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1.
The selenoprotein phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) is highly expressed in testes under gonadotropin control. The expression patterns of PHGPx mRNA by 17beta-estradiol (E2) as an estrogen and tamoxifen (Tam) as an estrogen antagonist were investigated in the reproductive organs of male rats. Twelve-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subcutaneously injected with E2 (7.5 microg/kg/day) or Tam (5 mg/kg/day) for 1 week. The E2 treatment significantly increased the levels of PHGPx mRNA in both testes and prostates, whereas the Tam treatment significantly decreased the levels of PHGPx mRNA, compared to the vehicle control (p<0.01). The treatment with E2 or Tam slightly decreased the levels of PHGPx mRNA in epididymides. In histopathological examination, severe vacuolization and depletion of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules, cell debris in the tubular lumen, and mild proliferative changes in interstitial tissues were observed in the testes of Tam-treated rats, whereas only mild spermatogonial proliferation was observed in the seminiferous tubules of E2-treated rats. There were no typical histopathological changes in the epididymides of any of the laboratory rats but mild epithelial proliferation in the prostates of E2- and Tam-treated rats. These results suggest that PHGPx mRNA expression may be influenced by estrogen in the male reproductive organs.  相似文献   

2.
In a 196‐day feeding trial, 48 male crossbred rabbits (New Zealand × Chinchilla) were randomly assigned and fed varied dietary fumonisin levels of 0.13, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg fumonisin B1/kg diet constituting treatments 1 (control), 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Five animals were randomly selected, stunned and killed per treatment. Relative weight of various visceral organs examined except heart and adrenal gland were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. Liver and spleen weights of rabbits fed 10.0 mg fumonisin per kg were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those fed control diet and diet 2. Kidney and testes weights were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in rabbits fed control diet and increased with increase in the dietary fumonisin levels. Histological examination of the organs revealed that rabbits fed diets 2, 3 and 4 showed increased severe lesion of approximately 20%, 40% and 60%, respectively, of the total slides examined for each treatment. Forty per cent and 80% of the rabbits fed diets containing 7.5 and 10.0 mg/kg fumonisin, respectively, showed severe necrosis whereas 40%, 60% and 20% of the rabbits fed 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg/kg, respectively, showed mild–moderate liver necrosis/lesions as compared with non‐significant lesion observed in the controls. Testicles of rabbits fed diets 3 and 4 showed mild–moderate lesions and sertoli cell degeneration. Tunica mucosa erosion was observed and predominant in the stomach and small intestine of rabbits fed 7.5 and 10.0 mg fumonisin per kg diet. This suggested that fumonisin B1 above 5.0 mg/kg in rabbit diet is toxic to body organs with potential to induce their hypofunction or total damage.  相似文献   

3.
We examined 28 suckling, weanling, and young adult rabbits with lethargy, inappetence, and mucinous, semifluid feces. Sixteen of the rabbits had intestinal lesions. In eight of these rabbits, the primary changes were multifocal to diffuse epithelial proliferation and accumulation of lymphocytes, macrophages, or both in the lamina propria of the small intestine, cecum, and sacculated colon. In two of these rabbits, the accumulation of macrophages in the lamina propria was extensive. The other eight rabbits had erosive and suppurative cecocolitis, and four of the rabbits with proliferative lesions also had suppurative cecocolitis. In Warthin-Starry-stained sections of affected intestine, curved or spiral bacteria were visible within degenerated or hyperplastic epithelium, in luminal exudate, or in both. Such organisms were sparse or not found in the other 12 rabbits, which did not have intestinal lesions. The bacteria ultrastructurally resembled intraepithelial Campylobacter-like bacteria previously observed in proliferative enteritis in a variety of species and in acute typhlitis in young rabbits. In immunofluorescence tests, Campylobacter-like bacteria in epithelial cells, crypt lumina, and in luminal exudates in both proliferative and erosive lesions bound monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antisera prepared against intracellular bacteria found in proliferative enteritis in pigs, hamsters, and ferrets. These observations indicate that a condition similar to proliferative enteritis of swine, hamsters, and other species also occurs in laboratory rabbits.  相似文献   

