共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
为探究欧李果实品质的遗传规律,本研究选用欧李农大4号与DS-1及其正、反交后代群体为试验材料,测定双亲及后代群体果实的平均单果重、核重、纵横径、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、类黄酮含量、总酚含量及抗氧化能力(DPPH、FRAP、ABTS),对其后代遗传规律进行分析。结果表明,所测定的指标均呈现正态或偏正态分布,呈连续变异,为多基因控制的数量遗传性状。纵径、横径、果形指数和可溶性固形物含量的变异系数均小于20%,后代未出现广泛分离,选择潜力较小,其中果形指数的变异系数最小,选择潜力最小,这与大多数欧李果实呈现扁圆形的情况一致。平均单果重、核重、类黄酮含量、总酚含量和抗氧化能力的变异系数均超过20%,后代广泛分离,选择潜力较大,尤其以平均单果重的选择潜力最大。平均单果重、纵横径受父本影响较大,以大果为父本时更易选出大果后代。果形指数不受父母本影响。可溶性固形物含量和核重表现明显的衰退变异,为趋小性遗传。以高类黄酮、总酚含量和抗氧化能力的植株为母本时,后代更易选出高类黄酮、总酚含量和抗氧化能力的优株。相关性分析将表型特征与内在物质含量相联系,为初步判断物质含量奠定重要基础。主成分分析提取了包括清除ABTS自由基和类黄酮含量的第一主成分和包括纵横径的第二主成分。聚类分析筛选出了具有较高生物活性、较强抗氧化能力和果实较大等不同特征的优株,可根据育种目标加以重点利用。本研究为欧李育种提供了重要参考的意义。 相似文献
2.
为探讨不同砧木对欧李（Prumus humilis）嫁接成活率及果实品质的影响，本研究以欧李自根苗为对照，对比分析了3种砧木（长柄扁桃、毛樱桃、山杏）嫁接欧李的成活率、根癌病发病率和果实品质性状差异，并通过主成分分析对不同砧穗组合和自根苗进行综合评价。结果表明，欧李/长柄扁桃的嫁接成活率为87.33%，且移栽三年后的成活率为98.00%。不同砧木嫁接欧李的根癌病发病率为0，而欧李自根苗的根癌病发病率为18.41%。与自根苗相比，嫁接苗的单株产量和果实可滴定酸含量有所下降，但其他果实品质得到提升，其中，欧李/长柄扁桃的单果重、果实横径、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、花色苷含量等最高，欧李/毛樱桃的果实钙含量和锌含量最高，欧李/山杏的果实固酸比、类黄酮含量和铁含量最高。利用主成分分析对不同砧穗组合和自根苗的嫁接成活率和果实品质性状进行综合评价，欧李/长柄扁桃D值为0.746，综合评价排名第一。综上，嫁接可以降低欧李的根癌病发病率，改变其果实品质，以长柄扁桃为砧木嫁接的欧李综合性状最佳。本研究结果可为欧李嫁接苗的推广提供数据支持。 相似文献
3.
为探讨喷施不同营养元素叶面肥对蟠枣(‘京沧1号’)缩果病发病率及品质的影响,对不同叶面肥处理蟠枣缩果病发病率及产量进行了调查,对蟠枣果实外观指标和营养指标进行了测定。结果表明:喷施不同营养元素叶面肥处理后蟠枣缩果病发病率显著降低,蟠枣果实产量、商品率分别较清水(对照组)提高8.73%～27.21%和3.53%～17.94%;除硫酸锰、四硼酸钠、富瑞朋流体硼叶面肥处理外,其他处理蟠枣果实硬度与对照处理差异不显著;喷施不同营养元素叶面肥处理对蟠枣果实色差参数影响差异不显著;喷施不同营养元素叶面肥处理对蟠枣果实中可滴定酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、总酚和类黄酮含量积累有积极影响。整体看来,氮元素叶面肥对降低蟠枣缩果病发病率、提高蟠枣果实商品率、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白和总酚含量作用显著,锰元素对提高蟠枣果实产量、硬度、可溶性糖和类黄酮含量作用显著,钾元素叶面肥处理对蟠枣整体作用效果不明显,硼元素叶面肥对提高蟠枣产量,增加蟠枣果实可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量作用效果明显。因此,该结果可为蟠枣缩果病防控及品质调控提供理论依据和科学参考。 相似文献
4.
