共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
八倍体小黑麦体细胞无性系性状变异 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
利用八倍体小黑麦‘h739’护颖分化期幼穗作外植体,成功地建立了愈伤组织诱导和再生程序,并获得了长期保持胚性的无性系。经446天继代培养后,在HC-0、HC-4和HC-5三个无性系再生植株中观察到广泛的形态变异,包括育性、株高、抽穗期、穗形和穗颈毛等。在SC_1代中这些变异除抽穗期外均有较坚实的遗传基础。SC_2代的表现表明,在SC_1代发生的是隐性突变或纯合突变更长时间(852天)继代后,无性系变异更丰富,但育性明显下降,有害突变增加,所以在体细胞无性系变异中也有一个适宜的继代时间问题。 相似文献
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γ射线对小麦幼胚愈伤组织诱变效应的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
用~(60)Coγ射线辐照小麦幼胚愈伤组织,可使愈伤组织分化成苗率达50％左右,适宜剂量为1～1.5krad。利用温室加代,在工年时间内可获得γR_0、γR_1两代种子,γR_0代长势弱,出现植株矮化、穗变小及不育株的变异,但基本不遗传,仅有少数穗形、壳色、芒性、籽粒等变异可遗传。γR_1代株高、穗形、壳色、芒性及籽粒性状都有较大变异,总变异率48％～65％,而未经辐照处理的对照,γR_1代的总变异率为32％～38％。γR_1代是选育优良单株的主要世代。γR_1代的变异性状在γR_2代中有80％趋于稳定,γR_2是选育优良无性系的较好世代。同工酶分析表明,各优良无性系与亲本相比都有其特征酯酶带。 相似文献
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苹果体细胞无性系变异的RAPD评估 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
以苹果栽培品种Gala试管苗叶片为材料 ,将叶片刺伤后接种于附加了BA1mg L、2 ,4 D 0 5mg L和NAA 5mg L的MS培养基 ,黑暗培养 7d后转移至附加BA1mg L的MS培养基 ,继续暗培养 40d ,97%叶片发生直接类型体细胞胚胎 ,单位叶片平均再生体细胞胚胎 2 5个。对来自同一植株上的前 3片展开叶中的 1片叶进行组织培养 ,再生得到 1 5株直接体细胞胚胎发生、植株再生后代。应用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分析技术 ,以供体 (原初供体 )为对照进行了供体和再生体间及再生体彼此之间体细胞无性系变异研究 ,没有观察到供体和再生体间及再生体彼此之间有DNA多态性 ;接着用同样的方法对上述 1 5株体细胞胚胎植株随机抽取 7个单株单叶进行培养 ,得到二代直接体细胞胚胎植株 ,分别从 7个单株单叶再生的二代植株中各随机抽取 1株 ,再次用RAPD方法进行原初供体和二代再生体间及二代再生体之间体细胞无性系变异分析 ,结果二代直接体细胞胚胎植株 5和引物OPF 0 6组合中出现一条多态带 ,其分子量约为 90 0bp,命名为OPF 0 690 0 ,重复 3次多态性稳定。结果表明 ,苹果离体叶片直接体细胞胚胎发生途径再生植株的体细胞无性系变异率接近自然变异率 相似文献
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花药组织培养和小麦×玉米杂交技术应用于产生小麦单倍体的比较研究 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
两个春小麦品种意塔和帕旺的花药组织培养和小麦×玉米杂交技术产生单倍体的效果不同。不同基因型花药诱导愈伤组织的诱导率从 9 4%到 1 9 7%不等 ,不同基因型所产生的再生株数量亦不同 ,两个小麦品种都有绿苗和白化苗产生 ,绿苗诱导率自 1 3%到 5 0 %。分别利用小麦×玉米杂交技术能有效诱导两个春小麦品种单倍体 ,杂交结实率为 80 2 %～95 1 % ,但只有 1 0 9%～ 1 4 6%的籽粒含有幼胚 ,其中 95 %以上的幼胚可发育成绿苗。每 1 0 0个杂交小花中平均可生成 1 0 5个到 1 4 0个绿苗 ,不产生白化苗 ,染色体亦不自然加倍。 相似文献
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河北杨不同再生途径组培苗遗传稳定性的RAPD检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
;运用RAPD标记对河北杨不同培养途径获得的再生植株遗传稳定性进行检测,结果表明,以试管苗幼嫩叶片为外植体,通过直接不定芽发生途径获得的再生植株(20株)与对照株间表现出相同的条带数,说明此途径具有较高的遗传稳定性;以试管苗幼嫩叶片为外植体诱导愈伤组织,通过器官发生途径获得的再生植株(20株)中有2株分别在引物S268和引物S104中各出现一条多态性带,位点变异率为2/288,楦株变异率为2/20,说明此培养途径过程中发生体细胞无性系变异,遗传稳定性较前者低,因此河北杨不同培养途径再生植株间存在遗传稳定性差异. 相似文献
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Twenty two accessions of barley landrace/farmers' varieties collected from Bale and North Shewa in situ conservation zones were characterised using 18 qualitative and quantitative morphological traits. Phenotypic frequencies for individual qualitative characters across in situ conservation zones, districts, and strategic sites (localities) have shown mixed and some peculiar patterns. Varieties from Bale conservation zone are predominantly white-yellow seeded whereas varieties from North Shewa are purple-black seeded. White-yellow seeded varieties are more frequent in the lower altitude examined, and the purple-black seeded varieties are more frequent at the highest altitude ( 2650 ). While six row types occur at higher frequencies in almost all the sites in North Shewa, the irregular types are dominant at Bale. The highest frequency of six row types is found at an altitude 2650 , whereas the two rowed and irregular types are found below 2650 . Two row types occur at low frequency at both sites. At Bale, glume awn shorter than glume is the most frequent character whereas glume awn