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1.
不同来源蜈蚣草吸收富集砷的特征及植物修复效率的探讨 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
蜈蚣草是一种As的超富集植物,在As污染土壤的植物修复上具有极大的潜力.对中国南方广泛分布的蜈蚣草及其生长的土壤的As含量、形态及土壤理化性质的调查分析表明,蜈蚣草生长的土壤As含量范围为33.7～1396 mg/kg,相应地,蜈蚣草地上部As含量范围为48.5～1104 mg/kg.除阳离子交换量(CEC)外,不同采样地区蜈蚣草生长土壤的理化性质指标,包括pH、总有机质(TOM)和质地均存在显著性差异,反映野外蜈蚣草可生长在不同性质的土壤上.基于回归分析的预测模型显示,蜈蚣草对As污染土壤的植物修复效率随土壤As含量的增加而逐渐降低,蜈蚣草较适用于轻度As污染土壤的修复,对于高As污染土壤,需结合其他修复措施. 相似文献
2.
《土壤通报》2014,(4):1003-1007
通过盆栽试验研究砷(As)的超富集植物蜈蚣草(Pteris vittata)对As污染土壤中As总量的吸收,及形态分布的影响。结果表明,蜈蚣草羽叶、叶柄和根系部对土壤中As的吸收量相差很大,蜈蚣草将吸收的88.2%的As转移至地上部。蜈蚣草对土壤中的As污染具有较好的修复效果,供试土壤中总As量降低了12.4%。同时研究结果显示,蜈蚣草的修复作用改变了土壤中As的赋存形态,残留态As的百分含量从97.41%降低到92.96%,而交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁猛氧化态及有机结合态As的百分含量分别从0.10%、0.07%、1.28%和1.23%上升至0.15%、0.09%、1.73%和5.07%。 相似文献
3.
铜盐毒害对紫鸭跖草养分吸收和生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过含有不同浓度CuSO4的Hoagland营养液培养紫鸭跖草枝条,研究了紫鸭跖草对铜的耐性和超积累以及铜胁迫下紫鸭跖草生长和营养状况.结果表明:紫鸭跖草根部铜的积累量低浓度Cu2 供应时增加幅度不大,高浓度Cu2 供应时增加幅度较大;茎部的情况与根部相似;但叶部在低浓度Cu2 供应时铜的积累量几乎没有变化,高浓度Cu2 供应时铜的积累量增幅较大.在500 μmol · L-1和1 000 μmol · L-1铜处理下,紫鸭跖草整株铜积累量分别为866 mg · kg-1(DW)和1 130 mg · kg-1(DW).紫鸭跖草对铜的吸收和转运效率与铜的供给量呈正相关性.100～250 μmol · L-1铜的供应能明显促进紫鸭跖草生长.高浓度铜促进了钾、钙的吸收而阻碍了锌的吸收及镁向地上部分的运输,尽管如此,氮、磷、钾、镁、钙的浓度均在满足常规植物正常生长的浓度范围内.铜胁迫下对根部蛋白质表达活跃,氨基酸含量增加.研究结果表明紫鸭跖草对铜有很大耐性和富集能力. 相似文献
4.
采用室内水培试验方法,研究了砷胁迫（0～50mgAs·L^-1）对砷超富集植物大叶井口边草（Pteris cretica vat．nervosa）和非砷超富集植物剑叶凤尾蕨（Pteris ensiformis）叶片的过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量和自由基0i·产生速率的影响,并研究了25mgAs·L^-处理下上述6种指标的时间动态。结果表明,随着砷浓度升高,除APX外,剑叶凤尾蕨叶片的CAT、POD和SOD活性受到很大抑制,而大叶井口边草叶片这3种酶的活性能够维持,特别是POD活性显著增加;大叶井口边草叶片的MDA含量降低,剑叶凤尾蕨则升高;剑叶凤尾蕨叶片中的O2^-·产生速率比大叶井口边草增加显著。从时间动态看,随处理时间的延长,大叶井口边草叶片中的CAT和APX活性先降低再升高,POD活性显著增加,SOD活性变化不显著;剑叶凤尾蕨叶片的POD和SOD活性显著降低,APX活性无显著变化,CAT活性则先降低后升高;两种供试植物叶片的MDA含量第6d时均出现明显下降,但大叶井口边草叶片中O2^-·的产生速率在第6d则显著增加,而后降至实验初始时的水平。总起来看,砷超富集植物大叶井口边草比非砷超富集植物剑叶凤尾蕨具有更强的抗氧化能力,并且POD在其抗氧化体系中起关键作用。 相似文献
5.