4.
Atrophic rhinitis was detected in New Zealand White rabbits when upper respiratory tract disease was evaluated during a vaccine field trial for the prevention of pasteurellosis. Of 52 adult rabbits euthanatized and necropsied, 26 (50%) had evidence of turbinate atrophy. Atrophy was detected in 77% of rabbits with Pasteurella multocida infection only, 71% of rabbits with concurrent P multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica infections, and 6% of rabbits with B bronchiseptica infection only. Grossly, turbinate atrophy was characterized by a mild to severe loss or diminution in the maxilloturbinates. Histologically, turbinate bones were small and irregular in thickness and had numerous osteoclasts and osteoblasts. A neutrophilic exudate filled the nasal passages, and infiltrates of neutrophils and lymphocytes were detected in the mucosa and submucosa of the nasal turbinates. Rhinitis was significantly (P less than 0.001) associated with turbinate atrophy. Isolates of P multocida from rabbits with turbinate atrophy were serotype A:12.  相似文献   

5.
Calicivirus infection is the major cause of the severe decrease in the stocks of wild and farm rabbits that has occurred worldwide during the last two decades. Adult rabbits (10-weeks-old) were experimentally infected with a calicivirus inoculum that killed all animals by causing rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) within 24-62 h of infection. The rabbits were used to evaluate blood cell numbers and serum biochemistry every 6h, starting 12h after the inoculation of the caliciviruses. No significant changes in blood parameters were observed in most of the rabbits up to 18 h of infection. Severe leukopenia was seen 6h before death of the infected rabbits; both heterophils and lymphocytes contributed to the decrease in circulating white blood cells. Platelets were also severely decreased in number. Marked enhancement in liver enzymes was seen 6-12 h before death of the infected rabbits. There was also evidence both for cholestasis, as expressed by the elevated levels of direct (conjugated) bilirubin, and for hypoglycemia, an alteration that it is likely to contribute for the seizures that rabbits show during the late stages of RHD. Liver ultrastructure of rabbits that died from RHD revealed extensive hepatocyte vacuolization, severe changes in mitochondrial structure, and depletion of glycogen granules. We conclude that: (i) severe leukopenia characterizes the final hours of calicivirus-induced RHD; (ii) hypoglycemia and cholestasis precede death of rabbits from RHD; (iii) the kinetics of liver enzymes allows an accurate prediction of the time of death of rabbits from calicivirus-induced RHD.  相似文献   

6.
中药黄芪多糖的免疫佐剂作用   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13  
分别将黄芪多糖提取物、白油-吐温、氢氧化铝作为佐剂制备金黄色葡萄球菌灭活苗混合免疫家兔和奶牛,观察家兔免疫前后血清抗体滴度变化以及攻毒后白细胞数目变化和淋巴细胞百分比变化。对奶牛免疫后测其血清抗体和乳汁中体细胞数变化,结果注射疫苗后乳汁中体细胞数都有所下降,黄芪多糖组较其它组下降较快,幅度较大。黄芪多糖和抗原混合物免疫动物后未见不良反应,且抗原免疫血清抗体比氢氧化铝和白油-吐温佐剂组的抗体滴度增加快,幅度显著增高且抗体维持一个较高水平,而攻毒后家兔白细胞数和淋巴细胞数也较氢氧化铝和白油-吐温佐剂组增加较多。因此黄芪多糖是一种有效的佐剂。  相似文献   

7.
The cutaneous hypersensitivity test was used to correlate host resistance to ticks and type of reactions elicited by Aomblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) tick extract in rabbits. Rabbits were divided into 3 groups of 2 animals each: naive, pre-infested and control. Cutaneous hypersensitivity was induced by intradermal inoculation of 25 microg extract in 0.03 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) in rabbit ears. Control rabbits were inoculated with PBS only. The ear thickness was measured with a Mitutoyo device before and 10 min, 1, 2, 4, 18, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-inoculation (PI). Pre-infested rabbits showed an immediate type reaction within the 1st 10 min PI (60% increase in ear thickness) and a delayed reaction (18 h) (85% increase), whereas the naive rabbits showed only the immediate reaction within the 1st 4 h (60% increase). PBS induced only mild reactions. These results point out the crucial role of the cellular immune response of rabbits in the expression of resistance to A. cajennense.  相似文献   

