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复合药剂浸种对裸燕麦种子发芽的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为解决干旱胁迫下裸燕麦播种出苗较差的问题,利用生化黄腐酸(BFA)、氯化钙、赤霉素三种药剂的复合配置对裸燕麦种子进行浸种处理,探讨不同复合药剂处理对裸燕麦发芽势、发芽率、物质转换率、种子萌发抗旱指数、种子活力抗旱指数的影响。结果表明,赤霉素(0.0125g·L-1)+生化黄腐酸(0.1g·L-1)以及氯化钙(1g·L-1)+赤霉素(0.0125g·L-1)的复合溶液处理均可有效提高裸燕麦种子的发芽率、发芽势、物质转换率、种子萌发抗旱指数和种子活力抗旱指数;而氯化钙(1g·L-1)+生化黄腐酸(0.1g·L-1)的复合溶液处理对裸燕麦种子发芽率虽有所提高,但降低了发芽势和物质转化率。从综合效果来看,赤霉素(0.0125g·L-1)+生化黄腐酸(0.1g·L-1)的复合溶液效果最佳。另外,浸种一次与浸种三次对种子萌发的影响差别不大。 相似文献
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复硝酚钠及其组分对大豆种子萌发的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用复硝酚钠及其有效组分邻硝基苯酚钠、对硝基苯酚钠和5-硝基愈创木酚钠对大豆浸种,通过研究发芽第1、3、5、7 天的大豆种子蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、可溶性糖含量和种子发芽情况,探讨复硝酚钠及其组分对大豆种子萌发的影响.结果表明:5 mg·L-1的5-硝基愈创木酚钠和10 mg·L-1复硝酚钠浸种均使大豆的芽重、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和种子活力增加,达到了5%的显著水平.同时使种子中的储藏蛋白质从第3天分解加速,脂肪的转化速率从第5天明显加快,可溶性糖含量始终低于其它处理.以上结果表明,5-硝基愈创木酚钠在大豆种子萌发中起主要作用. 相似文献
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选用鲁棉研21号为供试材料,分别开展室内发芽试验和田间小区试验,以评估有效成分质量分数为0.2%的咯菌腈·精甲霜·噻呋种子处理悬浮剂（FS）药液浸种对棉花苗期病害和黄萎病的防治效果。室内发芽试验结果表明,该药剂浸种处理能够促进种子萌发,并提高种子活力。播种第4天发芽势达73.33%,播种第7天发芽率和发芽指数分别为91.33%和31.29,均显著高于清水浸种处理和空白对照。田间小区试验结果显示,播种前使用该药剂浸种能够提高出苗率,对苗期病害的防治效果达62.46%;播种后第90天和第105天对黄萎病的防效分别为37.21%和23.23%,均显著高于清水浸种处理。本研究初步表明,使用0.2%咯菌腈·精甲霜·噻呋FS药液浸种处理对棉花种子安全,能够促进种子萌发,并可有效防治棉花苗期病害和黄萎病。 相似文献
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为了解青蒿素对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,运用室内培养皿法,分析了不同浓度的青蒿素溶液浸种后小麦种子发芽率及幼苗高度、根长、整株鲜重、根和茎鲜重及干重、根系活力等指标的变化。结果表明,青蒿素对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长有抑制作用,且浓度越高,抑制作用越显著。与无菌水对照相比,青蒿素浸种处理显著降低了小麦的种子发芽率、苗高、根长、根鲜重和茎的鲜、干重,增加了根干重和根冠比。小麦的根系活力和可溶性蛋白含量随青蒿素浓度的增加而递减,可溶性糖含量则随之递增,叶绿素含量则呈先升高后降低的趋势,以20mg·L-1处理含量最高。此外,青蒿素浸种处理对小麦幼苗各项指标的影响与15mg·L-1多效唑相似。 相似文献
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拉肖皂苷C对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
拉肖皂苷C(LG-C)与6-酮型油菜甾醇化合物结构相似,含有6-羰基活性官能团,表现出一定的油菜素甾醇类植物激素的生物活性。为进一步了解LG-C对植物生长的调控作用,以小偃22为材料,研究了LG-C浸种对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,适宜浓度的LG-C浸种对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长、根系活力、叶片含水量、叶绿素含量、渗透调节物质含量以及抗氧化能力具有明显的促进作用,而LG-C浓度过高会产生抑制作用,其中以0.005mg·L-1浓度处理总体效果最佳。与对照相比,0.005mg·L-1 LG-C浸种后,小麦种子发芽率、发芽指数和发芽势分别提高8.9%、50.2%和140.7%,苗长、根长、真叶长和幼苗干鲜重分别增加31.5%、86.9%、41.8%、29.1%和111.1%,SOD、POD、CAT活性和叶绿素含量提高了29.3%、120.5%、49.7%和36.9%,可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量分别提高了29.1%、75.9%和30.9%。 相似文献
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烯效唑浸种对大豆种子萌发及保护性酶系的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
烯效唑是一种延缓型植物生长调节剂,它能够抑制植物体内赤霉素的生物合成、减慢细胞伸长速度.为探讨烯效唑在大豆上的作用效果,以垦农四号大豆为材料,用发芽盒在人工气候箱中进行了大豆种子萌发试验.结果表明应用25～200 mg·L-1浓度范围的烯效唑浸种可降低大豆发芽势,但对发芽率影响不显著;在种子萌发过程中,随着烯效唑浓度升高,根鲜/干重降低;主/侧根粗增加;根长/体积减小,侧根数减少;在50 mg·L-1浓度范围内,随着烯效唑浓度升高,过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性增强,丙二醛含量降低.试验结果进一步证明了烯效唑能够矮化大豆植株生长,提高保护性酶的活性,增强大豆植株的抵抗逆境的能力. 相似文献
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以"日本青"大豆(Glycine max L.)种子为材料,研究了铬对大豆种子萌发的胁迫作用及水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA)对铬胁迫的缓解效应。结果表明:在0～200 mg·L-1铬浓度范围内,随铬胁迫浓度的增加,大豆种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数降低,大豆下胚轴丙二醛含量和相对电导率增加;铬胁迫显著(P<0.05)抑制大豆种子萌发的浓度为100 mg·L-1。0.05 mmol·L-1SA可缓解铬对大豆种子萌发的毒性。 相似文献
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酸雨胁迫下镧对水稻种子萌发及呼吸作用的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用胁迫强度为pH 2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5,4.0,4.5,5.0的模拟酸雨和具显效剂量的稀土镧[La(Ⅲ)]复合处理水稻种子,置于常温下萌发,测定镧对不同酸雨胁迫强度下种子萌发和呼吸指标的影响.结果表明,1.0 mg/L的La(Ⅲ)溶液浸种对水稻种子萌发有稳定促进作用,被确定为显效剂量.在高强度酸雨(pH 2.0～2.5)胁迫下,水稻种子的各项萌发指标均为0,低强度酸雨(pH 3.0～5.0)对种子萌发影响较小,当胁强为pH 2.0时,La(Ⅲ)浸种无明显效果,胁强为pH 2.5时,La(Ⅲ)浸种能促进部分水稻种子萌发,胁强为pH 4.0时,La(Ⅲ)浸种处理的各项萌发指标接近或超过对照,促进作用较明显.进一步测定La(Ⅲ)对特定剂量酸雨胁迫下呼吸作用的影响表明,经La(Ⅲ)浸种后种子呼吸速率显著增强,呼吸商更接近1.由此可见,La(Ⅲ)对种子萌发的促进作用可能与La(Ⅲ)浸种能提高种子呼吸速率,增加糖类呼吸基质等有关. 相似文献