longer than glume is more frequent at North Shewa. Glume awn longer than glume appears to increase with increasing altitude. Caryopsis cover is relatively monomorphic with respect to distribution across zones. The covered types are most frequent in almost all altitudinal ranges. Estimates of diversity index (H) for individual qualitative characters suggest that polymorphism is common in varying degrees for most characters, which indicates the existence of wide range of variation. On the basis of cross validation using discriminant function among the quantitative characters, the landrace varieties from North Shewa seem to be more diverse than the ones from Bale. From the results of multiple regression analysis, the zonal variation is significantly associated with all the quantitative morpho-agronomic characters except plant height. The great majority of the varieties from Bale were perfectly identified and named by farmers. The reliability analysis confirmed that there was a remarkable positive degree of consistency between farmers naming of landrace varieties. 相似文献
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以旱稻基因型远F2 1 [旱 65 (Oryzasativa) 长芒稗 (Echinochloacaudata) ]为母本 ,高粱(Sorghumbicolor)基因型沈农 1 33为父本 ,进行属间远缘杂交 ,获得三属间杂交实粒种子。对杂交种F0 、F1、F2 代连续观察结果表明 :( 1 )杂交F0 代高度不孕 ,并伴有杂交种发育夭折现象发生 ,结实率仅为 2 63‰ ;( 2 )F1杂种优势明显 ,株高、穗长、1级枝梗数、小花数、结实粒数、结实率、千粒重诸性状超母本优势为 0 61 %～ 2 0 5 6% ;主茎叶片数多于母本 1片 ,总叶面积超亲优势为 1 1 95 % ;F1出现母本没有的红芒、红护颖和紫柱头 3个可遗传性状 ;( 3)F2 除在生育期、株高及穗长等性状发生分离外 ,其典型特征是穗型、芒性、芒色、柱头颜色、护颖颜色等性状发生分离 相似文献
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该文分析了北京地区春季气候条件对冬小麦穗分化的影响,得到了早春单棱至护颖期间≤7.5℃,护颖至顶端小穗分化期间≤10.5℃出现的天数愈多、愈有利小穗分化的温度指标,及穗分化期间出现日期所需大于0℃的积温指标,如护颖期出现需245度一日,四分体出现需575度-日等。文章还讨论了穗分化速率与温度、穗分化的持续时间之间的关系,并根据北京地区春季天气条件对分化小穗数的不同影响,划分了春暖,春凉及正常三种农业气候年型。 相似文献
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Variation among Spanish faba beans cultivars: taxonomic and evolutionary implications 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to examine phenotypic variability within a Spanish faba bean germplasm collection maintained at the Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Córdoba, Spain.The analysis of 158 Spanish faba bean accessions and 12 quantitative traits indicated highly significant differences among botanical groups for 8 characters and among geographic regions for 10 characters. An east to west clinal pattern of variation for some characters was detected.In order to identify the main characters which account for the major variation, the same collection was subjected to principal component analysis for 12 quantitative traits. Reproductive and plant height characters appeared to be the major sources of diversity.To determine the importance of both geographic and botanical variation among the Spanish cultivars, discriminant analysis was applied. According to these analyses, plant height, height of the lowest pod-bearing node, pod length and 100 seed weight, were important traits discriminating among different geographic regions. The main character discriminating among botanical groups was the 100 seed weight.Our results fit in a pattern in which both agroecological and anthropological causes could have played a role in the observed variation. This analysis can help plant breeders in choosing the most favorable accessions in plant breeding. 相似文献
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Y. Amagai P. Martinek N. Watanabe T. Kuboyama 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2014,61(2):465-471
