共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 534 毫秒
1.
根据异性孪生不育母牛性染色体嵌合体是XX/XY,而正常母牛性染色体型为XX这一现象,研究开发了一种基于PCR技术检测异性孪生不育母牛的方法:利用牛1.715微卫星做内标基因检测样品DNA的质量,在此基础上,检测被检母牛体内是否存在Y染色体特异的Sry基因,如果检测出Sry基因,则判定被检测牛是异性孪生不育母牛,如果没有检测出Sry基因,则判定被检测牛不是异性孪生不育母牛。利用该项技术,可以快速、准确地检测异性孪生不育母牛。 相似文献
2.
纤维红外吸收特性及其在皮棉杂质检测中的应用 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
皮棉异性纤维杂质检测技术是近几年来国内外研究的难点。为有效检测皮棉中与棉纤维外观极其相似的异性纤维杂质，提出了一种显微近红外成像方法用于检测皮棉中异性纤维。该方法将棉纤维与异性纤维在特定红外波段的吸收特性差别，转化为近红外光谱成像系统中两者的灰度、形态图像特征差别，通过显微光路对图像特征差别放大，利用图像分割技术将异性纤维目标分割出来。试验结果表明，采用显微近红外成像方法捕获的图像中，异性纤维灰度、形态特征明显，其检测结果与实际相符，此方法可有效识别皮棉中异性纤维杂质。 相似文献
3.
基于自适应域值分割与力矩的棉花异性纤维分类方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为能够准确统计出棉花中所含异性纤维的重量和数目,提出一种机器视觉与图像处理技术,对棉花异性纤维进行检测分类。在提取棉花异性纤维原始图像的基础上,采用灰度处理和滤波技术完成图像的预处理,采用自适应域值技术来完成棉花异性纤维图像分割,在分割出的二值化图像基础上,采用挖空内点法和邻域搜索法进行轮廓提取,提出以异性纤维轮廓的面积与周长平方之比作为力矩,对棉花异性纤维进行分类。通过对300个棉花异性纤维样本图像进行了试验,分类准确率可以达到96%。结果表明该技术和分类力矩可以准确的对棉花异性纤维进行初分类。 相似文献
4.
基于改进的粒子群多阈值算法的白色异性纤维检测 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为了提高皮棉中白色异性纤维的识别精度,该文提出了一种基于改进混沌粒子群的白色异性纤维检测算法,该算法将图像的像素点按灰度值分为多类,把所有相邻类间方差看做一个粒子种群,以最大类间方差组作为种群适应度评价函数。通过滑动窗口技术判断算法是否陷入局部最优。有效克服了标准粒子群算法容易陷入局部最优的缺陷。通过试验验证,该文提出的算法对白色异性纤维的识别准确率达到98.6%。通过与标准二维Otsu算法的对比分割试验发现在分割较细小的白色异性纤维以及白色纤维与皮棉发生重叠的情况时,该算法的分割结果比标准二维Otsu算法更准确,噪声点更少。为皮棉异性纤维检测与剔除工艺的改善提供了技术依据。 相似文献
5.
杂交水稻的研究和推广为国民经济的发展起到了重要的作用，并已经在东南亚地区推广。如何建立一套快速、准确的杂交水稻真伪及纯度检测体系一直是困扰着口岸检疫人员的技术难题。实时荧光PCR技术是近年来新兴的检验技术。我们通过对已报道的雄性不育特异片段R2-630WA进行PCR验证，发现其可以作为鉴定杂交稻不育胞质的分子标记。依据此片段设计并合成一对引物和一条TaqMan荧光探针，对17个水稻品种进行实时荧光PCR检测。结果表明：此探针可以特异扩增三系杂交稻F1及不育系，并可初步用于三系杂交稻的纯度检测，由此建立了一套准确、快速的三系杂交稻鉴定体系。 相似文献
6.
基于光谱分析的棉花异性纤维最佳波段选择方法 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
图像采集是基于计算机视觉的棉花异性纤维检测计量系统中的基础环节。为构建有效的图像采集系统以便检测皮棉中的异性纤维并识别其种类,在对棉纤维和异性纤维进行光谱分析的基础上,根据二者的漫反射光谱差异,提出了基于反射差极值分布的最佳检测波段选择方法和基于光谱可区分度的最佳可区分波段选择方法。光谱分析结果表明,紫外波段是带荧光异性纤维的最佳检测波段,可见光波段是带颜色异性纤维的最佳检测波段,而红外波段是塑料薄膜、毛发、羽毛等的最佳检测波段,并初步认定780～1 800 nm的近红外波段为异性纤维间的最佳可区分波段。 相似文献
7.