重金属超富集植物是重金属污染土壤植物修复的基础,研究了3种重金属富集植物羽叶鬼针草、美洲商陆和紫叶芥菜对重金属Cd的吸收积累规律,为植物修复Cd污染的农田和生态环境建设提供科学依据。采用盆栽方法,在不同浓度（0、20、35、50、65、80mg·kg^-1）Cd处理下,分别测定3种植物地上部与根部Cd的含量,计算了地上部Cd迁移量、根系耐性指数、富集系数,研究了土壤中Cd添加量与植物富集Cd量的相关性。结果表明,随着土壤中Cd离子浓度的升高,3种植物地上部和根系中的Cd含量也在增加,相关系数都大于0．99;综合地上部与根部Cd含量,地上部Cd迁移量,根系耐性指数和富集系数,3种植物对Cd的富集能力的相对顺序为：羽叶鬼针草〉美洲商陆〉紫叶芥菜。羽叶鬼针草、美洲商陆种植在Cd处理浓度为65mg·kg^-1的土壤中和紫叶芥菜种植在Cd处理浓度为80mg·kg^-1的土壤中栽培时,3种植物地上部与根部的Cd含量均超过了100mg·kg^-1,达到了Cd超富集量的标准。羽叶鬼针草、美洲商陆和紫叶芥菜对Cd有很强的耐受性和富集性,可以作为先锋植物去修复被Cd污染的土壤。 相似文献
6.
广东大宝山矿区植物对重金属的富集特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对大宝山矿区自然定居和人工种植的13种优势植物根际土壤污染状况及其对重金属的富集特征进行研究.结果表明,大宝山矿区土壤受重金属Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu污染,其中以Cd、Cu的污染最为严重.在调查的13种优势植物中,铺地黍地上部分的Pb含量达到1 214.00 mg/kg,泡桐叶中Cu含量达到1 024.80mg/kg,超过了Pb和Cu超富集植物含量的临界值(1 000 mg/kg);其运转系数分别为1.77.13.74,都大于1.0,符合超富集植物的标准,表明铺地黍可能是Pb的超富集植物,泡桐可能是Cu的超富集植物.除铺地綦、泡桐外,其他11种优势植物的重金属吸收能力没有达到超富集植物的标准,但它们能在此区域定居,表现出对重金属有较强的耐性,其中象草、纤毛鸭嘴草、芒萁、五节芒、马尾松对重金属复合污染胁迫的耐性较强,可作为大宝山矿植被重建的先锋物种. 相似文献
7.
梁娜 《山西水土保持科技》2023,(1):40-42
选取黑麦草和羽衣甘蓝两种植物进行盆栽试验,并对25、50、75、100、125、150 mg/kg 6个浓度等级下两种植物地上部分镉含量进行了测定与分析,结果表明:黑麦草吸收、富集镉的能力较弱,羽衣甘蓝在土壤中镉浓度超过125 mg/kg时,地上部分镉含量超过100 mg/kg,但其富集系数和转运系数均小于1,两种供试植物均不是理想的修复镉污染土壤的超积累植物。 相似文献
8.
镉胁迫对荻生长、镉富集和土壤酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用盆栽土培法,从播种开始培育132d后,研究0,3,6,9mg/kg镉胁迫对荻的生长、镉富集与分布和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:荻耐性指数随处理浓度的增加先上升后下降,镉浓度≤6mg/kg时,促进荻生长,镉浓度为9mg/kg时,抑制荻生长。叶绿素、丙二醛和可溶性糖含量均随处理浓度的增加先升高后降低,在镉浓度为6mg/kg时达到最大值;类胡萝卜素含量为先降低后升高,在6mg/kg时达最小值。荻根部铜、锌和铁含量均随处理浓度的增加而升高,地上部铜和铁含量先降低后升高,而锌含量持续降低。根部和地上部镉含量随镉处理浓度增加呈线性增加趋势,且根部镉含量均高于地上部;不同浓度镉处理荻根部富集系数均大于1,但地上部富集系数和转运系数均小于1;根部镉积累量随处理浓度的增加先升高后降低,在镉浓度为6mg/kg时达到最大值,地上部镉积累量持续升高,荻体内镉主要分布在根部。镉处理组的土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性与对照相比总体无显著差异(P0.05),镉浓度为6mg/kg和9mg/kg对土壤脲酶活性有一定促进作用,但会抑制过氧化氢酶活性,根际土壤酶活性总体高于非根际土壤酶。研究表明,荻对镉有较强的耐性,且根部对镉有较强的富集能力,因此,荻在土壤镉污染稳定化修复方面具有一定的应用潜力。 相似文献
9.