8.
The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic value of measuring serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations in milk of individual ewes and in farm bulk milk for monitoring udder health. Udder health was calculated by examining a randomly selected group of seven flocks at each farm visit by means of California mastitis test and bacteriological examination of 5749 milk samples. SAA was determined additionally in 267 randomly selected milk samples from six flocks. Thirty-one bulk milk samples from these farms were tested for SCC and SAA levels. Subclinical infections were detected in 29.5% of samples whereas no clinical infections were observed. Intramammary infected udder halves showed significantly elevated SAA concentrations (121.3+/-25.3 microg/ml) in milk compared to the levels of healthy udder halves (8.0+/-1.9 microg/ml; p<0.001). SAA was significantly elevated in sheep with elevated CMT scores and positive bacteriological results. Bulk milk SAA levels ranged from 18.6+/-6.7 to 37.4+/-14.1 microg/ml and showed a positive correlation with bSCC (r=0.38, p=0.018) but not with percent infected glands (r=0.022, p=0.453). This study demonstrated that SAA levels in milk can be used to detect subclinical mastitis in individual ewes whereas further investigations are needed to determine the value of measuring SAA in bulk milk for monitoring flock udder health.  相似文献   

9.
Trypsin-like immunoreactivity and total alpha-macroglobulin levels were assessed in serum and plasma samples taken at presentation from 60 cases of spontaneous canine acute pancreatitis of varying clinical severity. Total alpha-macroglobulin was significantly decreased in all severity groups when compared to 119 healthy controls, however there were no significant differences between severity groups. Trypsin-like immunoreactivity was significantly elevated above assay reference range in all groups. Trypsin-like immunoreactivity was significantly elevated in dogs with severe disease when compared to those with mild disease. These results suggest that zymogen release and protease activation, while components of the pathology of spontaneous canine acute pancreatitis, are not directly associated with the onset of multiple organ failure seen in the most severe cases.  相似文献   

10.
Pan B  Wang M  Xu F  Wang Y  Dong Y  Pan Z 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,137(3-4):386-390
Thirty rabbits naturally infected with ear mange mite, Psoroptes cuniculi, were subcutaneously administrated with a single dose of eprinomectin at 100, 200 and 300 microg/kg body weight or vehicle on day 0. The extent of lesions was scored on day -6 (prior to treatment), day 0 (treated), days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35, the ear scabs were collected simultaneously; mites in scabs were examined and counted. The results showed that a single dose of eprinomectin at 200 or 300 microg/kg body weight following subcutaneous administration was able to eliminate P. cuniculi infection in rabbits, and a dose of eprinomectin at 100 microg/kg could significantly reduce mites but was unable to eliminate P. cuniculi.  相似文献   

11.
Fourteen cattle on a Kansas pasture died from ingestion of a wood preservative compound containing sodium fluoride and copper naphthenate. Clinical signs included depression, anorexia, ataxia, diarrhea, and recumbency. Grossly visible lesions included perirenal edema, pale kidneys, and forestomach ulceration. All 3 cows that had postmortem evaluations had extensive renal cortical tubular necrosis. Tissue concentrations of fluoride were slightly elevated above expected background levels, while copper tissue concentrations were not elevated. The findings indicated that the sodium fluoride caused renal tubular necrosis leading to renal failure. Copper naphthenate may have contributed to abomasal ulceration; however, tissue copper concentrations indicated that copper from the formulation was not appreciably absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.  相似文献   