不同石榴品种果实酚类物质及抗氧化活性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探明石榴不同栽培地区和不同品种间酚类物质含量分布特征,筛选抗氧化能力强的功能型优良品种,以山东、云南、新疆和四川地区8个主栽石榴品种的成熟期果实为试材,利用常规品质分析方法和高效液相色谱技术,对其果实品质、酚类物质和抗氧化能力进行分析。结果表明,石榴品种间果实各品质指标存在显著差异,其中,喀什甜单果质量、可溶性糖和维生素C含量最高,甜绿籽固酸比最高,泰山红可溶性固形物含量最高,红玛瑙可滴定酸含量最高。不同石榴品种果皮中酚类物质含量与抗氧化能力均最高;果汁次之,种子最低。喀什甜果皮和红玛瑙种子中酚类物质含量和DPPH自由基清除率均最高;果汁中花青苷含量和DPPH自由基清除率分别在千籽红和大青皮甜中最高,安石榴苷、没食子酸、鞣花酸、总黄酮和总酚含量在红玛瑙中最高;果皮中安石榴苷含量(平均为135.00 mg·g-1)占总酚的48.94%,是石榴果实中最主要的酚类物质。果实品质指标间、果实品质与酚类物质间存在一定的相关性,安石榴苷、没食子酸、鞣花酸、花青苷、总黄酮和总酚间互为正相关,各指标与DPPH自由基清除率均正相关。红玛瑙、喀什红和千籽红果实的综合品质佳,富含酚类物质,是值得推广和开发利用的优良品种。研究结果为石榴加工产品的研发和新品种选育提供了理论依据。 相似文献
5.
采前壳聚糖处理对红地球葡萄品质和内源激素的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以红地球葡萄为试材,采收前喷施浓度为0.1%和1.0%的壳聚糖溶液,以喷洒0.5%冰乙酸溶液的果实作为对照,采收后的果实在(0±1)℃、相对湿度85%～90%冷库中贮藏,测定其耐压强度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量以及脱落酸(ABA)、生长素(IAA)、玉米素(ZR)和赤霉素(GA3)等4种内源激素含量,研究采前壳聚糖处理对葡萄冷藏中品质和内源激素的影响。结果表明,采前0.1%壳聚糖处理葡萄中GA3含量极显著(P0.01)高于对照,壳聚糖处理延缓了果实中GA3的分解;贮藏后期壳聚糖处理果实中ZR含量显著(P0.05)高于对照,1.0%壳聚糖处理果实中ABA的积累显著(P0.05)低于对照,壳聚糖处理减缓了果实中IAA的氧化分解速度,但效果不显著。在整个贮藏过程中,经壳聚糖处理的葡萄可溶性固形物含量和耐压强度值极显著(P0.01)高于对照果实,并且0.1%处理显著(P0.05)保持了果实的可滴定酸含量。采前壳聚糖处理有助于果实品质的保持。 相似文献
6.
为筛选适用于‘京沧1号’枣的叶面肥种类,提高其采前品质及货架商品性,探究不同叶面肥处理对‘京沧1号’枣生长发育及果实采后货架品质的影响,测定不同叶面肥处理组‘京沧1号’枣叶片、果实生长情况及枣果货架期内品质的变化。结果表明：与对照组相比,喷施叶面肥处理的‘京沧1号’枣叶片横径和纵径分别提高7%～10%和5%～6%,果实横径和纵径分别提高3%～5%和10%～12%;各叶面肥处理组‘京沧1号’枣果实中可溶性固形物、维生素C等营养物质的积累增加且以果满田复合叶面肥处理效果最佳,较对照组分别提高12.8%和1.4%,并表现出显著性差异（P<0.05）;同时,采前叶面肥处理有效延缓了‘京沧1号’枣货架期内果实品质的下降,但不同叶面肥处理组的结果存在一定差异,其中果满田复合叶面肥整体效果最优,至货架期末,该处理组‘京沧1号’枣果实硬度、含水量、可溶性固形物含量下降率分别为57.39%、7.14%、9.79%,显著低于对照组,可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白质、维生素C、总酚、类黄酮含量分别为34.11%、0.39%、1.08 mg/g、1.75 mg/g、2.07 mg/g、4.08mg/g,... 相似文献
7.
