菜品种的24个单株分别进行InDel-PCR扩增，根据扩增条带分析每个甜菜品种的一致性分布特征。结果表明8个甜菜品种所有位点的平均一致性比率在67.7%~88.1%之间。单一引物在不同品种中表现出的一致性比率具有一定差异。例如，利用ND286引物在品种985和品种1123中检测出的一致性比率为100%，但是在其他品种中检测出的一致性比率分布在46%~63%之间。不同引物在同一品种中表现出的一致性比率可能相同，但其区分出的不一致植株可能相同也可能不同。比如，在平均一致性最好的品种1015中，ND31和ND71引物在24个植株中检测出的一致性比率相同，但ND31引物区分出的差异植株为13、14和15号植株，而ND71引物区分出的差异植株为8、15和21号植株。因此利用单个位点引物对甜菜品种一致性进行鉴定不具有普遍性和科学性，应该综合多个位点的表现进行一致性鉴定，且现阶段甜菜品种一致性鉴定的标准不宜设置过高。 相似文献