12.
Growing (35 kg body weight) and finishing (85 kg body weight) swine challenged with endotoxin (Escherichia coli O55:B5) at a dose of either 2 or 20 microg/kg produced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha in a dose-response relationship as measured by bioassay. Peak TNFalpha plasma levels were observed 1-2 hr post-challenge, returning to basal values 4 hr post-challenge. However, both an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for swine TNFalpha and total human TNFalpha demonstrated no dose-response relationship; peak plasma levels of immunoreactive TNFalpha were also observed 1-2 hr post-challenge. Maximal plasma interleukin-6 levels occurred 1-2 hr post-challenge and remained elevated through 8 hr post-challenge; there was no effect of lipopolysaccharide dose or metabolic status. Although the metabolic status of the animals also affected glucose levels, with growing animals exhibiting greater sensitivity compared with finishing animals, endotoxin-induced decreases in blood glucose levels were primarily dose-dependent. In contrast, changes in plasma urea nitrogen and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were strictly related to the metabolic status. Urea nitrogen levels were unchanged in growing swine, whereas they were increased in finishing swine and remained elevated 24 hr post-challenge. FFA levels in growing and finishing swine increased 3-6 hr post-challenge. FFA levels returned to basal values for finishing swine 24 hr post challenge, but in growing swine remained elevated 24 hr post-challenge. Plasma aspartate transaminase levels were increased through 24 hr post-challenge; animals given a dose of 20 microg/kg exhibited the greatest increase. Similarly, swine challenged with a dose of 20 microg/kg also exhibited the greatest increase in levels of conjugated bilirubin; there was no effect on unconjugated (free) bilirubin. These results demonstrate that endotoxin challenge of swine result in a pattern of changes that are dependent on both the dose of endotoxin used and the metabolic status of the animal examined.  相似文献   

13.
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and Pasteurella multocida bacteria cause severe losses among rabbit populations. The efficacy of a recently developed bivalent vaccine against pasteurellosis and RHDV was investigated. Doses exceeding 2 haemagglutinating units (HU) of viral antigen were sufficient to protect rabbits against infection with RHDV. The bivalent vaccine appeared to be safe for use in all age groups of rabbits, including pregnant females, even after treatment with 20 times the normal vaccine dose. Rabbits injected with 8 or 4 HU of bivalent vaccine showed high antibody titres against both organisms for 9 months after inoculation. The antibody levels against RHDV in young rabbits at 30 days of age were elevated when they originated from mothers with high antibody titres. The most suitable period for vaccination of offspring appeared to be around 50 days of age. The bivalent vaccine against pasteurellosis and RHDV combined speed and longevity of the immune response. Immune protection against pasteurellosis and RHDV can thus be achieved with only one manipulation.  相似文献   

14.
Cutaneous mucinosis affects primarily shar-pei dogs. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is considered to be the main component of mucin and CD44 is the major cell surface receptor of HA, necessary for its uptake and catabolism. The aims of this study were to identify the composition of the mucin in cutaneous mucinosis of shar-pei dogs, investigate the correlation between the deposition of HA and the expression of CD44, and determine whether shar-pei dogs with cutaneous mucinosis presented with elevated levels of serum HA. In skin biopsies, the mucinous material was stained intensely with Alcian blue and bound strongly by the hyaluronan-binding protein. No correlation was found between the degree of HA deposition in the dermis and the expression of CD44 in the skin of shar-pei dogs affected or unaffected by cutaneous mucinosis. A clear positive correlation was found between the existence of clinical mucinosis and the serum HA concentration. In control dogs, serum HA ranged from 155.53 to 301.62 microg L(-1) in shar-pei dogs; without mucinosis it ranged from 106.72 to 1251.76 microg L(-1) and in shar-pei dogs with severe mucinosis it ranged between 843.51 to 2330.03 microg L(-1). Altogether, the results reported here suggest that mucinosis of shar-pei dogs is probably the consequence of a genetic defect in the metabolism of HA.  相似文献   

