共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
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为获得滇丁香新种质、选育抗性新品种,用不同浓度的氨磺灵溶液浸泡滇丁香种子,以种子下胚轴膨大视为变异株,统计变异率和发芽率,通过形态学观察、气孔观察、染色体计数及流式细胞仪检测确定其倍性。结果表明：15μmol/L氨磺灵浸泡种子24 h为滇丁香多倍体诱导最佳方法,变异率达60.1%,发芽率为66.7%,获得2株四倍体植株;25μmol/L氨磺灵诱导24 h,变异率为50%,获得1株八倍体植株。滇丁香变异植株在株高、叶长、叶厚方面均与对照植株呈显著差异,多倍体滇丁香植株株型矮小、叶片畸形较圆润且变厚、叶色较深、叶毛茎毛粗长。多倍体植株气孔的长和宽及保卫细胞的长和宽均显著大于二倍体植株,且气孔密度显著小于二倍体植株。经流式细胞仪检测,不同倍性植株DNA含量近似倍数关系。经染色体计数,滇丁香二倍体植株染色体数目为2n=44,四倍体植株4n=88。四倍体滇丁香丙二醛含量极显著低于二倍体,而脯氨酸含量极显著高于二倍体。 相似文献
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秋水仙素对辣椒生长的影响及多倍体诱导效应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以秋水仙素为诱变剂,比较了不同浓度和不同处理时长组合下辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)的生长差异和多倍体诱导效应.结果表明:和对照植株相比,所有处理变异植株在形态上表现为叶片宽大,叶色较深,茎变粗且节间距长,气孔增大;相关指标都表现出显著或极显著的差异,而且随着处理强度的增加差异更为明显.秋水仙素诱导产生的变异植株经染色体倍性鉴定植株表征为嵌合体(2 n=24或2 n=48).相同处理时长下,不同浓度秋水仙素溶液对辣椒多倍体诱导效应差异显著,而对相同浓度下不同处理时长对植株叶片数和气孔面积影响差异不显著(P>0.05),其它指标差异极显著(P<0.01).秋水仙素浓度与处理时长之间存在交互作用,不同处理之间除气孔面积差异不显著之外,其它指标间差异显著或极显著.结合加倍率和植株死亡率综合分析后认为,用0.05%的秋水仙素溶液处理6天诱导效果最佳,诱导诱导加倍率可达26.1%. 相似文献
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《华北农学报》2015,(5)
为探索印度南瓜四倍体诱变方法,增加南瓜新的种质资源,以印度南瓜自交系M10-13-09为试材,秋水仙碱、氨磺乐灵为诱变剂对印度南瓜种子进行处理,获得同源四倍体印度南瓜,并从形态及一些生理指标上比较二倍体和四倍体的差异。发现诱变剂秋水仙碱最佳浓度为2.0 mg/m L,氨磺乐灵最佳浓度为0.05 mg/m L,其诱变率分别为0.33%和0.83%,染色体加倍后的数目为2n=4x=80,诱变剂氨磺乐灵比秋水仙碱诱变效果更好。与印度南瓜二倍体相比较,四倍体叶片变小、变厚,雌花开花节位明显降低,雄花花丝变粗,花冠颜色变深,多绒毛,生育期延长,果实表面色肋变宽,颜色变深;四倍体种子横径为1.0 cm,增加66.7%,纵径为1.2 cm,增加20%,颜色变深,发芽能力差,单果平均种子数目从122.0减少为30.3。四倍体南瓜伤流量大幅增加,光合效率增高90%,蒸腾速率增加20%,根系活力强于二倍体,果实生物总黄酮的含量增加50%。 相似文献
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不同浓度秋水仙素对贡蕉的多倍体诱导 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验以贡蕉胚性细胞悬浮系、胚性愈伤组织和多芽体为试验材料,利用不同浓度的秋水仙素溶液对不同外植体材料进行不同时间的诱变处理,以期获得染色体加倍的植株。结果表明,试验所用的胚性悬浮细胞系、胚性愈伤组织和多芽体三种不同外植体对秋水仙素处理的敏感性都较高,出现了不同程度的死亡,以0.4%(w/v)浓度的秋水仙素溶液处理多芽体48h诱导效果较好,多芽体的死亡率达到45.83%,接近半致死率,诱变率为18.64%。通过染色体计数和气孔鉴定,获得62株纯合四倍体小苗。诱变获得的植株的染色体数目加倍,叶片气孔数量减少,体积增大。本次试验为香蕉多倍体诱变育种和新种质的创新提供了技术参考和相关依据。 相似文献