外源GA3处理对红肉脐橙果实品质的效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以红肉脐橙为试材,研究了着色期外源GA3对其果实品质的影响,结果表明:在外观品质方面,各处理提高了果皮亮度和果形指数,降低了果皮红色度、单果重和果皮厚度,对果皮黄色度没有显著影响;在内在品质方面,各处理提高了果实可食率、出汁率和可溶性总糖含量,10和50mg/LGA3处理提高了可溶性固形物含量,250和500mg/L处理极显著降低了可溶性固形物含量,各处理对果实可滴定酸含量、糖酸比和维生素C含量没有显著影响。综合以上,着色期较低浓度的GA3处理(如10和50mg/L)在一定程度上有利于红肉脐橙果实品质的提高 相似文献
8.
以美香桃为试材,于果实着色前用25 mg/L 的脱落酸（ABA）溶液喷施叶片,研究了ABA 处理促进桃果皮着色的效果以及对果皮花色素苷合成相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,ABA 处理对果实单果重、 可溶性固形物含量和固酸比影响不显著, 但明显改善果实着色,果皮花色素苷含量增加了39.48%,果面光泽明亮度（L*值）和色调角（h*值）分别下降了6.86% 和18.64%,红绿色差指标（a*值）增大了134.19%。ABA 处理显著促进了查尔酮合成酶基因（CHS）的上调表达以及类黄酮葡萄糖苷转移酶基因（UFGT）、 二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶基因（DFR）、花色素合成酶基因（LDOX）的提前表达。据此推测,ABA可能参与了桃果实花色素苷合成的调控,对花色素苷合成具有促进作用。 相似文献
9.
探讨大田条件下,喷施钙肥对葡萄果实糖酸积累等果实品质的影响,为葡萄生产上合理补充钙肥提供理论依据。试验于果实转色期对‘夏黑’葡萄果穗喷施硝酸钙、氨基酸钙两种钙肥,以喷施清水为对照,硝酸钙溶液浓度设置为0.3%、0.5%,氨基酸钙溶液浓度设置为0.1%、0.08%,研究外源喷施钙肥对葡萄果实糖酸积累及其它果实品质的影响。研究结果表明:外源喷施0.1%氨基酸钙溶液可促进果实成熟期果糖和葡萄糖的积累,抑制酒石酸和草酸的降解,果实硬度和可溶性糖含量相比对照分别增加35.71%、38.66%,可滴定酸含量较对照下降30.17%。外源喷施0.5%硝酸钙溶液可促进果实成熟期果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖的积累,促进酒石酸、柠檬酸的降解,增加草酸的积累,果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量较对照显著增加,分别增加了47.74%、7.99%和43.34%,可滴定酸含量相比对照下降28.89%。综合糖酸含量和其他果实品质来看,‘夏黑’葡萄果实转色期喷施0.5%硝酸钙溶液效果更佳。 相似文献
10.
海藻生物肥对草莓产量和品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探究新型海藻生物肥对草莓产量和品质的影响,以红颜草莓为试验材料,对其叶面喷施不同浓度的新型海藻生物肥,以喷施清水为对照。喷施处理后,计算草莓产量,测定盛果期草莓可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸、糖酸比、还原糖含量、硬度、抗坏血酸、总酚、花青素和类黄酮含量。结果表明,不同浓度海藻生物肥处理的草莓产量均有提升,其中在1 500倍海藻生物肥处理下,草莓果重、结果数和产量均极显著提高(P<0.01),分别较对照增加了42.96%、14.67%和63.93%。品质结果表明,1 500倍液海藻生物肥处理下,草莓的可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比、还原糖含量和硬度均达到最大值,且较对照均显著增加(P<0.05),高于市售2种海藻肥处理;低浓度(2 500~1 500倍)海藻生物肥对草莓抗氧化物质积累有促进作用,其中1 500倍海藻生物肥处理下,草莓Vc含量达到最大值,且较对照提高50.20%;在 2 500倍海藻生物肥处理下,花青素与类黄酮含量均极显著增加(P<0.01),较对照分别增加42.00%与30.56%,而高浓度(1 000~500倍)则抑制花青素与类黄酮的积累。综上,合理喷施新型海藻生物肥能提高草莓产量,提高抗氧化活性物质含量,改善草莓品质。本研究结果为新型海藻生物肥的规模化生产应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
11.