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以野生大豆为材料,研究了外源硅(K2SiO3 )对NaCl胁迫下野大豆种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及胚生长的影响.结果表明:100 mmol·L-1 NaCl 胁迫浓度可以抑制野大豆种子的萌发,施加0.5和1.0 mmol·L-1 K2SiO3后,可以有效提高野大豆种子的萌发速度和萌发率,增加胚根和胚芽的长度.然而当K2SiO3浓度高于2.0 mmol·L-1时野大豆种子的萌发则受到抑制.外源施加适宜浓度的硅,可以增强野大豆种子在盐分胁迫下的萌发能力. 相似文献
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T.D. Setiyono K.G. Cassman J.E. Specht A. Dobermann A. Weiss H. Yang S.P. Conley A.P. Robinson P. Pedersen J.L. De Bruin 《Field Crops Research》2010
SoySim is a new soybean (Glycine max, L. Merr) simulation model that combines existing approaches for the simulation of photosynthesis, biomass accumulation and partitioning with several new components: (i) flowering based on floral induction and post-induction processes, (ii) leaf area index based on logistic expansion and senescence functions, (iii) integration of canopy photosynthesis using a beta function, and (iv) yield simulation based on assimilate supply and seed number. Simulation of above ground dry matter (ADM) and seed yield by SoySim were validated against data from field studies at Lincoln (NE), Mead (NE), Whiting (IA), and West Lafayette (IN) that included 147 site-year-cultivar-planting date-plant-plant population combinations. In each of the four field studies, agronomic management other than planting date and plant population was optimized to achieve growth with minimal limitation from pests, nutrients, or other controllable factors. SoySim requires just two genotype-specific and two crop management-specific input parameters and yet provides reasonable accuracy in simulating growth and yield under optimum growth conditions across a wide range of sowing dates, plant population, and yield (2.5–6.4 Mg ha−1) in the North-Central U.S. Corn Belt. Simulated seed yield had a RMSE of 0.46 Mg ha−1. Few cultivar-specific parameter input requirements, lack of requirements for specification of key developmental stages, and mechanistic treatment of phenological development, canopy photosynthesis, and seed dry matter accumulation give several advantages to SoySim for use in research and for use as a decision-support tool to evaluate the impact of crop management options on yield potential in favorable environments. 相似文献
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Numerous studies have tried to understand and model bubble growth inside dough. Experimental studies are inconvenienced by the methods’ inability to capture the dynamic phenomena. In this paper, a versatile experimental method was developed to allow for macroscopic expansion of wheat dough. The study evaluates expansion of a dough disk under varying: moisture content (40, 41, 42, 43, and 44% wb), leavening acid concentration (30, 40, and 50% db), pressure schemas, pressurizing gas (compressed air and CO2), and lubrication (Teflon® film coating and Pam® aerosol lubricant). Dough expansion increased 22.6% by increasing moisture content from 40 to 44%. Increased baking powder formulation (40% db) was used to enhance initial growth conditions and CO2 production. ‘Pressure pulse’ and ‘pressure vacuum methods’ added pressurization alternatively with full vacuum. The former method included a rest period before vacuum application, and increased expansion by 10.8%. Teflon® and Pam® reduced friction between the dough and acrylic plate and increased the final expansion by 14.7% compared to no lubricant following the ‘standard pressurization method’. ‘Pressure pulse’ and ‘pressure vacuum’ experiments decreased expansion by 28.4 and 38.2%, respectively compared to ‘standard pressurization’ while using Teflon® and Pam®. 相似文献
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Summary Stem elongation in a potato crop can be reduced by spraying the growth retardant B 995 on the foliage. This treatment generally
did not change the total dry matter production. Only in the last period of growth did B 995-treated plots show a higher total
dry weight than the untreated ones. This was caused by a slightly later senescence of the treated plots.