棉铃虫分层分格式大量人工饲养技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用昆虫辐射技术或Ｆ－１不育防治棉铃虫的研究；需要进行大量人工饲养，提供释放不育早源。由于棉铃虫幼虫在一定发育时期内存在严重的自相残杀行为，所以饲养技术非常复杂，产量低，成本高。本文记述了一种适于大量人工饲养棉铃虫的技术，这一饲养系统充分考虑了简化操作和降低成本等实际问题。 相似文献
8.
2008年6月12日，由我院水稻所和重庆中一种业有限公司育成的三系杂交水稻不育系Q2A，在广东梅州市通过了由广东省种子管理总站组织的专家技术鉴定。通过对该不育系的田间考察、室内检测、听取汇报及答疑论证后，专家组一致认为Q2A株型较好，叶色深绿，剑叶直立，穗大粒多，农艺性状整齐一致，遗传性状稳定，不育度高，配合力强，综合性状优良，具有较好的生产应用前景。 相似文献
9.
水稻温敏不育系育性鉴定及繁种水温处理系统的设计和应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
水稻温敏不育系育性敏感期处于某种温度条件下表现雄性不育，与父本可配制杂交种；处于另一温度条件下则可育，能自交繁殖种子。使不育过渡到可育的育性转换温度决定着两系法杂交稻制种风险的大小。因此，确定水稻温敏不育系的育性转换温度，筛选导致不育起点温度低的温敏不育系已成为水稻两系法育种的技术关键。本研究的处理系统利用空调机制冷、加热，温控仪自动控温，水温在17～30℃之间可调。水温控制池与植株处理池中的水不断循环，从而达到植株处理池中的水温长期稳定，保持在研究所需要的范围内，完全能满足温敏不育系育性鉴定与繁种的要求 相似文献
10.
棉花中白色异性纤维的激光成像快速检测方法 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
现有的棉花异性纤维分拣机采用可见光照明成像,难以识别棉花中混杂的白色异性纤维。为了有效地检测出与棉花颜色相同或相近的白色异性纤维,该文采用线激光照明成像的方法,在固定线激光功率、波长和相机光圈的条件下,利用不同的曝光时间,获取了12种典型的白色异性纤维与皮棉的图像,分析其成像曝光时间与图像对比度之间的关系,发现不同的关系曲线存在一段共有的最优曝光峰值时间。在此曝光时间内,同一图像中的白色异性纤维已经"过曝",而棉花还处于欠饱和状态。二者图像灰度值的明显差异可用于检测棉花中的白色异性纤维。该文在线激光功率为0.8 W,波长650 nm,相机光圈为8C,曝光时间为1.6 ms的条件下获取了1 500幅图像。试验表明,采用简单的固定阈值法,皮棉中12种典型的白色异性纤维的识别率达到了95.8%。研究结果为提高棉花中白色异性纤维的识别率和速度提供了一条新途径。 相似文献
11.
Hubalkova Z Kralik P Kasalova J Rencova E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(10):3454-3459
Identification of fish species is significant due to the increasing interest of consumers in the meat of sea fish. Methods focusing on fish species identification help to reveal fraudulent substitution among economically important gadoid species in commercial seafood products. The objective of this work was to develop a conventional PCR method for the differentiation of the following gadoid fish species in fish products: Alaska pollack ( Theragra chalcogramma), blue whiting ( Micromesistius poutassou), hake spp. ( Merluccius spp.), Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua), saithe ( Pollachius virens), and whiting ( Merlangius merlangus). The species-specific primer pairs for gadoid species determination were based on the partial pantophysin I ( PanI) genomic sequence. Sequence identification was confirmed by cloning and sequencing of the PCR products obtained from the species considered. For the simultaneous detection of Alaska pollack, blue whiting, and hake spp., a quadruplex PCR system was constructed. Other gadoid species were detected in separate PCR reactions. After optimization of the reactions, the developed PCR systems were used for the analysis of codfish samples obtained from the Czech market and the customs' laboratories. This method represents an alternative approach in the use of genomic DNA for the identification of fish species. This method is rapid, simple, and reliable without the need for further confirmative methods. Furthermore, the identification of a mixture of more than one species is possible. The PCR system has been optimized for routine diagnostic purposes. 相似文献
12.