The locus responsible for branched spike in a branched spike mutant of Triticum monococcum L. (2n = 2x = 14, AmAm genome) and soft glume in Triticum sinskajae Filat. et Kurkiev (2n = 2x = 14, AmAm genome) were mapped by genotyping F2 populations using microsatellite markers. Phenotypic analysis in the cross T. sinskajae PI 418587/a branched spike mutant KT3-24 confirmed that both characters were under control of a recessive allele at a single locus, and they were linked with 26.6 cM. The branched head in T. monococcum (bh m ) locus was located on chromosome 2AmS and the marker Xgwm122 flanked the bh m gene distally. Soft glume locus in T. sinskajae was allelic to the soft glume (sog) locus in mm09, a soft glume mutant of T. monococcum. The sog locus was linked with Xwmc644 distally. In the F2 hybrids of T. monococcum #252/PI 418587 and T. monococcum KT 3-21/PI 418587, sog was linked with Xgwm71. The gene fg which determines a false glume was also located on chromosome 2AmS and the recombination between sog and fg (1.6 cM) was obtained in F2 hybrid of KT 3-21/PI 418587. 相似文献
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Multivariate analysis of genetic variation in Aegilops tauschii from the world germplasm collection 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Alexander Ju. Dudnikov 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2000,47(2):185-190
A study of Aegilops tauschii subspecies constitution was undertaken. The data on allozyme and morphologic variation among 308 plants from 154 accessions were used for multivariate analysis. ACPH1 and (glume width)/(rachis segment width) ratio were found to be reliable criteria to distinguish between sspp. tauschii and strangulata. 相似文献
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A. S. M. G. Masum Akond N. Watanabe Y. Furuta 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(1):133-141
Genetic diversity of a set of introgression lines of Triticum aestivum L./T. polonicum L. with long glume and T. petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch. were analyzed by Amplified Fragments Length Polymorphism (AFLP). Small-scale bulk breeding method was
applied throughout until F6 generation to develop the introgression lines. Thirty-eight hexapolid F7 plants with long glume phenotype and their parents were subjected to AFLP analysis by four primer combinations. A total of
47 polymorphic loci were detected between the parents, 15 of them were introgressed across the 38 lines. It was hypothesized
that approximately 50% of A or B genomes associated polymorphic loci were introgressed. The variation of introgression lines
was limited within the diversity between their parents, T. aestivum L. cv. Novosibirskaya 67 (N67) and T. polonicum L. cv. IC12196. N67 was closer to 38 introgression lines than that of IC12196. The UPGMA cluster and principal coordinate
analysis (PCO) grouping showed 0.84 to 0.98 similarity values between N67 and the introgression lines. Eleven T. petropavlovskyi accessions were distinguished from introgression lines with UPGMA clusters and PCO groupings, and T. petropavlovskyi was located between the introgressions lines and IC12196. Several introgression lines resembled with T. petropavlovskyi for awning and glume length. The genetic variation among 38 introgression lines was much wider than that of T. petropavlovskyi. We concluded that T. petropavlovskyi was established by intensive selection of hybrid between T. aestivum/T. polonicum. 相似文献