The B 995 treatment caused a marked change in the dry matter distribution: stem weight was decreased and tuber weight increased,
but leaf weight was generally not influenced. With plants showing considerable vegetative growth, these effects resulted in
an increased tuber yield. High nitrogen plots treated with B 995 combined a long productive periode with a favourable dry
matter distribution, producing a very high tuber yield at the end of the growing period. 相似文献
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The relationship between shoot growth and tuber yield in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) was studied under greenhouse conditions using paclobutrazol [(2R,3R + 2S,3S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(l,2-4-triazol-l-yl)-pentan-3-ol), PP333], a growth retardant. Concurrent with reduction of stem elongation by the application of paclobutrazol to base of the main stem was a decrease in the dry weight of the shoot and an increase in the dry weight of the tuber. The inhibitory effect of paclobutrazol on stem elongation was reversed by gibberellic acid A3 (GA3). Leaf content of raffinose sugar and chlorophyll increased upon paclobutrazol treatment. 相似文献
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P. HAYES 《Grass and Forage Science》1976,31(2):59-64
Investigations were conducted into the seed reserves, shoot and seminal root growth of Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Holcus lanatus and Poa trivialis. Data are presented for the caryopsis, palea and lemma weights of these species. Shoot lengths of Lolium and Festuca were very similar but seminal root lengths of Lolium were longer and emerged earlier than those of Festuca. The caryopsis in Lolium lost weight much more rapidly in germination than Festuca. Seedlings of Lolium and Festuca showed similar increases in shoot length but Lolium had more rapid rates of seminal root growth and weight loss from the caryopsis. It is suggested that poor field establishment of Festuca may be due to poor mobilization of seed reserves and consequential poor seminal root growth. The possibility of selecting for good seminal root development in Festuca to improve establishment is suggested. 相似文献
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D. Gray 《Potato Research》1973,16(1):80-84
Summary Single-stem plants cv.Maris Peer were grown in boxes with a tuber chamber attached so that the growth of individuol tubers could be followed. The length of
the tuber-bearing stolons decreased the further they were formed from the base of the stem. Tubers formed on stolons arising
from the basal nodes showed higher relative growth rates than those formed at nodes further from the base of the stem. 相似文献
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营养元素与植物生长调节剂对油菜花粉萌发的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用花粉离体培养技术研究营养元素与植物生长调节剂对油菜花粉萌发的影响。结果表明：在适宜的浓度范围内,硼、尿素、锌、钼、６－苄基腺嘌呤（ＢＡ）和萘乙酸（ＮＡＡ）对花粉萌发均有促进作用。０．０１％的硼砂和０．１％的尿素、０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ的硫酸锌、１０～４０ｍｇ／Ｌ的钼酸钠、１ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＢＡ和１０ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＮＡＡ促进花粉萌发及花粉管生长的作用最显著。 相似文献
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花生不同密度群体施用植物生长调节剂对生长发育和氮素代谢的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
花生不同密度群体喷施三十烷醇和Ｂ９，研究其对生长发育和氮素代谢的影响。三十烷醇对花生主茎生长和茎尖过氧化物酶活性无显著影响；Ｂ９则抑制了主茎生长，提高了主茎茎尖过氧化物酶活性。密度越大，Ｂ９的效果越明显。两种调节剂及密度对分枝及叶片出生速度无显著影响。三十烷醇增加了前期花而Ｂ９减少了后期花，密度的增大也减少前期花。三十烷醇和Ｂ９均提高了叶片硝酸还原酶活性（ＮＲ）和根瘤固氮活性，且两种调节剂具有累加效应，随着密度的增大，未喷Ｂ９的花生群体氮代谢受影响较大，喷Ｂ９的群体受影响较小。 相似文献