为从花卉中筛选镉超富集植物用于镉污染土壤的修复,采用土壤高浓度镉污染法从5种花卉植物中筛选出具有镉富集植物基本特征的花卉植物硫华菊,并通过盆栽试验和小区试验,进一步研究硫华菊的镉积累特性。结果表明:随土壤镉浓度的增加,硫华菊的生物量、光合色素含量及可溶性蛋白含量均呈先增后降的趋势,SOD活性、POD活性呈增加的趋势,但CAT活性则呈降低的趋势。镉在硫华菊各个器官中的分布大小顺序为:根系茎秆地上部分叶片。硫华菊根系、茎秆、叶片及地上部镉含量随土壤镉浓度的增加呈增加的趋势,且在土壤镉浓度大于10mg/kg时,硫华菊地上部分镉含量均超过镉超富集植物临界值(100mg/kg)。不同浓度镉处理的硫华菊地上部分镉富集系数(BCF)均大于1,但转运系数(TF)均小于1。硫华菊根系、茎秆、叶片及地上部分镉积累量随土壤镉浓度的增加均呈先增后降的趋势,地上部分镉积累量最大值为479.34μg/株(土壤镉浓度为100mg/kg)。小区试验研究表明,在土壤镉浓度为2.04~2.89mg/kg时,硫华菊地上部分镉积累量为4.54~5.60mg/m~2。因此,硫华菊是一种镉富集植物,且修复能力较强,可有效地修复镉污染土壤。 相似文献
10.
通过温室盆栽试验,研究了超积累植物龙葵、非超积累植物黑麦草、苋菜分别与玉米间作条件下对重金属Cd的积累特性。结果表明,几种间作作物中地上部生物量最大的是龙葵,其次是苋菜,最小的是黑麦草,其中土壤Cd浓度为1.59 mg/kg时,龙葵地上部生物量分别是苋菜、黑麦草的2.41、10.6倍;土壤Cd浓度为1.92 mg/kg时,龙葵地上部生物量分别是苋菜、黑麦草的2.42、9.06倍,3种富集植物地上部生物量的差异达到显著水平。玉米间作条件下超积累植物龙葵各器官中Cd含量表现为叶茎籽粒根,即地上部大于根部;而苋菜中Cd含量表现为根茎叶,黑麦草中Cd含量表现为根部地上部,即非超积累植物Cd含量为根部大于地上部。土壤中Cd含量为1.59 mg/kg时,龙葵地上部Cd累积量分别为苋菜、黑麦草的28.0、59.9倍;龙葵的富集系数是苋菜、黑麦草的28.2、59.3倍,转运系数分别是苋菜、黑麦草的8.08、55.9倍。土壤中Cd含量为1.92 mg/kg时,龙葵地上部Cd累积量分别为苋菜、黑麦草的30.8、43.5倍;龙葵的富集系数分别是苋菜、黑麦草的29.4、41.4倍,转运系数分别是苋菜、黑麦草的7.98、53.6倍。综上可知,超积累植物龙葵对土壤中Cd的吸收与转运能力远远大于非超积累植物苋菜、黑麦草,龙葵是最理想的与玉米间作的Cd污染土壤修复的植物修复材料。 相似文献
11.
Kochansky J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(7):2826-2828
Two deuterated insecticides were prepared for use as internal standards for gas-liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses. Diethyl chlorothiophosphate-d(10) was prepared by reaction of ethanol-d(6) with P(2)S(5) to give labeled diethyldithiophosphoric acid, followed by chlorination. Treatment of the acid chloride with 3-chloro-4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin and potassium carbonate in acetone at reflux gave labeled coumaphos. An analogous reaction with 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin gave labeled potasan, and the technique should be usable for synthesis of labeled forms of other dialkyl thiophosphate insecticides. 相似文献
12.
