共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 468 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
天目山主峰海拔高逾1500m，由山麓到山顶形成四个森林植被垂直带谱，包括七个森林类型，即常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、落叶阔叶林、山顶灌丛－矮林、针叶林、针阔混交林和竹林。调查研究表明，各类型森林枯落物（层 ）的现存量，组成成分、持水率、持水量等均不相同，森林土壤（矿质层）的主要物理性质因森林类型而不同，并均随着土壤的深度呈某种规律性变异。森林土壤的持水量主要受土壤孔隙度的影响。在天目山地区，森林土壤的持水量较非林地土壤（荒草地）为高；落叶阔叶林类型的土壤持水量，常较针叶林类型为高。 相似文献
5.
壶瓶山国家级自然保护区森林植物群落类型及特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对壶瓶山自然保护区的植被进行了研究,该区植被属于华中植物区系,地带性植被在森林分区上为中亚热带北部常绿阔叶林亚地带,属三峡武陵山雪峰山林区。主要类型有：低山针叶林、中山针叶林、中山针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、落叶阔叶林、灌丛、灌草丛和草句。在分类系统上采用植被型组(Vegetation type group)一植被型(Vegetation type)一植被亚型(Vegetation subtype)一植物群系(plant formation)一植物群丛(Plant association)为分类等级,共分为5个植被型组,9个植被型,包括50个主要群系。 相似文献
6.
广东省连南县板洞省级自然保护区常绿阔叶林主要群落特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
广东省连南县板洞自然保护区的植被属常绿阔叶林类型，分布6个群落，优势种及建群种为红锥和白锥、红楠和华润楠、木荷、木莲和毛桃木莲、枫香和大果马蹄荷等，并调查了群落主要树种的生长情况，分析和阐述了保护区内常绿阔叶林主要群落的特征。 相似文献
7.
基于2018年对广东罗浮山省级自然保护区5种典型植物群落物种调查数据,分析了各群落的物种组成、垂直结构,选取物种丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及Pielou均匀度指数描述植被多样性特征。结果表明:不同林型植被监测样地共记录野生维管植物210种,分属于81科158属,其中,蕨类植物有10科10属11种,珍稀濒危保护植物4种。优势物种主要包括马尾松、木荷、黄樟、密花树等。通过群落聚类分析和群落乔木层主要优势种重要值排序分析,可将16个样地聚为3种森林植被类型、5种群落类型,包括马尾松针叶林、马尾松+木荷针阔混交林、黄樟+华润楠+青冈常绿阔叶林、华润楠-密花树常绿阔叶林、密花树山顶矮林。群落垂直结构可分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层、层间藤本4个层次,乔木上层的建群种主要是黄樟、马尾松,乔木中层常见的优势种有罗浮柿、密花树和木荷,乔木下层高1～5 m,优势种主要有密花树、豺皮樟等。不同群落植物多样性和结构差异明显,季风常绿和山地常绿阔叶林的物种丰富度指数明显高于针叶林、针阔叶混交林和山顶矮林。 相似文献
8.
【目的】探究文山国家级自然保护区土壤微生物生物量碳氮沿海拔地带性植被的分布特征及其关键调控因子,为理解亚热带森林土壤碳氮循环过程及其调控机制提供基础数据参考。【方法】以保护区低海拔亚热带季风常绿阔叶林、中海拔半湿润常绿阔叶林和高海拔中山湿性常绿阔叶林3种典型地带性植被类型为研究对象,采用氯仿熏蒸法研究土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量沿海拔和土层的变化,并运用偏Mantel检验、Fourth-Corner方法解析植被多样性、土壤性质与微生物生物量碳氮之间的关系。【结果】1)土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量的海拔变化差异显著（P<0.05）。3个地带性植被群落的土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量随海拔升高呈增加趋势,即亚热带季风常绿阔叶林(15.75和2.84 mg·kg-1)<半湿润常绿阔叶林(28.05和4.95 mg·kg-1)<中山湿性常绿阔叶林(41.61和7.80 mg·kg-1)。2)各地带性植被带土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量均随土层加深而呈显著的减小趋势（P<0.05）,0～10 cm土层微生物生物量碳氮含量分别是... 相似文献
9.
澜沧江自然保护区半湿性常绿阔叶林的群落学及植物区系特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对澜沧江自然保护区分布于海拔高度2 300~2 540 m较原始的半湿性常绿阔叶林的群落学及植物区系特性进行了调查研究。其2 500 m2的样地调查统计资料表明,组成本区半湿性常绿阔叶林的种子植物有44科、93属、149种,蕨类植物有7科、9属、13种。其群落的5个层次组成显明。群落中,泛热带分布的属最多,有24属;其次为热带亚洲及其变型的属,有15属。热带性质的属(51属)多于温带性质的属(32属),无中国特有属,显示该保护区的半湿性常绿阔叶林在属的水平上具有较强的热带性质。群落中,中国特有种多达76种,包括保护区特有的2个种,与云南共有的28种,与中国其他地区共有的46种,其中与西南片共有27种,表明本保护区半湿性常绿阔叶林的构成种类主要起源于云南和我国西南地区。其群落中也有一定数量的中国—喜马拉雅成分(32种)和热带亚洲成分(30种),显示与喜马拉雅地区和热带亚洲地区的区系渊源。群落中温带性质的种(113种)比热带性质的种(35种)多,说明在本区山地条件下,在该群落中形成和迁入了大量温带的种类。以此认为,相对干燥的山地气候,是本区的半湿性常绿阔叶林能够分布到海拔高度2 540 m,明显高于高黎贡山和无量山的原因。此外,构成本区半湿性常绿阔叶林种子植物的种类明显少于无量山的相同林分(177种),这或许也与两地区降雨量的差异有关。同样的由硬斗石栎、木果石栎等优势物种组成的林分,在高黎贡山和无量山属于中山湿性常绿阔叶林,而在本保护区则属于半湿性常绿阔叶林。说明具有类似优势成分的森林群落,可以划分到不同的高等级植被类型(如植被亚型)中,这主要取决于它们的生态特征,而不完全取决于它们的区系组成。 相似文献
10.
开远市原生植被类型的垂直分布状况调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对开远市不同海拔高度原生植被类型状况的设样调查,得出开远市原生植被的垂直分布规律为:海拔高度1 500 m以下分布着以毛叶青冈为代表的偏干性季风常绿阔叶林、细叶云南松林;海拔高度1 500~2 000 m生长有元江栲、银木荷湿性常绿阔叶林、云南松林;而海拔高度2 000 m以上为红花荷、黄丹木姜子群落及光叶石栎群落组成的中山湿性常绿阔叶林。而在海拔高度1 100~1 200 m干热河谷地带分布的铁橡栎、清香木群落不作该地的代表类型。结合垂直分布规律,对除细叶云南松林外的6种植被类型的物种分层结构特征作了论述。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
18.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
19.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
20.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献