15.
AIMS: To investigate the relationship between loss of parts of the pinna in rabbits and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (MD). METHODS: A case-control study design was employed. Rabbits with ear lesions were shot on farms in various locations in the South Island of New Zealand. For each case, an attempt was made to obtain a sex and size-matched control rabbit from the same farm on the same day. Serum samples were collected immediately after shooting. The serum samples were tested for RHD titres from 1:lO to 1:640. A selection of affected ears was examined histologically. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the relationship between ear loss and RHD antibody status at various serological cut-off levels. RESULTS: Affected ears were characterised by firm cartilaginous nodules and ridges, folding of the ear or loss of pinna to form a notch or complete loss of the outer pinna from about 052.0 cm above the intertragic notch. Histological changes in affected ears consisted mostly of focal mineralisation in the auricular cartilage, proliferation of cartilaginous tissue and loss of cartilage. The serological findings showed a significant association between rabbits with ear lesions and elevated RHD titres. CONCLUSION: The loss of the outer pinna in the rabbits under study was due to degenerative and hyperplastic changes in the auricular cartilage with distortion of the pinna, withering and loss of the outer pinna. The serological findings suggests that RHD is a likely factor in the development of the ear lesions.  相似文献   

16.
The effects of 10 weeks of dietary selenium and/or vitamin E deficiency (< 0.03 mg Se and 1.5 mg vitamin E per kg diet) on body Se and vitamin E stores and on the down-regulation of liver cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) were examined in growing female New Zealand White rabbits in comparison to Se (+ 0.40 mg Se/kg diet) and/or vitamin E (+ 150 I.U./kg diet) supplemented controls. Additionally plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, liver thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) and liver protein carbonyls were measured to assess the development of oxidative stress during an alimentary Se and/or vitamin E deficiency. Significantly decreased concentrations of Se and vitamin E in plasma (Se: − 70%; vitamin E: − 87%) and liver (Se: − 90%; vitamin E: − 95%) indicated an efficacious Se and vitamin E depletion of the rabbits within 10 weeks. GPx1 messenger RNA levels (GPx1 mRNA) in the livers of Se-depleted rabbits were down-regulated to 1/3–1/8 of the Se supplemented controls. GPx1 enzyme activity in the livers of Se-deficient rabbits declined to 10% of the Se-supplied control rabbits. A significantly elevated LDH activity in the blood plasma of Se- and vitamin E-deficient rabbits indicated a general impairment of tissues. Markedly increased TBA-RS concentrations and protein carbonyl contents in the livers of Se- and vitamin E-deficient rabbits gave further evidence for severe oxidative damage of cellular lipids and proteins during an alimentary Se and/or vitamin E deficiency. Both a full expresssion of GPx1 attained by dietary Se supplementation and dietary vitamin E supply effected an almost complete protection against oxidative cellular damage of the liver.  相似文献   