13.
香蕉条斑病毒引起的香蕉条斑病,对香蕉生产的危害越来越严重,因此对该病毒的检测也变得很重要。而PCR法已广泛用于植物病毒的检测,所以控制PCR的反应条件对结果的准确性有很大影响。由于在检测过程中使用的是较为敏感的简并引物,因此对PCR反应条件的要求较高。本文采用L9（3……4）正交设计对PCR体系的反应条件进行了优化。最终获得最佳反应条件为Mg^2＋ 1.5mmol／L,dNTP 0.15mmol／L,Primer O.5μmol／L,TaqDNA聚合酶1.5U。通过最佳反应条件对采集回来的其他带BSV的植株叶片和吸芽的总DNA进行PCR扩增,其结果均表现为比较稳定。 相似文献
14.
牛支原体(Mycoplasma bovis是感染牛的一种重要的致病性病原体.本研究利用环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)技术建立了牛支原体的快速检测方法.该方法以牛支原体保守性基因uvrC为靶序列设计了5条特异引物,在58℃等温条件下,60 min即可完成反应.LAMP方法能检测出20 pg牛支原体DNA,较PCR方法高100倍,用牛鼻支原体(M.bovirhinis)、无乳支原体(M.agalactiae)、精氨酸支原体(M.ariginini)、牛副流感病毒(BPIV)、牛腺病毒(BADV)、牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)作特异性检测,两种方法均有很高的特异性.本研究还将荧光显色剂钙黄绿素(calcein)和Mn2+用于LAMP反应结果的可视化检测.临床鼻拭子样品煮沸后,可直接进行等温扩增,省去了DNA提取步骤.在对167个临床鼻拭子样本的检测中,LAMP方法检测结果阳性率(26.95％)高于PCR方法检测出阳性率(19.16％),这证明本研究所建立的方法,与PCR法比较更适于临床样品的检测.研究结果表明,LAMP方法具有操作简便、快速、高效、敏感、特异、经济等特点,适于基层实验室监测的广泛使用. 相似文献
15.
Qualitative and quantitative event-specific PCR detection methods for oxy-235 canola based on the 3' integration flanking sequence 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
As more genetically modified plant events are approved for commercialization worldwide, the event-specific PCR method has become the key method for genetically modified organism (GMO) identification and quantification. This study reveals the 3' flanking sequence of the exogenous integration of Oxy-235 canola employing thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR). On the basis of the revealed 3' flanking sequence, PCR primers and TaqMan probe were designed and qualitative and quantitative PCR assays were established for Oxy-235 canola. The specificity and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of these two PCR assays were validated to as low as 0.1% for the relative LOD of qualitative PCR assay; the absolute LOD and LOQ were low to 10 and 20 copies of canola genomic DNA in quantitative PCR assay, respectively. Furthermore, ideal quantified results were obtained in the practical canola sample detection. All of the results indicate that the developed qualitative and quantitative PCR methods based on the revealed 3' integration flanking sequence are suitable for GM canola Oxy-235 identification and quantification. 相似文献
16.
The goal of this study was to develop a diagnostic key for hake meat to solve the limitations of previous identification methodologies, mainly related to the high degradation of the DNA recovered from processed foods. We describe the development of two molecular tools based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the cytochrome b gene, respectively, to identify DNA from 12 hake species in commercial products. The first assay is an exclusion test consisting of the PCR amplification of a 122 bp fragment using nested primers interspecifically conserved in Merluccius spp. and in Gadus morhua. This 122 bp amplicon, being the shortest one so far designed for hake DNA, is a useful traceability tool for highly degraded samples because its sequence contains enough interspecific diagnostic variation to identify 10 hake species and cod and has been successfully amplified from most commercial products so far tested. The second identification key follows a positive outcome of the exclusion test and consists of the PCR amplification of a 464-465 bp fragment and its digestion with three restriction enzymes whose targets map at interspecifically nonconserved sites of the cytochrome b. The key presented here has passed through a rigorous methodological calibration including its testing for genus specificity, its validation on a large number of authenticated sample types from each species range, and its implementation with a maximum likelihood method for the assignment of unknown samples. Together, these two procedures constitute the most complete molecular key so far developed for Merluccius spp., which is optimal for routine identification of hakes in large commercial samples at a reasonable cost-time ratio. 相似文献
17.