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以秋水仙索为诱变剂，利用茎段浸泡和秋水仙素培养基2种方法对库拉索芦荟进行诱变，结果表明，茎段浸泡秋水仙素法诱导四倍体葡萄的效果优于秋水仙素培养基法，0．2％的秋水仙素处理4d变异效果最好，诱变率达到最高值41.5％。变异株叶片肥厚，叶色深绿，叶片表皮气孔保卫细胞中叶绿体数增多。 相似文献
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为了获得黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum Murr.)和宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)的多倍体,本研究分别以这两种植物的种子为原材料,用不同浓度的秋水仙素在不同时间下进行处理。通过茎尖染色体压片法、流式细胞法、叶片下表皮气孔观察法进行鉴定。结果表明:黑果枸杞对秋水仙素的耐性高,而宁夏枸杞的耐秋水仙素性和诱导率更高。黑果枸杞种子在秋水仙素浓度0.1%,处理36 h的条件下诱导率最高,为25%;宁夏枸杞种子在秋水仙素浓度0.1%,处理48 h的条件下诱导率最高,诱导率为33.33%。通过叶片下表皮气孔及保卫细胞大小确定植株倍性实验发现,当黑果枸杞平均保卫细胞长度达到102.07μm左右,宁夏枸杞平均保卫细胞长度达到71.33μm左右时,植株为四倍体的可能性大。该研究为获得大量黑果枸杞和宁夏枸杞多倍体育种材料提供了方法,并通过叶片下表皮气孔观察的方法提高了多倍体鉴定的效率,为进一步选育优良的枸杞新品种提供了新的材料和方法。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2015,(10)
本研究以二倍体的金线莲无菌苗顶芽为试验材料,选择二甲戊乐灵、处理时间为试验因子进行完全试验设计,研究离体培养条件下二甲戊乐灵对金线莲多倍体诱导的诱变效应。研究结果显示:金线莲对二甲戊乐灵较为敏感,随着二甲戊乐灵处理浓度和时间的增加,植株的死亡率和变异率升高。在二甲戊乐灵处理浓度为200μmol·L-1、处理时间8 d的条件下,对金线莲的诱变效果最佳,诱变率可达到44.17%。对诱导处理后获得的变异植株进行形态和细胞学鉴定,变异植株呈现茎秆粗壮、叶片宽大肥厚、气孔器变大以及保卫细胞叶绿体数增加等多倍体植物的特征,说明二甲戊灵能在离体条件下能有效诱导金线莲产生多倍体,可替代秋水仙素对金线莲细胞染色体的加倍作用,用于多倍体品种选育。 相似文献
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Polyploidization and early screening of Rhododendron hybrids 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Anu Väinölä 《Euphytica》2000,112(3):239-244
Polyploid induction represents a useful tool for breeders of floral crops as larger flowers, longer flowering period and deeper
colors can be achieved through chromosome doubling. This study aimed at testing the efficiency of colchicine and oryzalin
in inducing polyploidy in three Rhododendroncultivars grown in vitro. The chemicals were used in two concentrations with 24 h and 48 h treatment durations. The survival of the plants was better
in colchicine than in oryzalin solutions. The higher concentration of both chemical skilled more plantlets. The treatment
duration in oryzalin did not affect the survival, but 48 h in colchicine was more destructive than 24 h. The low survival
rate may not be a disadvantage, if the treatment induces desired ploidy. The ploidy levels were screened with flow cytometry.