17.
A 10-year-old uncastrated male Dalmatian dog was referred for gait abnormalities consisting of chronic progressive stiffness and rigidity. Other symptoms were polyphagia associated with weight gain, polyuria and polydipsia, excessive panting, and an inspiratory stridor. The owner had noticed progressive thickening of the skin and enlargement of the tongue over the last 3 years. Physical examination revealed thickening of the skin, redundant skin folds, and enlargement of the tongue. The only remarkable abnormalities found on routine laboratory examination were mild anaemia and an increased serum fructosamine concentration. Circulating concentrations of total thyroxine, free thyroxine, and cTSH, and the results of an ACTH stimulation test were all within reference ranges. The basal serum growth hormone (GH) concentration was markedly elevated (23microg/l) and did not decrease during a glucose tolerance test or after somatostatin administration. The serum insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration was also markedly elevated (1254microg/l). Basal serum insulin concentration was high (95mU/l) and insulin concentrations increased considerably after glucose loading, consistent with insulin resistance. Abdominal ultrasonography showed no abnormalities. Survey radiographs of the vertebral column showed severe spondylosis deformans extending from the cervical to the lumbosacral spine. CT scanning of the skull showed an enlarged pituitary gland with normal enhancement pattern. On post-mortem examination, the entire vertebral column appeared as a single and inflexible structure due to the presence of multiple fused osteophytes. The pituitary gland contained an acidophilic adenoma that immunostained positively for GH (and negatively for ACTH and alpha-MSH). In conclusion, this Dalmatian dog with acromegaly and insulin resistance represents the first case of GH hypersecretion proven to be due to a somatotroph adenoma.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVES: To compare results of a nonradioactive colorimetric microplate assay with results of a traditional radioactive proliferation assay for determination of its use as a reliable and accurate alternative method for determination of proliferative activity of feline lymphocytes. SAMPLE POPULATION: Blood samples from 10 clinically normal domestic shorthair cats. PROCEDURE: Double-density gradient separation was used to isolate mononuclear cells. Isolated cells were stimulated with various concentrations of concanavalin A (Con-A) and cultured for 72 hours. Lymphocyte proliferation was measured by radioactive ([3H]thymidine) and nonradioactive (colorimetric) techniques. Immunophenotypic analysis with feline-specific CD4+ and CD8+ monoclonal antibody was performed, using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Mononuclear cells were successfully isolated (97 to 99% purity and viability) from blood samples. A similar dose-dependent proliferative response to Con-A stimulation was measured with [3H]thymidine incorporation and the colorimetric assay. For both techniques, concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 microg of Con-A/ml were submitogenic, and 100 microg/ml was toxic to cultured cells. For both techniques, maximal proliferation was observed with 5 microg of Con-A/ml. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results indicate that the nonradioactive colorimetric technique is a reliable and accurate method for measuring proliferative activity of feline lymphocytes. Clinically, this assay can be used as part of a screening process to determine immunocompetence of at-risk cats and to evaluate treatments for cats with immune-mediated or T-cell-dependent diseases.  相似文献   

19.
In order to study the influence of different doses of sodium fluoride on rex rabbit,rex rabbit fluorosis model was established and the fluorine contents of blood,bone,liver,kidney and other organs in rex rabbit were examined to provide a theoretical reference for the further research. Rex rabbits (age (30±5) days,weight (1.1±0.2) kg) were divided into three groups:Control group,test group Ⅰ (10 mg/(kg·d) NaF group) and test group Ⅱ (20 mg/(kg·d) NaF group). The tests lasted 100 d. The results showed that,on the 100th day,fluoride contents of bone and tooth were significantly different (P<0.05),and they were positively correlated with the time and intake of fluoride;The fluoride contents of kidney and liver were slightly different (P>0.05),and they were not significantly different between both test groups (P>0.05).The fluoride contents of blood were not significantly different between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (P>0.05),but both had no significant changes compared with control group (P<0.05). Sodium fluoride as a fluoride source could be used to simulate the natural state of rex rabbit fluorine poisoning. The fluoride accumulating ability in bone and tooth were stronger while the ability in blood,liver and kidney were weaker.  相似文献   

20.
王量  范红结 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(7):2160-2164
为研究不同剂量氟化钠对獭兔的影响,试验建立獭兔氟中毒模型并对獭兔血液、骨骼、肝脏、肾脏等器官氟含量进行测定。试验獭兔日龄（30±5） d,体重（1.1±0.2） kg,数量24只,分为3组：对照组、试验Ⅰ组（10 mg/（kg·d）氟化钠组）和试验Ⅱ组（20 mg/（kg·d）氟化钠组）,试验共100 d。结果表明,试验第100天测定的骨骼和牙齿氟含量在各组之间均差异显著（P<0.05）,且骨骼和牙齿的含氟量随时间和摄入氟剂量的增加而递增;肾脏和肝脏氟含量在各组之间均差异不显著（P>0.05）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组间血液氟含量差异不显著（P>0.05）,但都与对照组差异显著（P<0.05）。氟化钠作为氟化物来源可用来建立獭兔自然状态氟中毒症,骨骼和牙齿累积氟能力强,血液、肝脏和肾脏累积氟能力弱。本试验为进一步研究獭兔氟中毒及其防制提供了理论参考。  相似文献   

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