W R Dantzer J Hopper K Mullin S Hendrich P A Murphy 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(10):4291-4296
14C-Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was produced by Fusarium proliferatum M-5991 in modified Myro liquid medium and purified to >95% purity with a specific activity of 1.7 mCi/mmol. Nine male and nine female F344/N rats were each dosed by gavage with 0.69 micromol of (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), or (14)C-FB(1)-fructose/kg body weight. Urinary excretion of (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was 0.5% and 4.4% of the total dose, respectively, and was similar between male and female rats. Urinary excretion of (14)C-hydrolyzed HFB(1) was significantly greater (P > 0.05) in female rats as compared with male rats (17.3% vs 12.8% of the total dose, respectively). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in biliary excretion of the three fumonisin compounds with a mean of 1. 4% of the dose excreted at 4 h after dosing. Lesser amounts continued to be excreted up to 9.25 h after dosing. Although biliary excretion of the (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was similar, increased urinary excretion of the (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1) as compared to (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose indicated a greater absorption of the hydrolyzed form. 相似文献
13.
Photolysis, sonolysis, and photosonolysis of common groundwater contaminants, namely 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene, were investigated using a flow-through photosono reactor system. Simulated groundwater containing the chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was exposed to ultraviolet light (UV), ultrasonication (US), and UV and US concurrently (UVUS), without a photo catalyst. VOC removal efficiencies of the UV, US, and UVUS treatment processes were computed from the VOC concentrations in influent and effluent of the reactor. The process using UVUS exhibited larger degradation efficiencies than that with UV and US separately in most cases; however, statistical analysis showed that the UVUS treatment efficiency is likely to be additive of the UV and US treatment efficiencies. The results also showed that the increase of the detention time from 26 to 60 min had no significant effect on the VOC removal efficiencies in these processes. 相似文献
14.
Prior RL Hoang H Gu L Wu X Bacchiocca M Howard L Hampsch-Woodill M Huang D Ou B Jacob R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(11):3273-3279
Methods are described for the extraction and analysis of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants, using modifications of the oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC(FL)) procedure. These methods provide, for the first time, the ability to obtain a measure of "total antioxidant capacity" in the protein free plasma, using the same peroxyl radical generator for both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants. Separation of the lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant fractions from plasma was accomplished by extracting with hexane after adding water and ethanol to the plasma (hexane/plasma/ethanol/water, 4:1:2:1, v/v). Lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants were efficiently partitioned between hexane and aqueous solvents. Conditions for controlling temperature effects and decreasing assay variability using fluorescein as the fluorescent probe were validated in different laboratories. Incubation (37 degrees C for at least 30 min) of the buffer to which AAPH was dissolved was critical in decreasing assay variability. Lipophilic antioxidants represented 33.1 +/- 1.5 and 38.2 +/- 1.9% of the total antioxidant capacity of the protein free plasma in two independent studies of 6 and 10 subjects, respectively. Methods are described for application of the assay techniques to other types of biological and food samples. 相似文献
15.
Roy A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(12):5209-5210
Terpinolene oxide, a monoterpene belonging to the p-menthane group, is easily derived from naturally abundant (R)-limonene. It was isomerized with montmorillonite clay catalyst to karahanaenone (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1-one) by ring enlargement. The enantiomers of the corresponding alcohol, karahanaenol (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1- ol), known for their individual organoleptic properties, were resolved through Pseudomonas cepacia lipase mediated enantiospecific alcoholysis of its acetate derivative. 相似文献
16.
Simos Malamis Evina Katsou Katherine J. Haralambous 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,218(1-4):81-92
This work examined the removal of heavy metals in a system consisting of ultrafiltration (UF) or microfiltration (MF) membranes combined with sludge and minerals. The metals under examination were Ni(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II), while the system performance was investigated with respect to several operating parameters. Metal removal was achieved through various processes including chemical precipitation, biosorption, adsorption, ion exchange, and finally retention of the metals by the membranes. The pH had a profound effect on metal removal, as the alkaline environment favored the metal removal process. The use of sludge resulted in increased levels of metal uptake which was further enhanced with the addition of minerals. The metal removal mechanisms depended on the pH, the metal, and mineral type. The combined sludge?Cmineral?CUF system could effectively remove metal ions at an alkaline environment (pH?=?8), meeting the US EPA recommended long-term reuse limits of lead and copper and the short-term reuse limits of nickel and zinc for irrigation purposes, provided that specific mineral dosages were added. 相似文献
17.