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deficiencies are key constraints in rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) production systems of Cambodia. Only small amounts of mineral N and P or of organic amendment are annually applied to a single crop of rainfed lowland rice by smallholder farmers. The integration of leguminous crops in the pre‐rice cropping niche can contribute to diversify the production, supply of C and N, and contribute to soil fertility improvement for the subsequent crop of rice. However, the performance of leguminous crops is restricted even more than that of rice by low available soil P. An alternative strategy involves the application of mineral P that is destined to the rice crop already to the legume. This P supply is likely to stimulate legume growth and biological N2 fixation, thus enhancing C and N inputs and recycling N and P upon legume residue incorporation. Rotation experiments were conducted in farmers' fields in 2013–2014 to assess the effects of P management on biomass accumulation and N2 fixation (δ15N) by mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and possible carry‐over effects on rice in two contrasting representative soils (highly infertile and moderately fertile sandy Fluvisol). In the traditional system (no legume), unamended lowland rice (no N, + 10 kg P ha?1) yielded 2.8 and 4.0 t ha?1, which increased to 3.5 and 4.7 t ha?1 with the application of 25 kg ha?1 of urea‐N in the infertile and the moderately fertile soil, respectively. The integration of mungbean as a green manure contributed up to 9 kg of biologically fixed N (17% Nfda), increasing rice yields only moderately to 3.5–4.6 t ha?1. However, applying P to mungbean stimulated legume growth and enhanced the BNF contribution up to 21 kg N ha?1 (36% Nfda). Rice yields resulting from legume residue incorporation (“green manure use”–all residues returned and “grain legume use”–only stover returned) increased to 4.2 and 4.9 t ha?1 in the infertile and moderately fertile soil, respectively. The “forage legume use” (all above‐ground residues removed) provided no yield effect. In general, legume residue incorporation was more beneficial in the infertile than in the moderately fertile soil. We conclude that the inclusion of mungbean into the prevailing low‐input rainfed production systems of Cambodia can increase rice yield, provided that small amounts of P are applied to the legume. Differences in the attributes of the two major soil types in the region require a site‐specific targeting of the suggested legume and P management strategies, with largest benefits likely to accrue on infertile soils. 相似文献
18.
基于高光谱信息融合和相关向量机的种蛋无损检测 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
为了尽可能早的检测出无精蛋和受精蛋,该文提出采用透射高光谱成像技术,融合图像和光谱信息,对其受精信息进行检测。利用高光谱图像系统采集孵化前种蛋在400~1 000 nm的高光谱图像,提取图像特征(长短轴之比、伸长度、圆度、蛋黄面积与整蛋面积之比);筛选出400~760 nm的波段,通过Normalize预处理结合相关系数法提取155个光谱特征变量;运用主成分分析法对图像和光谱的融合信息进行降维,采用相关向量机(relevance vector machine,RVM)分别建立基于图像、光谱和图像-光谱融合信息的受精蛋和无精蛋分类判别模型,并与支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)模型进行比较,RVM模型检测正确率分别为90%,91%,96%;测试集检测时间分别为0.6619,1.0821,0.5016 s。SVM模型检测正确率分别为84%,90%,93%;测试集检测时间分别为5.9386,5.9886,5.6672 s。结果表明,基于图像-光谱融合所建立的模型优于单一信息的模型,在分类精度上,采用RVM分类精度高于SVM的分类精度;在分类时间上,RVM的分类时间比SVM短,因此,利用高光谱融合信息和相关向量机可以提高种蛋检测精度,研究结果为孵前无精蛋和受精蛋的在线实时检测提供参考。 相似文献
19.
K. E. Rehfuess 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1989,48(1-2):1-20
The paper reviews the present knowledge: (1) about the extent of acidic deposition in Central Europe with special emphasis on the situation in the FRG, (2) about the relationships between soils and soil-mediated effects of acidic deposition on the one hand and forest diseases on the other and (3) the temporal changes of relevant soil properties during the past decades. It is concluded, that infertile soils and acidic deposition are more likely to act as regional or local than as widespread general stressors in forest ecosystems of the FRG. The more or less simultaneous outbreak of natural and of pollutant-determined diseases during the early eighties is assumed to be triggered by largescale weather stress. 相似文献