Oryzalin was more efficient than cochicine in inducing polyploidy, the treatment duration and the concentration did not have
significant effects as main factors. The biggest proportion of solid tetraploids (18.2% of the survived plants) was obtained
from the 24 h treatment in 0.005% oryzalin. Immediately after the treatment the polyploids grew very slowly, whereas most
of the unaffected diploids were vigorous from the very beginning. More mixoploids than solid tetraploids were obtained in
all treatments. Most of the mixoploids retained their chimerism, one third shifted todiploidy and one single plant to tetraploidy.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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摘 要:以尾巨桉无性系DH3229组培苗的腋芽为处理材料,研究摇床、渗透剂,秋水仙素浓度和处理时间对该腋芽多倍体诱导效果的影响。结果表明：摇床和渗透剂的使用,秋水仙素的浓度及处理时间均能够明显的影响该无性系腋芽多倍体的诱导率。在使用摇床和添加渗透剂的情形下,0.2%的秋水仙素溶液处理24h可达最大诱导率56%。在秋水仙素处理液浓度小于0.05%时,无论如何改变其它条件均不能获得变异植株;当秋水仙素处理液浓度大于2%且处理时间长于48h时,处理过的腋芽的死亡率会快速上升,这直接阻碍了诱导率的进一步提高。 相似文献
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Umme Salma Suprabuddha Kundu Nirmal Mandal 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2017,20(1):9-19
Medicinal plants are in huge demand since the consumption is widespread and ever-increasing globally. The conventional breeding programs are generally environmental dependent; prone to different biotic and abiotic stresses as well as the secondary metabolite content is too low to harvest. In this context, developing polyploid individuals artificially would be a remarkable approach to increase vigor and attain this objective. Polyploids often exhibit some morphological features that are different or greater in forms than their diploid progenies. Polyploidization can be induced by quite a few antimitotic agents. The most frequently used antimitotic chemicals are colchicine, trifluralin, and oryzalin. The whole method of induced chromosome doubling consists of a series of steps, including an induction phase, regrowth phase, and a confirmation technique to evaluate the rate of achievement. The induction phase depends on different factors, such as explant types, antimitotic agents, its different concentrations, and exposure durations. To evaluate the accomplishment of polyploidization, morphological or anatomical observations are recorded as a rapid method. However, chromosome count and flow cytometry are the most eminent method for absolute confirmation. Despite significant prospects of polyploidization, there has been very little research on medicinal plants. The current review gives an overview of the different parameters of in vitro chromosome doubling, the history of the technique, and progress made over the last two decades. 相似文献
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芒属植物多倍体诱导技术的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
芒属植物是一种新兴的纤维素类生物质能源植物。为了提高芒属植物生物质产量和开发具有抗逆性的新品种,国内外广泛开展了关于其多倍体育种的研究。近年来,通过对其体外再生和诱变育种等方面进行研究,取得了一些重要成果。本研究从芒属植物体外培养时外植体的选择,愈伤和丛生芽的诱导,多倍体诱导过程中秋水仙碱和氨磺灵的处理,倍性鉴定方法这几个方面对芒属植物多倍体诱导的相关研究做了综述,并对芒属植物多倍体育种的应用和发展前景提出了展望。 相似文献
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Oryzalin as an Efficient Agent for Chromosome Doubling of Haploid Apple Shoots in vitro 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
In an outbreeding species such as apple, haploid plants may be especially useful in breeding programmes for the production of homozygous material. However, methods must be available to induce chromosome doubling in the haploid plants. Two antimitotic agents, colchicine and oryzalin, were compared as regards their efficiency in inducing chromosome doubling of in vitro haploid apple shoots. Three colchicine levels (0.025, 0.25 and 1.25 mM) and three oryzalin levels (5, 15 and 30 μM) were evaluated. Three techniques were also used and compared. Survival rate and chromosome counts were determined. Differences were observed between the two antimitotic agents and between the three techniques. This study demonstrates that oryzalin could be a better choice than colchicine for chromosome doubling on haploid apple shoots in vitro. 相似文献
16.