采用批处理法研究了锑/磷(Sb/P)在膨润土和高岭土上的竞争吸附等温线和动力学,并考察了pH的影响。结果表明:Sb和P吸附符合Langmuir或Freundlich方程(R~2=0.945 0~0.998 3,P0.000 1),存在极强的竞争吸附:P共存时Sb吸附容量(Q_(max))显著降低,分别从0.86和10.21 mmol/kg(先Sb后P)降低到0.64和2.61 mmol/kg(先P后Sb);Sb共存时P吸附亲合性(K)明显降低,分别从1.47和7.47 L/mmol(先P后Sb)降低到0.68和2.34 L/mmol(先Sb后P)。Sb和P的吸附总体随pH升高而降低,但相比高岭土,膨润土上的吸附受pH影响更大,意味着高岭土有更多配位吸附、膨润土有更多电性吸附。准二级动力学方程很好地拟合它们的竞争吸附(R~20.994,P0.000 1),并且在Sb/P共存下,膨润土对P吸附弱而慢(q_e=0.36 mmol/kg,,k_2=0.064 6 kg/(mmol·min))、对Sb吸附虽弱但快(q_e=0.19 mmol/kg,k_2=0.076 9 kg/(mmol·min));高岭土对P吸附强更快(q_e=0.66 mmol/kg,k_2=0.591 kg/(mmol·min))、对Sb吸附虽强但慢[q_e=0.39 mmol/kg,k_2=0.052 4 kg/(mmol·min)]。因此,Sb对P吸附的抑制在膨润土上更明显(主要是静电吸附竞争),P对Sb吸附的抑制则在高岭土上更突出(主要是配位吸附竞争)。 相似文献
18.
Identification of oxidation products of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin with H(2)O(2) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Zhu N Huang TC Yu Y LaVoie EJ Yang CS Ho CT 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(4):979-981
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) are two important antioxidants in tea. They also display some antitumor activities, and these activities are believed to be mainly due to their antioxidative effects. However, the specific mechanisms of antioxidant action of tea catechins remain unclear. In this study are isolated and identified two novel reaction products of EGCG and one product of EGC when they were reacted separately with H(2)O(2). These products are formed by the oxidation and decarboxylation of the A ring in the catechin molecule. This study provides unequivocal proof that the A ring of EGCG and EGC may also be an antioxidant site. This study also indicates an additional reaction pathway for the oxidation chemistry of tea catechins. 相似文献
19.
This study evaluated the effect of lead (Pb(II)), zinc (Zn(II)) and copper (Cu(II)) on growth and sporulation of four Halophytophthora species (Halophytophthora vesicula, Halophytophthora elongata, Halophytophthora spinosa var. lobata, and an oogonia-producing Halophytophthora sp.) isolated from different mangrove sites in Taiwan. Results show that all isolates grew well or even better at 1 ppm concentration of the heavy metals tested. Growth of all test isolates was totally inhibited at 500 ppm, except for H. spinosa var. lobata exposed to Zn(II). For sporulation, all isolates produced moderate to abundant zoosporangia or oogonia at 1 ppm Pb(II) and Zn(II). Production of zoosporangia by H. vesicula, H. elongata and H. spinosa var. lobata was significantly affected or totally inhibited at 1 ppm Pb(II) and Zn(II) and all concentrations of Cu(II). Abnormal oogonia were produced by Halophytophthora sp. at 10 ppm Cu(II) and 100 ppm of the three heavy metals. In general, Cu(II) and Zn(II) were found to be the most toxic, and the least toxic was Pb(II). H. spinosa var. lobata was the most tolerant to all the heavy metals, while H. vesicula and H. elongata were the most sensitive. Results of this study shows that increased concentrations of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) in the mangrove environment can significantly affect growth and impair normal reproduction of Halophytophthora species. 相似文献
20.
Gudny Okkenhaug Andreas Botnen Smebye Thomas Pabst Carl Einar Amundsen Hilmar Sævarsson Gijs D. Breedveld 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(11):3310-3323