为提高红豆和绿豆中酚类化合物的得率及抗氧化能力,本试验采取蒸汽爆破加工对红豆和绿豆进行预处理,研究不同爆破处理组红豆和绿豆中总酚、总黄酮的含量及其抗氧化活性,并分析了两者之间的关系。结果表明,蒸汽爆破处理后的原料结构破裂严重,形成大量的碎片物质,促进原料中活性成分与溶剂的接触可及性。与对照组(CK)相比,经爆破处理后,红豆、绿豆中总酚、总黄酮含量明显上升,0.5 MPa、60 s爆破条件下绿豆中总酚、总黄酮含量最高,分别为4.57和3.00 mg·g-1;而红豆中的总酚、总黄酮含量在0.75 MPa、60 s爆破条件下最高,分别为4.66和3.07 mg·g-1。红豆中的总酚、总黄酮的含量均高于绿豆(除0.5 MPa、60 s爆破处理组)。不同处理组中提取物的抗氧化活性与总酚及总黄酮的含量变化基本一致,红豆中总酚含量与DPPH自由基清除率之间的相关性最高(r=0.966),绿豆中总酚含量与FRAP还原能力的相关性最高(r=0.895)。本研究结果为蒸汽爆破适用于不同生物质及有效成分的提取提供了一定的理论指导,进一步拓展了爆破技术在食品加工业的应用范围。 相似文献
12.
《Cereal Chemistry》2017,94(2):291-297
Edible beans are among the most important grain legumes consumed by humans. To provide new information on the antioxidant phenolics of edible beans, the antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) in both soluble and bound fractions of 42 edible beans from China were systematically evaluated, with main phenolic compounds identified and quantified in 10 beans possessing the highest TPC. Edible beans contained a wide range of total antioxidant capacity and TPC generally comparable with common grains, fruits, and vegetables, and their bound fractions had significant antioxidant capacity, TPC, and TFC. Red sword bean was found for the first time to show extremely high total antioxidant capacity (ferrous[II] at 235 ± 13.2 μmol/g and Trolox at 164 ± 10.5 μmol/g) and TPC (1767 ± 58.3 mg of GAE/100 g). Phenolic compounds such as catechin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, p‐coumaric acid, and protocatechuic acid were widely detected in selected beans. A positive correlation was found between antioxidant capacity (ferric‐reducing antioxidant power [FRAP] and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity [TEAC] values) and TPC, with correlation coefficient r = 0.974 (FRAP value versus TPC) and r = 0.914 (TEAC value versus TPC). Therefore, beans with high antioxidant capacity and phenolic content can be valuable sources of dietary natural antioxidants for the prevention of oxidative stress‐related chronic diseases. 相似文献
13.
14.
Deficit irrigation (DI) detrimentally affected berry size but had a profound effect on fruit physiology and biochemistry. Strawberry cv. Elsanta fruit from DI-treated plants had higher levels of abscisic acid (ABA). Dry matter content as a proportion of fresh weight was increased by a quarter in fruit from water-stressed plants as compared to fruit harvested from plants held at or near field capacity. Concomitant to this, the concentration of some taste-related (viz. monosaccharides and sugar/acid ratios) and health-related compounds/parameters (viz. antioxidant capacity and total phenolics) were generally much greater in DI-treated fruit. The effect of inoculation with Botrytis cinerea on fruit quality was also tested. Fruit derived from inoculated plants displayed symptoms of gray mold postharvest disease earlier than noninoculated fruit and had double the concentration of ABA. Inoculation had no significant effects on all other target analytes measured. There was no interaction between water treatment and inoculation. The possible mechanisms for increased synthesis of ABA and the different effects of pathogen-induced stress versus drought stress on fruit quality are discussed. 相似文献
15.
S. Ullah A. S. Khan A. U. Malik I. Afzal M. Shahid K. Razzaq 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(13):2067-2079
The effects of foliar application of boron (B) in the form of boric acid on vegetative and reproductive growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco.) were investigated. Kinnow mandarin was sprayed with different concentrations of boric acid viz. (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%) at fruit set stage. Leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), B, and zinc (Zn) along with flush length, tree height, tree spread and tree trunk diameter increased, while leaf length and leaf age showed non-significant results after foliar B application. Yield of the ‘Kinnow’ mandarin was significantly affected by foliar application of B and a significant increase in fruit weight at harvest was also observed. Soluble solid concentration (SSC): titratable acidity (TA) ratio, ascorbic acid, total sugars, total phenolic content (TPC) and total antioxidants significantly affected, while pH of juice, SSC, TA, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars showed non- significant results. 相似文献
16.