Iraci Sinski Daniela Dal Bosco Neiva Izabel Pierozzi João Dimas Garcia Maia Patrícia Silva Ritschel Vera Quecini 《Euphytica》2014,196(2):299-311
The efficiency of in vitro polyploidization depends on several variables associated to the plant, the antimicrotubule agent and the interactions between them. In the present work, we have used response-surface methodology to determine the best operating conditions for plant recovery in polyploidization assays for shoot apices and somatic embryos of two seedless grape cultivars, employing colchicine and oryzalin. Explant type, tubulin-interfering compound and concentration were the critical factors determining plant recovery. Linear reduction in viable plant regeneration via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis was obtained by increasing oryzalin concentrations and treatment time, whereas the effects of colchicine were better described by a quadratic design for both explants types. The conditions promoting higher rates of plant recovery were used in chromosome doubling experiments with oryzalin and colchicine for shoot apices and somatic embryos of ‘Crimson seedless’ and ‘BRS Clara’. The established protocols allowed the recovery of non-chimerical autotetraploid plants at rates higher than 30 % for both cultivars. Stomata size parameters statistically correlate to the ploidy level of the regenerants and were effective for preliminary polyploidy screening. Autotetraploid lines of seedless grapes were incorporated into the Vitis germplasm bank for further agronomical evaluations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of in vitro oryzalin induced polyploidization of grapevine and of the use of mathematical modeling to optimize chromosome doubling in plants. 相似文献
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Doubling the chromosome number of bahiagrass via tissue culture 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Kenneth H. Quesenberry Judith M. Dampier Y. Y. Lee Rex L. Smith Carlos A. Acuña 《Euphytica》2010,175(1):43-50
Crop improvement in bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) is limited by apomixis in most natural tetraploids, however, diploid sexual types occur. Production of sexual tetraploids
by chromosome doubling will allow hybridization with apomictic tetraploids. Diploid bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) embryogenic callus tissue was exposed to three concentrations of three antimitotic chemical agents, colchicine, oryzalin
and trifluralin. Callus was generated to plants and ploidy was evaluated by stomata size, mitotic chromosome counts, and flow
cytometry. A total of 310 plants were verified as tetraploid of 1,432 plants that reached transplanting size. All treatments
yielded 4x plants. The mean percentage success over all treatments was 22%, with means of 31% for oryzalin, 24% for colchicine and 16%
for trifluralin. The high rates of success indicate that all agents can be successfully used to double chromosome numbers
in bahiagrass. The percentage of 4x plants ranged from 9% (20 μM trifluralin) to 43% (20 μM oryzalin). Several treatments adversely affected regeneration. Mitotic
chromosome counts are difficult and labor intensive in bahiagrass. Therefore, leaf stomata measurements were used as a preliminary
screen. Data gave a bimodal distribution with overlapping tails and based on chromosome counts would have given an error rate
of 12%. Flow cytometry analysis of regenerated plants resulted in mean nucleus fluorescence distributions consistent with
control diploid or tetraploid values. These values agreed with chromosome counts, and this method is recommended for determining
bahiagrass ploidy level. Research goals and available resources should be taken into consideration when selecting a treatment
for chromosome doubling in bahiagrass. 相似文献
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为获得高产优质的不结球白菜四倍体苏州青,本研究使用浓度分别为0.1%,0.2%及0.3%的秋水仙素溶液,点滴处理二倍体苏州青幼苗植株的子叶生长点,进行5次处理后,通过形态学和细胞学方法筛选鉴定四倍体苏州青植株,并比较二、四倍体苏州青的农艺性状及品质差异。结果表明：秋水仙素浓度为0.2%时加倍效果最好。形态解剖学鉴定结果表明：四倍体在株型、叶片、花、种荚、种子大小都有较明显的变大趋势;四倍体植株叶片气孔较二倍体变大,气孔密度变小;同时四倍体植株花粉粒比二倍体更膨大,更不规则;细胞学鉴定结果表示,四倍体植株染色体数为40条,二倍体植株为20条;通过流式细胞仪鉴定,四倍体植株荧光强度约为二倍体的2倍。通过品质比较分析,结果显示四倍体苏州青的各项生理指标含量较于二倍体均有不同。通过农艺性状比较,单株质量、叶宽、叶厚都有一定程度的增加。本研究利用秋水仙素操作技术,抑制有丝分裂后期纺锤丝的形成,实现染色体加倍,创制不结球白菜新种质,为选育四倍体不结球白菜提供理论基础和种质资源。 相似文献
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The aim was to develop an efficient chromosome doubling method for Miscanthus sinensis to enable the production of triploids and so avoid seed dispersal to the environment. Antimitotic treatments with colchicine or oryzalin were tested in M. sinensis cl. MS‐88‐110 on: (1) in vitro shoots and plants established in soil; (2) during propagation of embryogenic callus; and (c) during the initial stages of callus induction. All systems produced chromosome‐doubled plants. A higher percentage of tetraploids was found after antimitotic treatment at the explant or callus level compared with treatment of in vitro shoots or plants established in soil. In general, oryzalin was more toxic to plant material than colchicine. A higher frequency of chimeras was found among plants with altered ploidy level when the target was formed shoot buds compared with adventitious shoot formation from callus. Antimitotic treatment of embryogenic callus from shoot apices also resulted in a high degree of albinism. 相似文献