Parry J Su L Moore J Cheng Z Luther M Rao JN Wang JY Yu LL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(11):3773-3778
Seed flours from black raspberry, red raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, pinot noir grape, and chardonnay grape were examined for their total fat content, fatty acid composition, total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), radical scavenging capacities against the peroxyl (ORAC) and stable DPPH radicals, chelating capacity against Fe(2+), and antiproliferative activities using the HT-29 colon cancer cell line. Significant levels of fat were detected in the fruit seed flours and their fatty acid profiles may differ from those of the respective seed oils. Cranberry seed flour had the highest level of alpha-linolenic acid (30.9 g/100 g fat) and the lowest ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids (1.2/1). The ORAC value of the chardonnay seed flour was 1076.4 Trolox equivalents mumol/g flour, and its TPC was 186.3 mg gallic acid equivalents/g flour. These values were 3-12 times higher than the other tested fruit seed flours. Furthermore, the ORAC value was significantly correlated to the TPC under the experimental conditions (P < 0.05). These fruit seed flours also differed in their TAC values and Fe(2+)-chelating capacities. In addition, black raspberry, cranberry, and chardonnay grape seed flour extracts were evaluated for their antiproliferative effects using HT-29 colon cancer cells. All three tested seed flour extracts significant inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation. The data from this study suggest the potential of developing the value-added use of these fruit seed flours as dietary sources of natural antioxidants and antiproliferative agents for optimal human health. 相似文献
17.
Dobson P Graham J Stewart D Brennan R Hackett CA McDougall GJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(21):5360-5366
This study examined the total phenol content (TPC) and total anthocyanin content (TAC) in ripe fruit of progeny of a mapping population generated from a cross between the European red raspberry cv. Glen Moy ( Rubus ideaus var. idaeus) and the North American red raspberry cv. Latham ( Rubus ideaus var. strigosus) over five seasons in two different growing environments. Measurements of antioxidant capacity (FRAP and TEAC) were also carried out. TPC was highly correlated with TEAC and FRAP across the entire data set. The subset of anthocyanin content was genotype-dependent but also correlated with TPC, although the proportion of anthocyanin compounds varied between progeny. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was carried out, and key markers were tested for consistency of effects over sites and years. Four regions, on linkage groups 2, 3, 5, and 6, were identified. These agree with QTLs from a previous study over a single season and indicate that QTL effects were robust over seasons. 相似文献
18.
Antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables play an important role via their protective effects against the onset of aging-related chronic diseases. Our previous research has indicated that unripe ciku fruits (Manilkara zapota L.) are an excellent source of antioxidants, with over 3000 mg of L-ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC) per 100 g of fresh sample. In this study, 24 antioxidants in an extract of ciku king were characterized through a free radical spiking test. Their chemical structures were proposed using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and tandem MS (HPLC/MSn). The antioxidant capacity of ciku king fruits was mainly attributed to polyphenolics with basic blocks of gallocatechin or catechin or both. The changes of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total phenolics content (TPC) of ciku king fruits with storage time were also investigated. It was found that the TAC and TPC decreased significantly as the fruits gradually changed from the unripe to the overripe stage. The best time for one to consume ciku king fruits at a flavorful stage with high amounts of antioxidants with AEAC values ranging from 600 to 1200 mg per 100 g fresh sample is suggested. The change of the content of major antioxidant peaks was also consistent with changes of antioxidant levels during storage. 相似文献
19.
苯嗪草酮疏果剂对苹果边果营养与激素含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确苯嗪草酮疏果剂对苹果边果的疏除作用,以9年生天红2号/SH38/八棱海棠为试材,在最大边果直径6 mm左右时喷300 mg/kg苯嗪草酮2次,清水为对照,生理落果后调查坐果率及坐果比例;喷药后7、9、11、17、29 d采集处理和对照边果,测定氮磷钾矿质营养,淀粉、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和山梨醇碳水化合物,可溶性蛋白质含量以及玉米素(Z)、赤霉素(GA_3)、生长素(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)激素含量。结果显示,苯嗪草酮处理后,花序坐果率和花朵坐果率较对照降低17.95%和27.63%,坐单果比例显著提高,坐三果及三果以上的比例显著降低(P0.01);处理总体上提高了边果无机营养含量,显著降低了可溶性蛋白质含量(P0.05);淀粉含量较对照提高了5.57%～37.20%,但不同程度地降低了蔗糖、葡糖糖、果糖及山梨醇含量,从而使可溶性碳水化合物含量较对照降低了9.55%～52.60%;处理后脱落酸含量显著升高(P0.05),(Z+GA_3+IAA)/ABA比值显著降低。说明苯嗪草酮在苹果上具有较好的疏除边果作用,其疏除作用与可溶性蛋白质含量降低,可溶性碳水化合物供应不足,以及ABA含量升高及生长型激素/抑制型激素比值降低有关。 相似文献